Vactrain: ukusebenza umgaqo, uvavanyo. uloliwe elizayo

Oosonzuluwazi kudala zagqiba ukuba ukunyusa isantya intshukumo nasiphi na isithuthi kufuneka kunokwenzeka ukucinezela ifuthe kunobunye. Ngokwalo mgaqo ukuba nangeziphekepheke ukuba ngaphandle bume uxhathiso ezihamba isithuba ixesha elide, iphaphazela. Olu phawu sisiseko le projekthi eyaziwa njenge "elizayo vactrain."

Lo loliwe fastest

Le mpumelelo liphezulu izazinzulu entsimini lweentshukumo komhlaba-high speed, njengoko kunjalo namhla ingqalelo levitation ngemagnethi. oololiwe levitation Magnetic wahlolwa eJapan, eNgilani kunye Germany emva yoma zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Okwangoku, eli hlobo yezothutho esebenza kumazwe amaninzi ngempumelelo. Kulo mzekelo, ngokunciphisa usukuzwano ezinikezelwa yi isantya ngaphakathi 500 km / h. Ngaphezu koko, loo isitokhwe ngokoqoqosho kakhulu, ubunyulu eziphilayo nengxolo ephantsi. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ukwanda isantya intshukumo iquka ukwanda side. Izazinzulu idini indlela efanayo ukwenza uloliwe cleaner. Umgaqo zayo zokusebenza kukuba nengoma kufuneka athathe indawo ngaphakathi ityhubhu kokuphuma, ukuze yonke imikhosi ukuxhathisa ababandakanywa.

Ukuvela ingcamango yokuba izithuthi cleaner

Ingcamango yokwakha gruzoprovoda Intambo lonikezelo iimpahla ukusuka eYurophu ukuya eMelika kunye ubuyele okwesihlandlo sokuqala Wabonakala US emva gqira zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Njengoko izicwangciso, ukwakhiwa ulwandle kubunzulu wesiqingatha umbhobho ngekhilomitha, ngaphakathi apho buyo kuya kuphunyezwa ngenxa nemixube ihamba levitation ngemagnethi. Kuphela ngo 1999 injineli American Deriel Oster wakwazi ukufumana ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza ukuba iteknoloji zothutho ezincamathelayo yemibhobho usinike umfutho omtsha kuphuhliso lwabo.

project Oster

Njengoko izicwangciso Oster, kwingoma kufuneka umbhobho ezimbini emoyeni (intshukumo ephambana), netoti ngasinye sazo 150 cm. Kucingelwa ukuba ngaphakathi njengezingxobo uzofaka i- zothutho. ububanzi yabo iya kuba 130 cm, kwaye ubude -. erhuqwayo-490 cm nga ngaxeshanye ukuhambisa abakhweli ezintandathu umthwalo ukukhathaza ukuya kwi 370 kg.

Injini ezincamathelayo Oster loliwe uya kuba zamabanga (zixhotyiswe kwenyukwa tracks ityhubhu) kunye aphakamileyo (ngokwayo umzimba philisi of a intsila ferromagnetic) izinto ezifunekayo. Ukususwa Ubuncinane phakathi kwabo evumela ukusetyenziswa yoqheliso motor yomgama. Xa trailer kufuneka ufake kuphela ukunqunyanyiswa electrodynamic ukuba levitation magnetic, inkqubo umoya ngokutsha, izitulo kunye neebhetri ezincinane ziyilelwe windows virtual nomabonakude. Ekubeni intshukumo philisi luya kuqhubeka ngokwenza ngaphandle ukuxhathisa, inxalenye enkulu amandla ndidleke kuphele, ngenxa lunikezelo zingabuyiswa ngexesha unyathela. kuyekela ekhaya ivela ubunyani yale projekthi iza kuxhomekeka kukuba uloliwe kwityhubhu cleaner kufuneka bahambe emgceni ngokugqibeleleyo ngqo. Kungenjalo, le abasebenza kufuneka kubuyekezelwe amandla centrifugal xa cornering.

project Swiss

Into efana iinjineli ukusuka eSwitzerland waqalisa ukuba kwangethuba 1974. Iprojekthi yabo waziwa ngokuba Swissmetro. Njengoko kwanziwe izicwangciso, njengezingxobo levitation magnetic elibinzayo ngesantya ukuya ku-500 km / h. Swiss elizayo vactrain eyenzelwe ngenjongo ukudibanisa imizi emikhulu karhulumente (Bern, Zurich, Geneva, Lausanne kunye Basel). Kulo mzekelo, ukusetyenziswa okucwangcisiweyo umbhobho ka-180 cm kunye-buyo ezisibhozo izithuthi zikawonkewonke. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, nzima kugweba ezinye iimpawu, ngokuba le projekthi sele engazanga idalwe ngaphandle ekugqibeleni. Ngo-2009, urhulumente bamshiya ingcamango.

IsiNgesi elizayo train

iinjineli British ngo-2002, wabuyela projekthi wokudala uloliwe cleaner. izicwangciso zabo nje grand, ngokuba nabasunguli ufuna ukwenza uthungelwano oluya endaweni kaloliwe kunye yezothutho ezindleleni. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka sakhe web lemibhobho kwilizwe liphela. Ngaloo njengezingxobo ziyilelwe ubuninzi abakhweli ezimbini ibekwe kwindawo lisalele. Ngokungafaniyo iiprojekthi edlulileyo uzibhuqa yimiqolo sihambise ngesantya ukuya ku 420 km / h. Isendaweni phezu iilori iinjini ziya sinokubanamandla yi umzila wesithathu. Le ethile engundoqo, nto leyo eye IsiNgesi vactrain, ngokutsho abaphuhlisi, inxulunyaniswa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla high umkhweli nganye, xa kuthelekiswa kwiiprojekthi zangaphambili. Kwelinye icala, inzuzo yayo ephambili iindleko asezantsi noko zolwakhiwo network zothutho.

project Hyperloop

Zonke kubonakala iprojekthi Uloliwe nekusasa ebizwa Hyperloop. Ingcamango yendalo kwayo ngo-2012, iye wahambisa Billionaire American uElon must. Ekuqaleni, le projekthi ibizwa ngokuba imo wesihlanu zothutho, kodwa ezinye iingxoxo kumabonakude ekufikelelwa kuyo. Lwakuba nje bakuqiqa izicwangciso zikarhulumente zokwakha indawo umzila kaloliwe-high speed phakathi Los Angeles and San Francisco, lo somashishini uyichole ukuphunyezwa kombono walo. Iprojekthi Hyperloop imele umgca komhlaba, apho uloliwe ezincamathelayo unako ukuhamba ngesantya of ukusuka 400 ukuya 1220 km / h. Ngo-Agasti 2013 i-mbono thaca ngokusesikweni kuluntu kule ntetho inamaphepha 58.

isimiso ukusebenza

Ingcamango ephambili yale projekthi Hyperloop cheapness ubuninzi nokudala uthungelwano lwezothutho yemibhobho nokuxhatshazwa ngakumbi. Kulo mba, eziqinileyo ukubeka indlela efanayo njengoko uloliwe cleaner. EUnited States, ngokutsho Umsunguli wathi, imfuneko ukwakha uthungelwano iindlela ezivaliweyo parallel eziya ukudibanisa ekupheleni ingongoma indlela. Ukudala emoyeni kuso nokugcina ngayo Imibhobho ephakathi yentsimbi ngokwaneleyo 25 mm iimpompo umthamo babulingana nesandla nezisezantsi. Ngaphakathi kuzo Elon must inikeza ukuba silubaleke philisi ukuya kwiimitha ezili-30 ubude. Lo somashishini yokuqala ufuna uqhagamshelo San Francisco kunye Los Angeles.

Ngokutsho umphuhlisi, ukudala emoyeni egqibeleleyo kwimibhobho fail. Malunga nalo moya mass kuyobe iyahanjiswa phantsi ezantsi kaloliwe ngokusebenzisa amanzi esatsiba ekhethekileyo nakwisaphetha sakhe. Oku kuya kudala umqamelo umoya kwaye ugcine imali eninzi ezifunekayo ukuphumeza le electromagnet. Ukuze uyitshaje injini, ngenxa apho philisi ziya kuqhutywa qho km 110 emgangathweni yombhobho ziya kufakwa aluminiyam kaloliwe oziimitha ezili-15 ubude.

Ezahlukeneyo yokusebenza kwenkqubo

Le ntetho lihlola umkhweli nomkhweli-imithwalo uhlelo lwenkqubo. Kwimeko yokuqala kucetywa ukuba ukwakha umbhobho we 2.23 m. Vactrain ngaphakathi sangqa nga ngexesha uhambo enye ukuthwala abakhweli 28. Le ukhetho yesibini iquka ukusetyenziswa umbhobho ngu 3.3 m. Kulo mzekelo, kungenziwa olunye kuthuthwa iimoto ezithathu capsule nganye. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iprojekthi uElon must Uloliwe Utyeshelo ziya kuba zonke ngomzuzu isiqingatha.

ukusebenza Economic and trial

project Hyperloop linokuchazwa yimpumelelo gqitha. Developers abanenjongo ukwanelisa ngokupheleleyo iimfuno zabo ngeendleko amandla elanga kunye nomoya. yonke intsalela yayo becwangcisela ukuthengisa, waziwa ngayo malunga $ 25 yezigidi ngonyaka. Ngokutsho uElon must, iindleko zehambo kwicala elinye kufuneka ziya kuba malunga nama-20 zeerandi. Kulo mzekelo, le projekthi iya kuba nemiphumo emihle kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini.

Iimvavanyo zokuqala uloliwe ezincamathelayo kwenzeka ngoMeyi 2016. Ukulungiselela le njongo, kukho indawo uvavanyo ekhethekileyo yakhiwa entlango kufuphi Las Vegas. Sibona usebenzisa abasebenza kuqala ekhawulezayo ukuya kumgangatho we-180 km / h, ngoko zayeka ngokuthe ngcembe.

ukuphepha

Developers basabela zokhuseleko ngenyameko. njengezingxobo intshukumo akuyi kuchaphazela nangentuthuzelo abakhweli. Uziva akayi kuba ezahlukeneyo ukusuka run-moya ngaphambi kokuba uthabathe-off, uze lunikezelo wayo - glide cwaka yaye akukho lokungazinzi. UElon must uthi ukuba uloliwe ezincamathelayo akakwazi kuyosho okanye ziwe kubude, ngoko ke kufuneka kuqwalaselwe njengenye ukuba iindlela ezikhuselekileyo zezithuthi. Kwimeko emanxebani uyilawulayo philisi enikiweyo iibhetri, amandla kwanele zabakhweli ukuphila imizuzu engama-45, ngamanye amazwi - ukubhabha umzila. Ngapha koko, abantu abaninzi bakholisekile kakhulu zehambo kwi-moya, nangona iindlela zokuphuma xa kukho intlekele ukuba imibuzo.

ukugqitywa

Ukudala uloliwe lwepolitiki, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, ifuna iindleko ezinkulu zemali. Ukongeza, kufuneka isigqibo Lunyawukile yingxaki lobuchule phambi kokuba ngemfezeko le projekthi. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lethu, ngenxa kuphuhliso rhoqo zobugcisa, ubuchule ukuphumeza eli cebo ikhangeleka ayikho mfiliba nje kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo. Kule nkalo, akumangalisi ukuba kwixesha elifutshane ukuthutha abakhweli kunye oololiwe iimpahla kusetyenziswa ziya, leyo ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu moya supersonic mihla.