Womzobo "Black Square" yi Malevich: intsingiselo umfanekiso, inkcazelo

ubomi iminyaka elikhulu elinamanci eyadlulayo, la magama mabini benza ingqiqo, ngokunganikezeli ubaphumzile abantu abakhulu abaninzi. Womzobo "Black Square" nasiphi na angaphandle engahlawulwayo - umsebenzi Russian edume ngobugcisa - uphawu ingcamango ixesha elide ngaphambi ixesha ngenkulungwane XX ngokukhawuleza.

cataclysms era lomculi

Kazimir Severinovich Malevich waphila ubomi bam, efanayo ubuncinane ukuya isiphelo a charlatan ekrelekrele yobuciko, ubeke usukelo ukuze zizityebi ngokuthengisa iingcamango abstruse, uphawu leyo ibonwa kakhulu "iingcali" ukupeyinta ngu Malevich "Black Square". Wazalwa ngo-1879 eKiev, xa umphathi omkhulu kwimveliso usapho-mveliso iswekile. Lo yayingumnqweno ukuba ukususela ebuntwaneni, kodwa ingeniso ephantsi akavumelekanga ukuba bafumane imfundo rhoqo, kwanyanzeleka ekuqaleni ukuqala ebomini ukusebenza njenge draftsman.

E Kursk, apho wafudukela nentsapho Malevich, wahlela isangqa bathanda imizobo waza waqalisa ukulungiselela ukungena Moscow School of Umzobo, leyo wazama ukuyenza ngo-1905 - ke naniswele imfundo esesikweni. Nangona Casimir wayesele nentsapho, wafudukela eMoscow, wayefundisa owayephumelele kwisikolo sabucala ye-Imperial Academy of Arts F. I. Rerberga kokubonakalayo inxaxheba kumsebenzi imibutho yezobugcisa, maxa wambi eyona ngokupheleleyo - ezifana 'Jack of Diamonds "," Umsila Donkey kaThixo " , "umkhweli Blue" njalo njalo. d.

ixesha search

New Era uyekwa amaxabiso endala. ingqiqo ukulahlekelwa nezici graphic zobugcisa zokubala uxwebhu ixesha wayithabatha ifoto kunye abanazo umboniso, atsho amagcisa ukuba uzame ngawo le fomu. revolution kwezentlalo nezoqoqosho wenza awungeni izihloko njengesiqhelo, ngokubonakalayo eziphembelela khangela canvases isiqulatho esitsha.

Malevich wahlala phakathi ubomi wengcibi kuphenjelelwe iintsingiselo ezininzi eziphambili: wabhala komhlaba impressionistic, wathabatha inxaxheba izenzo impikiswano lwe Futurists (umz - ehamba phezu Bridge Kuznetsky kunye amacephe ngomthi buttonholes abo), zipeyintwe indlela cubism, livelise isimbo lakhe - "abstruse ngokoqobo ", wayila impapasho iimbongi ezininzi avant-garde ezifana A. ejijekileyo kunye Velimir Khlebnikov. Kunye Mayakovsky yakhululwa "umhlabelo, namhlanje ', ibonisa ukuba iziganeko leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi.

"Uloyiso phezu Sun"

ezenzekayo emva ngowe-1913, kuye kubekho kakhulu wagqiba ubomi creative of Malevich. E St. Petersburg yasingatha "Lokuqala All-Russian Congress of Futurists", ubuhanjelwe ngabantu abathathu: i Umsunguli ulwimi olutsha - "zaum" - Aleksey Kruchonyh, lweli dissonance zomculo Michael Matyushin kunye iqela esebenzayo yokudweba yokomfuziselo Kazimir Malevich. Isiphumo womsebenzi aphefumlelweyo imidlalo ezimbini opera "Uloyiso phezu Ilanga", kubandakanywa kwimbali avant-garde art. Ivela apha ekuqaleni Malevich ukupeyinta "Black Square" - ngumba ezifana wavela nje umzobo ukuba ubuhle ukuba isenzo 1st of the opera.

Lo mxholo uphambili opera yaba ukuzalwa entsha, injini elizayo, apho kungenziwa kuphela xa intshabalalo epheleleyo kwihlabathi elidala. Lo mxholo kuthwelwe abadlali non-zobungcali izinxibo fantastic ngokusekelwe imizobo ngu Malevich, bathi usithe, kodwa 'ububhanxa "ezichazayo, intshukumo phakathi ubuhle emangalisayo phantsi izandi ezinzima atonal itsalwa ithile ngepiyano ekhathazekile. Le midlalo lwaphela scandal, t. E. Injongo kuye kwaphunyezwa.

"0,10" umbukiso

Ayephila waphawula ubuchule Malevich ukuba sibumbane ngeenxa zonke kuye amagcisa zidibene ukwenza iingcinga. Kodwa ngenxa abalandeli bakhe ukuba qashi umboniso ngokupheleleyo 39 Imizobo ezilungiselelwe lo mboniso, wawavulayo ngoDisemba 19, 1915 egalari N. Dobychina on the Champ de Mars e Petrograd. Igama "Zero Ten" kwakuthetha zero njongo kwi imizobo kwanababonisi ezilishumi (nangona bekukho 14). Yaba ixesha lokuqala kwakukho umfanekiso 'ibhokisi elimnyama "- ifoto sitsala kuye kwi" kwikona ebomvu ", apho ngokuqhelekileyo ibekwe icon. Le igcisa ngokwakhe wayixhoma le ekupeyinteni ngobusuku phambi kokuvulwa, wabhala iipowusta utyikityo, wayilungiselela Manifesto "Ukususela Cubism ku Suprematism. okuchithwa Entsha kufanekisela. " Ngaloo ndlela waba yintloko intshukumo omtsha obugcisa, isimboli lwayo kumzobo "Black Square". Lo mboniso elinyulwe i "Futurist Yokugqibela ', kodwa kwinkcazelo njengoko inguqulelo Suprematism, njengokuba iphakamiswe Malevich, oogxa bakhe bungayelelani - iingcamango olukhulu kakhulu igcisa wamemezela.

Suprematism

Igama livela supremus Latin - aphezulu - supremacja kunye Polish - ephakeme, ukuphakama. Uphuhliso theoretical uhlobo olutsha lwe Malevich uthe malunga ukubusa irrelevance njengoko iimpawu lubalulekileyo uqinisile. Ekhululwa umzobo yokomfuziselo uba isenzo indalo ecocekileyo, ngathi likaThixo, yaye yafaka "Black Square" kule umqondo a pervokletki esemgangathweni, le nto iphambili kwihlabathi elitsha.
Enye intsingiselo yegama elithi ibonisa Malevich ibaluleke kakhulu leyinene entsha wadala yi izixhobo ezinkulu ukuba usebenzisa - imibala, imigca, iintlobo ezilula zejometri. Le mibala yokuqala Suprematist, kuquka imizobo Kazimira Malevicha "Black Square", yaba imizwa ekhethekileyo ngokusekelwe sisincoko umbala ngqo, hayi yomgama egqwethekileyo kunye nombono zasemoyeni, axelise umthamo njalo njalo. D. Kwixesha elizayo, uphuhliso imigaqo esisiseko wathabatha uhlobo negalelo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo - ukwakheka intsimbi supremacist amanani somntu nkqu izinto-ntathu - "architectons" ibinzana abe Malevich izimvo kwesakhiwo elizayo.

Isiseko kwihlabathi elitsha okudalwe umzobi ukuba ibinzana elithi enye enkulu - "Black Square". Intsingiselo umfanekiso atom yaba ixabiso sizimisele kuzo akakheki mapping yehlabathi ekhoyo kunye omtsha, elinye ekhoyo kunye neyantlukwano yehlabathi wanika Izichasi kunye "Black Square". Yintoni na?

Apotheosis of irrelevance

Ngokuvakalisa inkululeko art olunyulu ngokwenene ukubhalwa iimpawu leyinene, igcisa uza baya- ekulahlekeni nayiphi yokomfuziselo, okanye ukukhangela imilo zokuqala, oko akunakwenzeka ukuba ziyahlukana zibe ngamasuntswana abasemthethweni. Le yeyona nto iphambili efumaneka Malevich - "Black Square". Intsingiselo womfanekiso kukuba enombono eziveliswa lilo, akuxhomekekanga isiqulatho zesemantiki, umbutho kunye nehlabathi njongo, iimbekiselo ethile encwadini. Umsebenzi othunyelweyo Wizard akukho lula, oko kufuna uthatho-nxaxheba oyibukeleyo, le ombane lamandla alo ngokomoya, ubukho kuwo ethile kwemithwalo. Kwaye lusoloko engaphenduli iimpendulo ecacileyo, yaye umele indlela entsha ukufumana okuvelayo yobomi, kwaye ukuba injongo art?

Umbala - isiseko yokudweba lwangoku

Isihloko ngokupheleleyo zenkosi yakhe womzobo idumileyo zibonakaliswe yi "Black Suprematist isikwere kwisiqalo emhlophe." Kuba igcisa kunye bulumko apha kubalulekile yonke into, ngokuba nokubaluleka umbala, ngokuyintloko oxhasa i Suprematism. Ungafumana inkcazelo womzobo "Black Square" yi Malevich, apho umbala ipeyinti isicelo ukuya ngelaphu, loo nto umxube oluntsonkothileyo shades ezahlukeneyo, phakathi apho kungekho bezels ecacileyo abamnyama nabamhlophe ebizwa ithemba abangasekhoyo cream ukukhanya.

Kubonakala ukuba wenza kengoku ukuba inkosi, xa wenza manyathelo alandelayo - kolu thotho edume "white elimhlophe" xa imizwa yokudweba isekelwe ubudlelwane umbala ngokungangqalanga phakathi iinqwelomoya. Womzobo "Black Square" - sisibhengezo umbala elibalaseleyo, eyona zinzima, kakhulu, umehluko. Nangona ukuqonda abamnyama ngenxa yale ukuxuba imibala yokuqala (kweshushu, ecacicleyo kunye nezinye), kudandalazisa ukubaluleka kwesi sibhengezo.

Energy nokukhanya

Akumangalisi ke ukukhankanywa yokuqala isikwere emnyama sibonakala emsebenzini Malevich phezu kuyilo opera lwekamva "Uloyiso phezu Sun". Inkcazelo womzobo "Black Square", ingcaciso kwisiqalo elimhlophe apho ibekwe khona nani ngaphaya eziqinileyo njenge qhuqha ukukhanya kuza isigqubuthelo, kwenzeka igcisa kunye nabaphulaphuli, ingakumbi ngokulungelelanisiweyo ngokwemeko iziganeko ezenzeka kwi opera.

Iyamangalisa indlela Malevich bakwazi ukuqikelela ezitsala eziye mlonyeni emva kwesiqingatha senkulungwane. Ad Reinhardt, Sol LeWitt, akukho mathandabuzo, babehamba endleleni kubonisiwe yi "Black Square". KuMarko Rothko ibala namandla lokungcangcazela ifomu laconic uzuza isikali cosmic, kunye nendlela yokubonisa mandla uyafana Suprematist phantse injalo.

Akwaziwa indlela yayikukuba Malevich kwimigaqo iifom eyenziwe ngumntu, amacala okukhona lula le isikwere, imvelaphi yama- nzi yaye ithemba abamnyama, kodwa into kwenza ukubona umfanekiso ngomzuzu radiation eyimfihlakalo kulowo uba obuphathekayo.

Intlekele eyehlele i-iingcinga, ukuphela art?

Ulwabiwo Banal kweempawu zesiprofeto wobugcisa misebenzi, kodwa kwimeko kusengaphambili Malevich bukaThixo bubonakala. Bekukho yacaca ababephila mibala YeApocalypse, awamnika sona Malevich "Black Square". Intsingiselo njengemifanekiso ndabona ekupheleni ofileyo, leyo izise ubugcisa ukupeyinta, kwaye ingakumbi, uphuhliso ingcamango lwentlalo.

Umsebenzi eliqhelekileyo ubugcisa omhle wavakaliswa lixesha, kwaye isikwere wabona ngenxa yendalo ngokuyilayo uphendlo formalists. Akumangalisi kukho banentsomi yokuba xa wabona "Black Square", uPicasso waphelelwa ngumdla Cubism - Ahambela ukuya ... Musa ukongeza themba lifikile ixesha lemfazwe, kukho umbono ocacileyo kuphazamiseka olululo elizayo.

Kodwa, ukusuka phezulu nexesha ligqithile kwi slogans abayiva Malevich, uva ikhwelo ukufumana iindlela ezintsha, yaye akafuni kubonakala ukwalela iindlela zakudala kokubonisa hlabathi iyatshintsha lubalaseleyo. Oku kungqinwe umsebenzi ngakumbi inkosi kunye nabafundi bakhe ukusebenza iingcamango zakhe.

ukhomba otstcheta

Malevich ngelaphu nangoku Iyandonwabisa abahlalutyi ashinyeneyo, leyo Iyandonwabisa igama womzobi kunye nemali ehlawulwayo ukuze umfanekiso lokuqala - i "abagxeki 'abo baby-virgin ubukrelekrele. Thile ukholelwe ziyakubaluleka zero yobugcisa enjalo. Umngxuma omnyama, iginya umcimbi ukukhanya lwamaxabiso bokwenyaniso ubugcisa, yaye kubonakala kakhulu nabagcini izithethe yokomoya imilinganiselo yokuziphatha.

Ngelo xesha, igama Malevich yaziwa wonke igcisa elizayo, umyili okanye umakhi ehlabathini, Suprematism ubenegalelo artists owayephila edumileyo. Ngokomzekelo, umbhali we iifom ultra-mihla kwizakhiwo yaye singqongwe umntu - Zaha Hadid - igxininisa impembelelo ngezimvo wegcisa Russian kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe.

Yintoni ekufuneka ukuba uyenze umzobo "Black Square"

Uyakwazi ukuphila ubomi ngaphandle ukucinga malunga kakuhle ukutya ubomi obutofotofo, ukubona ihlabathi ngokwahlukileyo kunabanye. Nibuzana nabahlobo kunye neentshaba, ukuba benze abafundi, ukuzama ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwamandla karhulumente uba lihlwempu kunye ekuthinjweni, ukuze sife sisifo esibuhlungu akukabikho ebudaleni nokuguqula umngcwabo yabo share art avant-garde.

Kodwa kutheni nzima izinto? Isinikezeli, kancinci ipeyinti ubuncinane izakhono ukupeyinta - wobugcisa elungele ngokubaluleka yehlabathi. Kwaye nkqu ngcono - wokuhlela ikhompyutha neprinta ezikumgangatho ophezulu - ngoko Ubuthelezi, echanekileyo ngakumbi, sihle ngakumbi ... kwaye okona kubalulekileyo - musa ukwenza umgudu yengqondo engaphezulu, kuba yonke into elula kakhulu ...