Oogqirha ngexesha leMfazwe Patriotic Enkulu 1941-1945. feat zonyango kwiMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic

Kohola e angels wabonisa kungekho ngaphantsi ubuqhawe, ukomelela kunye nesibindi ngaphezu amajoni, Noomateloshe, airmen, amagosa kunye nabasebenzi phambi ekhaya. umongikazi Girl emagxeni ethe wathwala amajoni ababuleweyo, abasebenzi bezempilo esebenza imini nobusuku, ngaphandle kokuphuma izigulane, oosokhemisti benze konke okusemandleni ukubonelela amayeza ngaphambili oluphezulu lwe kule mali efunekayo. Kwakukho isibonda ukukhanya, indawo, indawo yomsebenzi - nganye amagqirha kuye negalelo.

Isifo yemfazwe

inkonzo zonyango, kwakunye lonke umkhosi, waya emfazweni phakathi kweemeko abaqala kwayo ngequbuliso. imisebenzi emininzi ejoliswe ekuphuculeni ukhathalelo lwempilo kunye nezibonelelo, besahleli kakhulu awukapheli. izithili Ukwahlukana umda inxaxheba inzondo ezinawo elinganiselweyo amayeza, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo. Le feat ephawulekayo kumagqirha ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, ilawula kwiimeko ezininzi ezinzima ukugcina impilo kunye nobomi amajoni zamajoni.

Ukususela ngosuku lokuqala imfazwe ngayo yenza ukungaqondani isikhundla kunikezelo amajoni ezikhoyo, kunye nemveliso kushishino izixhobo zonyango. Loovimba eziphambili amayeza, izixhobo zotyando, zokubopha, buzinze kwizithili umda, akazange abe nexesha ukuthatha ngaphandle. iimali ezinkulu izixhobo zonyango, eyenzelwe ukuba iqalise neeyunithi ezifakwe kunye namaziko kulahlekile.

Nangona ukungabi izitora zempilo, ngenxa yokwaphuka yobugorha kunye nemizamo engakholelekiyo kwabasindileyo oosokhemisti zomkhosi warehouses umgca ngaphambili babalekiswa ngaphezulu kwama-1200 iinqwelo-asethi bezempilo amazwe ngasemva.

Experience igazi kufunxwa

Nzima eli lizwe ngo-1941 yaphela elide-elindelwe uloyiso yokuqala engundoqo oluBomvu Army kwidabi olunzima for eMoscow. Oku kubonakaliswa ingakumbi ngokucacileyo feat zonyango kwiMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Iifoto kwexesha wathimba nobude abalwa sihlangulwe phantsi inkanyamba lomlilo kunye bombing kohola kunye nabongikazi. Kwakukho iimeko rhoqo xa eshiye wazigubungela kwabangxwelerhiweyo, zingawucongi ubomi. Ngobunzulu umsebenzi wenkonzo lwezonyango yi-manani cala. isixa esikhulu izixhobo zonyango echithwe ngexesha Battle of eMoscow:

• Kuphela ngaphambili elisentshona abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-12 ukusuka igozi.
• Esibizwa kunye Fronts Western wachitha ngaphezu kweetoni 172 of gypsum.
• Ngokubanzi iseti ye "ababuleweyo", lo regimental kunye wethu, aqulathe ebalulekileyo amayeza, serum, sutures, iisirinji. Ngaphambili ukuba Izitora i Front Koloni bempi ezikhutshiweyo 583 iiseti 169 Iiseti regimental kunye kweminyango.

Iindlela zihlanganise izibonelelo zonyango kwi Moscow edabini, washwankathela intlanganiso kwi Red Army GVSU 12-15 Epreli 1942, wavumela ukuphumeza ngakumbi ngempumelelo nokubonelela amajoni kunye namaziko zonyango imisebenzi ezilandelayo yemfazwe.

Kuba thina eMoscow!

Kohola e angels yaye bafunda ukusebenza ngempumelelo ngokwemiqathango zokhuselo (umva), kwaye kuhlaselo, nokuphumelela ngokukhawuleza kubunzulu omkhulu ngaphambili. Ngeendlela ezininzi, ngamava anexabiso elikhulu iye yazuza ngexesha ukuzithethelela elide zokunyanzelisa ezilandelayo counter uxambuliswano kummandla eMoscow. I-Battle of eMoscow wavumela ukuba ukunyenyisa umbutho isicwangciso care imikhosi kwi inguqu ukusuka izenzo Uyalwa ukuba baqhube imisebenzi ekhubekisayo ngomlinganiselo qhinga.

Kwanangaphambi kokuba idabi ngoyaba elo komkhulu inkonzo yezonyango imiphambili Koloni kunye Bryansk uye wasebenza nzima ukuba ukuze imikhosi yazo kunye nezixhobo, eziye buthathaka kakhulu ngenxa ilahleko enkulu kwiinyanga zokuqala ezimbini yemfazwe. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwafuneka ihlawulwe akuwo iiyunithi zonyango regiments kunye namacandelo nabongikazi kunye orderlies, masango.

siphambili

Kukho izinto ezininzi malunga kohola kwiMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, hayi ezisola ubomi babo ukuze athwale vyvoloch, ngayo nayiphi na indlela yokwenza ababuleweyo ukusuka edabini ukuya esibhedlele. Kwakufuneka ukusebenza phantsi emlilweni, ekufudumaleni kunye nemvula, eludakeni nekhephu.

Ikakhulukazi yaba ukususwa unzima ababuleweyo kunye snowpack nzulu. Ngoko ke, le moto inokuthenjwa nesempilweni, ingakumbi ngexesha blizzards kunye zicima ikhephu baba sleigh. Hayi kuphela ukuthuthwa kwabangxwelerhiweyo ukuya kumaziko regimental zonyango (PHC), kodwa ke ngenxa ngobungxamo zabo PMP kwiikliniki kweminyango. Kwazeka wavakalelwa ngokucacileyo imfuno yokuba iindlela ezifanelekileyo ukuze uqinise amakhonkco njengenxalenye yenkonzo zonyango. kuthetha Loo zibandakanyiwe imikhosi kwinkonzo yonyango samahashe inkampani enelanga, ibhexesha kakhulu baphume ngokukhawuleza.

ezibhedlela

oogqirha Military ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II amashumi amawaka asebenza ezibhedlele. Ngokomzekelo, kwisithuba ka-1941-1942. Kuphela izintlu Western Front izibhedlele 50 entsimini 10 mobile evakopriemnikov umthamo opheleleyo we-15,000 iibhedi yexesha elizeleyo. isiseko Hospital of the Western Front ukuba kuqashwe abasebenzi kwizikhundla ezimbini ndlela ezimbini ngobungxamo. Umthamo lilonke kwisiseko esibhedlele yafikelela iibhedi 42,000. Xa wenze wokuqala advantageously eziku izibhedlele entsimini, kwaye kwenqanaba wayo wesibini - phantse kuphela izibhedlele ngobungxamo.

kohola feat kwiMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic umsebenzi wabo zamaqhawe ngemihla. iinzame inkonzo yonyango esisiseko kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa kamsinya kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba kuphunywe ababuleweyo kwaye uyagula ukusuka kwiindawo ezibe ziphantsi kwesoyikiso abanjwe lutshaba, ukunika uncedo lwezempilo. A imali ethe endleleni ababuleweyo, nokuxhalabisa avareji yokwenzakala bahlala kwinkonzo. nelahleko ebonakalayo zonyango, baza ukususela ekuqaleni counter uxambuliswano nabaphumi-esibizwa kunye fronts Western, kwakhokelela ekubeni efumene ubuncinane 150-200 ababuleweyo ngosuku, yaye ngemihla empini enzima - ukuya ku-350-400.

Pharmacy

Oogqirha kwiMfazwe Patriotic Enkulu (1941-1945) walwa kuphela imiphambili. iingxaki ezinkulu, ngamanye amaxesha enzima kunene, wanika namalungiselelo kwiikhemesti amayeza ebalulekileyo. ukwenza phezu izinto zonyango wawunzima yi kukuba kukho squad umxhelo, oosokhemisti, oogqirha wemka umkhosi. Inani oosokhemisti zokusebenza ezikhemisti, abehle enesiqingatha 1941-1942.

Unikezelo ecwangcisiweyo kweemveliso xo ekhemesti, amayeza baphazamise nzulu: inkoliso kwiinkampani kwishishini lezonyango zatshatyalaliswa okanye bakhutshwe. Kunye kokuqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kwikhemesti zomkhosi linabasebenzi oosokhemisti ikakhulu ziyilelwe ukuba badibane myezo. Inkoliso yabo Ndandingafundanga zoxubo lesibini soze bakhonza emkhosini. Inxalenye ebonakalayo ukusebenza kwakukho abafazi, waphumelela ixesha mfutshane yokufunda kwizikolo ekhemesti. A Inani lezithuba kwi Pharmacy kwakukho paramedics ezixakekileyo.

ubunzima ekhethekileyo abanamava iintloko zomkhosi of Pharmacy umntu omnye ezimele zonke izikhundla abasebenzi. Ukongezelela imisebenzi yabo kwezomsebenzi wobungcali, babeza oosokhemisti kunye imisebenzi yasekhaya. Sami uxwebhu ezibhaliweyo amayeza, izisombululo zintsholongwane, ikhemesti ukuhlamba izitya. Kunye neemfuno lomkhosi ukulungiselela ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza kwafuneka afunde uhamba. Igalelo kumagqirha ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic kwakubaluleke kuphela phambili, kodwa kuthungelwano ekhemesti.

Umzekelo wenkonzo

Imbali Second World War esisityebi enyanisweni, indima yokuba umntu kuchaphazela isiphelo amawaka. Ngenduku wokusindisa ubomi kunye nokugcina ubuchule ukusebenza amajoni ababuleweyo ndandimncedisa oogqirha bezonyango kwiMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Photo avelele iingcali kunokubonwa kwi ncoko eendaba, iimyuziyam, i-Internet. Umzekelo Ugqirha obalaseleyo kunye nomququzeleli Vasiliya Vasilevicha Uspenskogo.

Ugqirha onesiphiwo kwabangela isibhedlele yesithili Kashin emva kokuba umsebenzi zomthonyama esibizwa lakhe (ngoku yaseTver). Ngelo xesha yena ugqirha esibhedlele, izibhedlele zokufudusa umcebisi ezifakwe kwisixeko Kashin, iilali ezikufutshane bakhutshwe esibhedlele esi sixeko yengingqi. Yaba nguye lowo wasebenza edume pilot-hero A. P. Mareseva. Kwisibhedlele Vasily Kashin uququzelele Igazi Station amagqirha nezesayensi.

Ngowe-1943, V. Uspensky wabuyela esibizwa, apho ahlela isibhedlele ezizodwa, apho kudlule abantwana ngaphezu kwama 3,000 eyenziwa moya ukusuka ngasemva utshaba. esibhedlele Le bantwana kwaziwa ngaphandle elizweni. Ngokukodwa, ulungiselelo kwingcinga ngolangazelelo waphendula noNkosikazi Clementine Churchill - umfazi British Prime Minister.

Ukunakekela amehlo

Kwi amanxeba edabini kunye nokwenzakala kwamehlo kwenzeka rhoqo. Phakathi amajoni ababuleweyo baphathwa, okwabangela nani likhulu kwezigulane eziyingozi kunye bullet amanxeba ezahlukeneyo ubungozi kufuneka uqhaqho. Kuphela kwizibhedlele Saratov ngexesha lemfazwe, oogqirha ezikhethekileyo ofisi lwamehlo kunye neekliniki zezifo iliso ziye zanceda ukubuyisela amehlo ngo-1858 no-479 izigulane longxwelerhiweyo.

igalelo elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso iindlela unyango kwi edabini xa yokulimala kwamehlo, kwakunye isifo kwaye afumane unyango yokwenzakala iliso ebudeni bokuhlala esibhedlele babe ngabasebenzi beSebe kunye Clinic Zeliso, ikhokelwa ngu uNjingalwazi I. A. Belyaevym. Saratov oogqirha ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II eziphuculweyo kakhulu Uxilongo kunye ayini izifo yokukrala iliso, kwi imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla yokuziqhelisa ophthalmologists ukuba basebenzise ubuchwepheshe obutsha.

Indlela yokusombulula ingxaki ukunqongophala kwamayeza

ubuqhawe zonyango ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic kwaye wabonakaliswa ngasemva. Eli lizwe uhlangabezane ukunqongophala nokoyika izibonelelo zonyango, ngoko lo msebenzi ukuvuselela ishishini lamachiza, kuba inkoliso yatshatyalaliswa ekuqalekeni imfazwe. Ebudeni bexesha elifutshane lokuhanjiswa lwamayeza wakwazi ukuseka.

Oku lula ngu:

• Ukushukumisa inani elikhulu lamashishini zamashishini kwemichiza-zoxubo e Central Asia. Oku kukhokelele ekuyilweni iqela kwimpuma kwishishini kwemichiza kunye zamayeza, leyo uye phezu umthwalo engundoqo ekunikeni amayeza iindlela.
• amazwe ukunceda awodwa anti-zwilakhe. Intsebenziswano uvunyelwe uku nyuka ukuhlela onamandla release streptotsida, Sulfidine kunye sulfazola, ethyl chloride kunye nesoda pharmacopoeia.
• Yokuqhelanisa kwakhona ishishini amashishini non-core. Out of imeko yokunqongophala zokubopha negalelo noshishino lwempahla eyolukiweyo mveliso, eyaqala ukuvelisa igozi zonyango. Kwakhona, amashishini ezininzi kushishino yemichiza ye waqalisa ukukhulula abasemagunyeni zempilo iziyobisi ampoule: iadrenaline, caffeine, iswekile, morphine, kunye nezinye pantopon.
• Ukwenziwa kwezilungiso imithi ezingeni kwezityalo ezingamayeza. Kuphela entwasahlobo ka-1942 sele iqokelelwe malunga 50 neetoni ezingamashumi amathathu anesithandathu iintlobo zezityalo ezingamayeza. Izazinzulu ziye ukusungulwa indlela yokutshintshwa bomqhaphu zonyango ngewulu apha moss umgquba, sphagnum moss kunye nemisipres wavuka ioli ukuntywiliselwa endaweni zemveli nemisedare waba ezinqongopheleyo.

Ukuphuhliswa amachiza amatsha

oogqirha ababhinqileyo ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II waba negalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso amayeza amatsha kakuhle kakhulu. Isisombululo ebalulekileyo yayikukufumana iqela zezazinzulu Soviet ikhokelwa nguNjingalwazi Z. V. Ermolevoy iisampuli zokuqala penicillin. Iqela Uphando oluqhutywe Ermoleva dyondza isiphumo konwaywa ichiza elitsha "penicillin krustozin VIEM" kwi amanxeba kunye nezigulo nenxeba esibhedlele entsimini, kufutshane kwiimfazwe, kwizibhedlele ngasemva.

Central Institute of Epidemiology kunye Microbiology, leyo ephethwe uProfesa MK Krontovskaya, ubuchule ubuchule kwemveliso yesifo lokugonya. Abantu Commissariat ye-USSR waqonda ukuba ibe sisixhobo sisebenzayo ekulweni yesifo yakini ngelo xesha, waza wagqiba ukusebenzisa serum entsha ngezinga elikhulu.

izinto zesayensi ngokubaluleka ihlabathi uphuhliso umqeshwa iLeningrad Institute of Igazi, uNjingalwazi G. L. Bogomolov indlela ngumkhenkce-omiswe of plasma. Waye ithuba ukungalwazi iqela wegazi owenzakeleyo ukuba atofele ngeedosi ezinkulu ichiza ekuthiwa "plasma owomileyo" evela kubalizi. Kule ndlela, ukutofelwa igazi iguqulelwa ibe ngumgubo othi ugcinwe ixesha elide yaye ihanjiswa kakuhle.

feat amanesi

Ngexesha angels imfuno abongikazi engaboni kakuhle. Xa ngokungqinelana noMthetho weRhafu Health wenza ekuqeqesheni abasebenzi abalupheleyo. Kude 1945 ICRC liqeqeshe 500,000 orderlies zonyango, 300,000 abongikazi, ngaphezu kwama-170 000 oogqirha. Xa ukufa ebusweni, ngenkalipho wothule kwabangxwelerhiweyo ukusuka kwiimfazwe ukuwancedisa.

Uyakwazi ukuthetha izenzo zobuqhawe, ujonge bayahlelwa abongikazi nomkhosi uMarines n Demina. Ukhozo ikhaya labantwana, wakhonza ebhodini yonyango "Red Moscow", nto leyo ukuwela wabangxwelerhiweyo ukusuka Stalingrad ukuya Krasnovodsk. Ubomi emva ngokukhawuleza udiniwe, uCatherine wagqiba ukuba ngumongikazi 369 nomkhosi eyahlukileyo afohlela. Ekuqaleni, lo paratroopers wathabatha intombazana epholileyo, kodwa yena liyifumene intlonipho. Kuba lonke ixesha UCatherine wasindisa ubomi abangaphezu kwe-100 ababuleweyo, wabatshabalalisa malunga 50 fascists, yaye waba 3 balimala. E. I. Deminu kwaqatshelwa iimbasa ezininzi.

Kwi Second World War i-Red Cross iye bahlangabezana ngokuphumelelayo ukufunda ngokukhawuleza abongikazi kunye orderlies, nokuzincama, ububele nothando iLizwe loobawo wanceda abasebenzi bezempilo ukunika ababuleweyo kwakhona uze ubuyele ngaphambili. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba benze konke okusemandleni ukuze aphumelele.

wamagama

oogqirha yiSoviet kwiMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, wasebenza nezimanga, ubeke phezu iinyawo mlilo belimele. Ngokutsho manani ukusuka kwizibhedlele zethu kule nkqubo isetyenziswe ngaphezu kwe-70% wavuma ukuba unyango. Umzekelo: ugqirha yaseJamani wakwazi ukubuyela umkhosi,% 40 kuphela bancwine abahlatyiweyo.