Uwuphi umehluko phakathi komthi kunye nesihlahla? Makhe sifumane impendulo yalo mbuzo

Kwiplanethi yethu, kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zityalo: imithi, izihlahla kunye neentlobo ze-herbaceous. Bonke baneempawu zabo. Iingcambu zilula ukuhlula phakathi kwemithi nemithi. Kodwa ezimbini zokugqibela iintlobo azikwazi ukwahlukana. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukumisa, yintoni umehluko phakathi komthi kunye nesihlahla? Ukwenza oku, ukuqala oko kuya kuba kuhle ukwenza izicwangciso eziphambili zezi zityalo.

Ziziphi iimpawu zemithi?

Abo bangayazi indlela yokwahlula umthi ovela kwisiqithi, kuya kuba kuhle ukujwayelana neziganeko ezi ziintlobo. Apha, akuzona zonke izinto ezinzima. Imithi ibizwa ngokuba yizityalo ezingapheliyo, into ekhethekileyo yinto enokuthi ithathwa njengotyligified trunk. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iintlobo ze-coniferous kunye nemithi yesundu zinendawo enkulu. Idlala indima ye-axis yesityalo kwaye yenze isithsaba. Kwaye imithi enomnqweno inomthi onqamlekileyo. Inani elipheleleyo leentlobo ezivela kuluhlu olucatshangelwayo kwilizwe lihlukaniswe libe ngamaqela amabini aphezulu. Iyokuqala i-coniferous. Kwakhona kuthiwa yi-primitive. Ezi zilandelayo zidibanisa iindidi ezisezantsi, ezabonakala emva kwee- coniferous izityalo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokwemigaqo apho imithi ivuselela amahlamvu awo, ikwahlukana ibe ziintlobo. Ezi zizityalo ezinqabileyo ezilahla ikhava yazo ekuwa. Baye bahlaziywa entwasahlobo. Imithi e-Evergreen ithatha indawo yamacembe onke ngonyaka, ngokuqhubekayo kunye ncinane. Ezi mpawu kufuneka ziziwe. Baya kunceda ukuqonda ukuba yintoni eyahlula umthi ovela kwisiqithi.

Isakhiwo somthi

Ngokungafani nesiqithi, umthi uneengxenye ezintathu ezihlukileyo: inkqubo yeengcambu, i-trunk ephezulu kunye nesithsaba. Makhe siwaqwalasele ngokubanzi.

Inkqubo yenkcazo ifihliwe phantsi komhlaba (99%). Kulo, njengesikhonkwane, igcina isityalo emhlabathini, kwaneendawo ezithe tye. Yingakho rhoqo, ukuqinisa iintlambo zamatonga okanye iindawo zokulwa, zityalwa ngemithi. Ngoncedo lweengcambu, izityalo zithatha izondlo kunye namanzi emhlabeni. Kukho imithi enokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezimbi kwaye ikhule ngoko kuthiwa ingcambu zomoya. Baphatha amanzi emoyeni baze bathathe inxaxheba kwi-photosynthesis.

I-trunk ijoliswe ngokukodwa ekusebenzeni imisebenzi yezothutho. Kungenxa yoko ukuba izinto ezimbiwa ngamaminerali kunye namanzi zihanjiswa. Okwangoku, lizalisekisa umsebenzi wokuxhasa umthi kwaye luhlobo "lokugcina" lokugcina izondlo. I-trunk igutyungelwe ikhefu ekhethekileyo-ibhakede. Kufuneka ukukhusela umthi kwimiphumo yokushisa, umoya, ilanga kunye nezinambuzane eziyingozi. Ngoko ke, sinokuthi umda omkhulu phakathi komthi kunye nesiqithi yi-trunk.

Isithsaba, eqinisweni-yiyonke inani lamahlumela kunye namagqabi esityalo esibuzwayo. Umsebenzi walo oyintloko kukuba uthathe inxaxheba kwi-photosynthesis.

Yintoni ihlathi?

Izitshalo zibiza izityalo ezingapheliyo ngamasebe athile azinzileyo. Kodwa ngokungafani nemithi, ubude bexesha elithile eliphakathi kwamahlathi angama-20. Nangona kunjalo, inepropathi yokuvuselela. Ukusuka kwingcambu yayo, ihlumela elitsha likhula, ngokukhawuleza lenze isityalo esitsha. Iingqimba zingaba zi-0.5 ukuya kwi-6 m ukuphakama. Zihlala zisetyenziselwa njengentambo . Njengamahlathi afana ne-coniferous and deciduous, i-undergrowth yenziwe kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezihlahla. Phakathi kwezilwanyana eziqhelekileyo, iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zi-currants, i-gooseberries, i-barberries, i-lilacs.

Ulwakhiwo lwehlathi

Okokuqala, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba izityalo ezithandwayo zingenazo izihlahla. Le nto yintloko, yintoni eyahlula umthi kwihlathi. Ukusuka kwingcambu kukhule amasebe aphambili. Ukusuka kubo, amasebe asekondari angakwazi ukufaka isango kunye njalo njalo. Ngokubhekiselele kwinkqubo yeengcambu, amahlathi ayenobumba obufanayo: ukuba isityalo sakhula sisuka kwimbewu, ngoko sinezimpande ezichazwe. Ukuba ukuveliswa kwenzelwa ngendlela yezityalo, ngoko inkqubo yenkcaso inesimo somlilo. Le ngcaciso ingaba luncedo xa ukhetha izithombo. Uninzi lwezihlahla, ngakumbi imithi yezithelo, zinezimpande ezikhula ezinzulwini eziphantsi (ukuya kuma-20-25 cm). Kodwa kukho izityalo ezibuya emva kwe-1.5 m.

Iintlukwano ezinkulu

Kuye kwathethwa kakade malunga nendlela yokuchaza umthi. Ukusuka ehlathini ezi zityalo ziyahlukahluka phambi kwetraki. Oku kuyona nto elula kwaye ibonakala kakhulu kwisakhiwo. Ukuba ezihlahleni ezivela kwimizi eyodwa zingakhula amasebe athile aphantsi, ngoko umthi ubonakaliswe kwisiqu esisodwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo imithi ihlala ixesha elide. Ukuphakama kwabo emyingeni ngamaxesha amaninzi kunomlinganiselo wehlathi. Nangona kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, kukho iziganeko ezingawa phantsi kwenkcazo. Ukongezelela, umahluko kukuba loo mahlathi anakho ukuvuselela, ngokungafani nemithi. Inkqubo yeengcambu zezityalo zokugqibela zinamandla kakhulu, zinamandla kwaye zinkulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu basebenzisa izitshalo ngendlela yohlaselo, umthombo wesithelo okanye ukukhutshwa kwamachiza. Inkuni, phakathi kwezinye izinto, isetyenziswa njengemithi. Le nto ibaluleke kakhulu kubaluleke kakhulu kwiintlobo ezithile zoshishino kunye nokwakhiwa. Ngoko, safumanisa ukuba yintoni eyahlula umthi ukusuka kwisiqithi.