World Imbali: Turkey kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II

Turkey kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II wathabatha isikhundla cala kwaye ngokusemthethweni inkxaso naliphi na elinye iqela. Kuphela ngo-1945, eli lizwe zihlasele iJamani ne-Japan. amajoni Turkish akazange athathe inxaxheba kwemfazwe. Kweli nqaku siza kuxubusha imeko yangaphakathi kweli lizwe, yaye unxulumano lobuchule kunye nezinye States kwi-1941 - 1945 biennium. kwaye izame ukumisela indima Turkey kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II.

Imeko kweli lizwe phambi kwemfazwe

Phambi kokuba imiqondiso Second World Turkey ezijolise France kunye England ezithe zavela ukususela 1930, baba umkhwa ngokuthe ngcembe. Umlandeli esebenzayo le layini yaba uMphathiswa Foreign Saracoglu, ngubani wathabatha isithuba ngo-1938. Kanye ku-Epreli 1939, ilawulwa eItali, Albania, Turkey, i-United Kingdom ulungiselele ziziqinisekiso zokhuseleko geqe. Ngo-Oktobha 1939 e Ankara yasayinwa isenzo British-French-Turkish uncedo efanayo. Ngelo xesha, ilizwe izama ukugcina ubudlelwane eJamani. Ngoko ke, June 18, 1941 non-ndlongo Isivumelwano sasayinwa phakathi amagunya. Ngokubanzi, Turkey kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II ukuba ngamaqhinga phakathi zaziibloko ezimbini ukwenzela ukugcina cala.

Turkey kwi lokuqala imfazwe

Kwanangaphambi kokuba umsebenzi German le French imikhosi ziye utshintsho kumgaqo-nkqubo Turkey apho. Isiwe ngokupheleleyo kwindawo cala, ngoxa bemkhanyela sengqondo azithanda eBritani. Nangona kunjalo, lo kokoyiswa France kunye nezinye impumelelo zomkhosi nezopolitiko iJamani wakhokela urhulumente lizwe ukuze ixoxe ubunkokeli kaHitler. Baya kufikelele wokutyikitywa 18 Juni 1941 kwi ubuhlobo kunye non-ndlongo sivumelwano. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba phambi iJamani yahlasela ngempumelelo kumazwe Balkan , kwaye kufutshane kakhulu nomda Turkish. Ngelo xesha, e Ankara amarhe isisongelo kunokwenzeka wamajoni eSoviet Union.

Ngoko ke, ngo-1940, ukuthatha inxaxheba Turkey kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II bakhohlwa. Urhulumente waqhubeka ipolisi ukujika, ngokutyikitya isivumelwano amaqela alwayo. indawo Turkish uba eqinisekileyo ngakumbi emva kokungena yiSoviet Union emfazweni.

Turkey ngo 1941

June 22, 1941 Germany uthulele phantsi eSoviet Union igalelo enamandla. Urhulumente inkulu lagaxeleka ungquzulwano kwezomkhosi ehlabathini. Emva kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe German-Soviet Turkey wegqitha Juni 25, 1941 eSoviet inqaku karhulumente, nto leyo engqina cala layo. Ankara iye yaqhubeka ukubambelela izibophelelo zabo. Kodwa kule minyaka ilandelayo, ingakumbi emva kokuba ingcinezelo yiSoviet kwizizwana yamaMuslim eCrimea neCaucasus, i-luvo anti-yiSoviet banda Turkey.

Turkey ngo-1942 - 1945 gg:. Imeko yangaphakathi

Ngaphandle kokuba eTurkey kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II akwenze, ungquzulwano bachaphazeleka kakhulu imeko yezoqoqosho kweli lizwe. Rhoqo ukwanda ubungakanani umkhosi (ngo-1942 sasifana amajoni million 1 kunye namagosa). imali Military ngo-1945 "wadla" malunga nesiqingatha mali yelizwe. Turkey ngexesha Second World War waba ukwehla kwezoqoqosho, ezolimo kunye nenkcubeko. Oku kwakubangelwa kobunzima ukubizwa kunye nokwaziswa amakhadi isonka e Ankara kunye Istanbul. Esi sixeko baphulukana izandla zabo, kwaye ixabiso le mveliso ezininzi eziyimfuneko bakhula. Ngowe-1942 waba waqalisa irhafu yepropati leyo eyayiqokelelwe kubanini propati kunye noosomashishini ingeniso. Oku kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni kukuqiniswa yeengxaki zemali, oko ezinxulumene kakubi kwamagosa.

Imeko yezopolitiko kweli lizwe

Turkey ngexesha Second World War on ngokuvela nobuzwe - Turkism. Oku kubonakala nje kuphela kwizicwangciso-nkqubo angaphandle le-Elite, leyo enxulumene USSR. Oku kwaboniswa ngokucacileyo amanyathelo lwangaphakathi ngurhulumente Turkish, sijoliswe ngcinga Pan-Turkism, omnye ecetywayo yi baseTurkey Young kunye ingqiqo ubuhlanga entsha yaphuhliswa Atsyz Nehalem River.

Ukususela 1940 ukuya 1945 vilaetah (amaphondo umiwe amaqela eentlanga) isetyenziswa phantsi komthetho ngamajoni. Kulo mba, kukho amaninzi amatyala ngokuthathelwa ngokungenabulungisa kwepropati. Ngo-1942, urhulumente wambumba Sukru Saracoglu, isiqalo ngephulo ebanzi ze izwe isimbo Pan-eTurkey.

Umbuzo ngokungena Turkey ukuya emfazweni

Ukususela ngo-1943, le manyano anti-Hitler na ekuqaleni ukwenza iinzame ukungena ungquzulwano kwicala yayo Turkey. Ingakumbi le ebesoloko enomdla Churchill. ngokungena Turkey ukuya mfazwe kuvumela ukuvula i ngaphambili lesibini KwiiBalkans kwaye uphephe yimbonakalo amajoni Soviet kulo mmandla. Winter 1943 Kwabanjwa inkomfa Adana. Churchill wenze konke okusemandleni ukuze afumane koMongameli Turkish non-cala. Kodwa uthethathethwano abaphumelelanga kuzo naziphi na amaqela. Turkey kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II yaqhubeka nokungakhethi cala. Nangona kunjalo, lo uvelwano lukarhulumente ezibe kwicala lwe eJamani.

Ngo-Oktobha 1943, abameli iintlanga eManyeneyo bahlanganisana kwinkomfa eMoscow. Bagqiba ukwenza ukwaliwa Turkey ngayo cala ekupheleni konyaka. Le mba nawo waxoxwa kwi iCairo kunye Teheran neenkomfa. Noko ke, Turkey wathi ukungafuni yayo ukungena imfazwe.

ETurkey kwi zigaba zokugqibela zemfazwe

Turkey ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II wakhokela inkqubo ezimbini ukuya amagunya-ziintshaba. Ngowe-1944, Amanyeneyo wayeka ukunika iingalo kweli lizwe. Kulo mba, urhulumente Turkish kwanyanzeleka ukuba bashiye nokuthunyelwa chrome eJamani. Noko ke, ngoJuni 1944, iinqanawa ezininzi German emkhosini wangena kuLwandle Black. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni ukuqhubela phambili kwale meko, yaye Amanyeneyo yafuna eTurkey sokuphelisa ubudlelwane eJamani. Agasti 2, zonke izivumelwano kwintsebenziswano kwezoqoqosho phakathi kwamazwe zimbini irhoxisiwe.

NgoFebruwari 1945, iNgqungquthela Yalta waqalisa umsebenzi wayo. Ngexesha iintetho, le namahlakani bagqiba ekubeni bathathe inxaxheba ekubunjweni eZizwe eziManyeneyo kuphela ezo amazwe ezingqubana ecaleni Amanyeneyo. Kule meko, Februwari 23, 1945, Turkey zihlasele iJamani. Nangona isibakala sokuba umkhosi wayo akazange inxaxheba ekulweni, eli lizwe wafumana isimemo ukujoyina i-UN.

Ingxoxo kwiStraits

Emva kwemfazwe, kwi kwiNkomfa Potsdam baqala ukuxoxa umba Black Sea ezingxingongweni. Esi sivumelwano ngexesha leengxoxo. Basala ukuze ibe phantsi kolawulo lwe Turkey kunye eSoviet Union, njengoko amagunya ozithandayo. Ukongeza, ukuba, ukuba ukhuseleko lwabo nokugcina uxolo yoLwandle Black, akakwazi ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwezi ndlela ngamanye amazwe kunye iinjongo ezikhohlakeleyo.

Isikhundla kwihlabathi Turkey kule minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe

Emva kwemfazwe nkqubo Turkey kaThixo ichazwe ngokucacileyo orientation pro-Western. Ngoko ke, efuna ukubonakalisa ukunyaniseka eUnited States, urhulumente A. Menderes ngoJulayi 1950 e Korea kwakhona izicima yakhe. Turkey yaba lizwe kuphela kuMbindi Mpuma, bathathe inxaxheba emfazweni ekusingasiqithi Korean.

Ngo-Oktobha 1951, eli lizwe ujoyine NATO, kwaye izivumelwano Pakistan kunye Iraq isayinwe. Baghdad Pact (UK, Turkey, Iraq, e-Iran, Pakistan) - Phantsi ukusekelwa England kunye United States icandelo elitsha emkhosini kumisa ngoNovemba 1955. Ngowe-1959 ukuba similise okwaloo Central iSivumelwano Umbutho, ikomkhulu yayo ise Ankara.

iziphumo

Ngenxa yoko, akunakwenzeka ukuba kuthi ngokuqinisekileyo, Turkey inxaxheba yeSibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi okanye hayi. Ngokusesikweni, eli lizwe wahlala kwindawo cala. Kodwa ke urhulumente uthambekele ukuba asebenzisane ne enye okanye ezinye belligerents. Turkey bashiya cala kuphela ngoFebruwari 1945, kodwa ke umkhosi wayo akazange athathe inxaxheba kwemfazwe.