Yintoni gamma?

Emva kokuba kwafunyanwa izinto ekwazi wokunciphisa yezizwe amasuntswana nezakhiwo (ngenxa kanomathotholo ukukhutshwa ukubola) sele uqalisile ukufunda iipropati zabo. inxaxheba Active ekufuneni omtsha nokuqokelela ulwazi ezikhoyo yemvelo wathabatha Curies adumileyo kunye Rutherford. Ukuba wakwazi ukuvula gamma yokuqala. Owabahlangulayo eksperimenti yayilula yaye, kwangaxeshanye, ezikrelekrele.

Lo mthombo radiation sathathwa Radium. Obunzima-phambili capacitance ababenzayo lokuvula elimxinwa. Emazantsi umjelo onesiphumo ubekwe Radium. Kude encinane ukusuka kwisikhongozeli nkqo ukuya wamzalela umgca ilungu photosensitive lalikhona - ipleyiti. In umsantsa phakathi kwayo kunye bhotile radioactive izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ukuphehla intsimi kazibuthe kwelona nqanaba eliphezulu, imigca kwempixano leyo zazalathe ngaxeshanye nembasa photosensitive. Zonke izinto ngaphandle endle generator zibe kwimeko airless, ukuze kupheliswe ifuthe umoya phezu atom yesiphumo nokuhlola. Ukuba uRutherford ngoyaba le ngongoma, i gamma ningavula omnye umntu.

Xa engekho nempembelelo otsalayo kwi nesonkana esisicaba yenzekile ndawo emnyama, ebonisa andise rectilinear ze kwimitha (kwelinye icala nje kunqunyulwa iindonga inkonkxa lead). Kodwa ngokwaneleyo ukuba kubonakala ukuba lo mhlaba otsalayo, ethabathela isiqalelo photosensitive kwenkqubo kwenzeka amabala nje ezintathu. Oku kwakuthetha ukuba amasuntswana ezithile ezintweni Radium, ukuphambukisa ibhola entsimini. Rutherford wacebisa ukuba umqadi iqulathe amacandelo abathathu ubuncinane. Character ukuphambuka wabonisa ukuba amasuntswana ze imiqadi ababini i kagesi, nomqadi wesithathu kagesi cala. Ngaphezu koko, icandelo esibi radiation ngesiganeko baphambukile ucaca ngakumbi HIV. Kagesi icandelo cala - oku gamma. Component nentlawulo ezigxekayo kuthiwa beta-reyi, kwaye yokugqibela, intlawulo ezakhayo - alpha-ray.

Ngaphandle yokuba benza ngokwahlukileyo imagnethi, imitha kufuneka iipropati ezahlukeneyo. Gamma ray nako ukungena kulo mba ngenxa umgama omde elide. Ngoko ke, lo ipleyiti kukhokela 1 cm ubukhulu liyancipha ngamandla kabini kuphela. Alpha-umqadi singamiswa nkqu iphepha obhityileyo ephepheni. Kodwa radiation beta libambe indawo eliphakathi: ukunqanda kwemali ngentsimbi ingaba milimitha ezimbalwa zamafu.

Yayamkela sekuvele ukuthi:

• ray beta loqukuqelo amasuntswana kakubi ebizwayo (elektroni), ehamba ngesantya esiphezulu;
• alpha-ray - inucleus helium, ukuma ozinzileyo kunene;
• gamma ray - uhlobo lwe amaza. Le spectrum isidoda yomgca ngokupheleleyo, kuba ngumongo esikhupha uphawuleka obubobu States amandla. Bona ekwimo lonikezelo amaqondo amandla ekhutshwa ziluhlaza. Igama elithi "gamma-ray" liya kusetyenziselwa kuphela ukuchaza inkqubo yokuguga, kodwa, ngokubanzi, kuba zonke izinto eziprintiweyo radiation magnetic kufanekisela umyinge nganye lwamandla ayikho ngaphantsi kwe-10 keV. Umthombo olu hlobo amadlozi ezi elektroni atom yimincili kubume. Intsalela ukhutshelo energy electron ephezulu amazinga amandla. Ukusuka apho, baya ukubuyela kwimo yangaphambili, ukhupha radiation ngohlobo-X reyi okanye ukukhanya (amaza). LwaseNtshona Koloni ziba radiation magnetic kwimeko gamma-ray incinane kakhulu kwaye kuthetha ukuba akukho ngaphezulu kwe-5 * 0.001 NM ngenxa apho ngokucacileyo ngakumbi iimpawu zibonakale amasuntswana, kunokuba amaza.