Yintoni iziphumo iSivumelwano Versailles? Imigaqo iSivumelwano Versailles

LeMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, eyaqala ngo-1914, laphela ngokutyikitya iSivumelwano Versailles on June 26, 1919. Impi bathatha inxaxheba kumazwe phantse-40, yaye sisibini-ezimbini ehlabathini lonke. imibingelelo Human baba omkhulu - malunga nezigidi 36 ofileyo.

ISivumelwano xwebhu Versailles ngokulitywina ngamlomo kumazwe Entente: France, Great Britain, eRashiya, njl Emva kwemfazwe ezilahlekileyo Germany kwezoqoqosho kwi ukudandatheka ... Eli lizwe uphulukene yinxalenye nommandla wayo, kwaye wancipha enzima.

umhlaba yathathwa

Ngokwembali, ukuba underdog isoloko ngexabiso ngeempazamo zabo. Kulo mzekelo, ukusayinwa naluphi uxwebhu ihambisana naziphi na izohlwayo. Yintoni iziphumo iSivumelwano Versailles for Germany walungisa lizwe eliphumelelayo?

Ukungqinelana umhlaba uxwebhu Alsace Lorraine wegqitha waya French Pomeraniya, Poznan kunye Upper eSilesia - to Poland Memele - to Lithuania kunye Schleswig - eDenmark.

Kangangeminyaka eli-15 ubude, Germany kwafuneka aye ngaphandle kwakhe isitya Saar wamalahle. Kule ndawo enkulukazi zathathwa, ummandla opheleleyo apho kwakukho malunga nama-70 amawaka square metres. km kwaye linabantu abangaba 7 yezigidi. womntu, kwakukho inxalenye enkulu yezibonelelo zifuneka ngamandla ngenxa kwakhona kuqoqosho waseJamani. On kula mazwe oovimba ebalulekileyo amalahle kunye intsimbi, nezinki eGibheyon amatye okusila nensimbi.

Uthintelo kwiingalo

Ngoku siyazi sonke ukuba yintoni imiphumo iSivumelwano Versailles. Kwaye kungakhathaliseki ukuba indlela enzima eJamani, ngandlela ndikwazile ukugcina isiseko yayo engundoqo kwezentlalo noqoqosho ubumfazwe, oye wahlala phantse lomelele. Ukongeza, amaJamani washiya uninzi imikhosi yazo exhobileyo.

Ngenxa yoko, iSivumelwano Versailles wavumela Germany abe wayenomkhosi namazibuko abonakalisi 12, Zempi 6, 12 kontrminonostsev, 6 cruisers ukukhanya. Yona Army, inani labo kufuneka ngaphezu kwe-100 lamawaka. Abantu, ngelixa inani lamagosa liye kabukhali lancipha. Bekukho umlomo kokukhutshwa iintsimbi aphucukileyo emkhosini, equka moya, amatanki kunye neemoto vehicles.

izibonelelo

Ukongezelela nezithintelo izixhobo kunye nemimandla ezihlonyelwe, yintoni na iziphumo iSivumelwano Versailles for Germany? Ngokutsho uxwebhu icala yokulahlekelwa imfazwe kwafuneka ukuba ahlawule isixa esikhulu kumazwe-abaphumeleleyo: amanqaku 132 billion ngegolide, leyo wu fanaka ku-33 ezigidi zeerandi.

Umba izibonelelo kwaxoxwa kwinkomfa eLondon ngaphezulu nakanye, ukususela ngoMeyi 1921. Isibakala sokuba uRhulumente waseJamani licele ukuba elinye ixesha yokuhlawulwa kwamatyala iminyaka emi-5. Kule yayame inkokheli UK. I IsiNgesi wenza isithembiso France ukurhoxisa kuwo onke amatyala emfazwe ngenxa isigqibo lula malunga Ukuhlehliswa iintlawulo German. Kodwa Paris ebacekisile izindululo ezinjalo. La madoda iphethwe JL Burt wathi izibonelelo aseJamani ngakumbi wayibeka ilizwe lakhe kwityala France eya United Kingdom.

Amanye amazwe, amazwe ze iSivumelwano Versailles, babesoyika izibophelelo intlawulo iza kuhlala kuphela ephepheni. Ngoko ke, lo igqiza French ifuna ukunika isiqinisekiso ukuba kutywinwe iza kwenziwa kwicala waseJamani. Ngoko ke, njengokuba iParis izibambiso wacela ukuba amnike ilungelo ukusebenza kunye kudliwa kwimigodi German kwi Ruhr okwethutyana. Ngaphezu koko, baye bafuna ukufumana bokudaya mveliso, ibekwe phezu kodonga lasekhohlo iRhine, kunye nenani amanye amashishini.

Lo msebenzi we Ruhr

Ndimele ndithi ukuba eUnited States wazama ukufumana kwizibhambathiso kumba izibonelelo phakathi Germany kunye neFransi. Bade wathi ukudala ikomiti ekhethekileyo, oko kuquka ziingcali zemali ezizimeleyo. Ezi iingcali kufuneka ukuba wenza uhlolo yokuhlawula amatyala yaseJamani. Kodwa umonakalo Commission akazange alinde ukuba kwizigqibo leengcali. Ekupheleni kukaDisemba 1922 yena, wathabatha ivoti, yaye ayo alandela-up wakhupha sigqibo ukuba iJamani wasilela ukuzalisekisa imfanelo yayo ukuhlawula, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ukuba engakwazanga ukuhlawula eJamani. Ngenxa yesi sigqibo wavota eFransi, Italy ne Belgium. Ngokuchasene neli, kuphela United Kingdom uye wenza. Kulo meko, iimeko iSivumelwano Versailles wamnika ilungelo nokuhlaliwa French le Rhineland.

NgoJanuwari 1923, imikhosi Belgian kwaye French wangena Ruhr. Italy ngokusesikweni yaxhasa umsebenzi, kodwa eneneni inxaxheba akazange athathe. Ruhr, njengoko inxalenye ahambele phambili woshishino lizwe, Waziqhiwula yena kolawulo lwe eJamani. Le ndawo wanqanyulwa lonke uqoqosho German kwaye ilahleko amaqhina layo lekontrakthi nezokusebenza nayo.

nokwehla kwezoqoqosho

Yintoni iziphumo iSivumelwano Versailles, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni umsebenzi the Rhineland? Ndimele ndithi ukuba esi siganeko kuye kwavusa i lentlekele engenakuzekeliswa tu eJamani. Imali German yesizwe ukusebenza ubusuku bonke, kwaye ityala yanto ngokupheleleyo. Eli lizwe kwandisa ubufwayo itshayelwe zombini ziqwempu ezizezona kwenani labemi, nabakumgangatho ophakathi.

Ukuba apha kukho izenzo lokungathobeli lwenziwe, ngoko lakhula laba ubunzima imiboniso ngokuchasene norhulumente kunye uphazamiseko amazwe angaphandle. Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo 1923 yeengxaki kwezoqoqosho kwakhokelela yokurhoxa karhulumente elikhokelwa Vilgelmom Kuno. Abezopolitiko baqala ukuthetha malunga umjikelo omtsha mbuso.

Post-imfazwe nkqubo German

Owayesakuba sizana hayi ndawonye uluvo lwabo malunga iRhine ingxabano sentsimbi izowuni phakathi kwabo. Impiriyali Germany wasebenzisa ezi ingxabano wakhetha yayo. Kuye uthethathethwano kunye enye okanye enye, wonke umntu ngaloo ndlela ukukulandela. Ngenxa iSivumelwano Versailles ngokwayo washiya phantse amabutho lonke eli lizwe, leyo ingqalelo boyiswa. Ke kaloku ngoxa namahlakani Sizibandakanye oliqhophololo, Germany ukwakha amandla ngenxa yokuhlaselwa entsha kwaye enamandla ngakumbi.

iziphumo zopolitiko engakhiyo Versailles Peace iSivumelwano wagqiba ukuba umahluko phakathi onke amahlakani nzulu. Oku oqaphelekayo ingakumbi ubudlelwane eNgilani kunye neFransi, Japan nase-United States. Ukongeza, siza ngokukhawuleza ukuphikisana phakathi iinkqubo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo - Socialist kunye wongxowankulu. Sivumelwano waqukumbela e Versailles, ibiya ukuphelisa imfazwe, kodwa ekugqibeleni wenza kuye Usongo sijinga phezu kwehlabathi.