Yintoni OPEC phakathi kwemibutho koorhulumente

Ngowe-1960, ngenjongo yokuba isenzo elungelelanisiweyo of States benza ukuthunyelwa izinto hydrocarbon ekrwada, nemibutho efanelekileyo yasekwa. Yintoni OPEC? Eli linani amazwe, isabelo apho, ngokutsho uqikelelo ezahlukeneyo abaziingcali, ebangela ukuba malunga nesiqingatha bonke oovimba engqiniweyo hydrocarbon. ukusungulwa kwalo emva ukuncitshiswa unilateral ngokuthenga amaxabiso izibonelelo geni ukusuka 'zithintele ", ekwabizwa ngokuba' oodade asixhenxe", ekuhlanganiseni iinkampani US ehlabathini, Great Britain ne eJamani, ukuba eze kwaye uphephe ukunciphisa ingeniso yawo.

Ukusasazeka nempembelelo ngokuthe ngcembe, kodwa ngoku yinkokheli nayiphi na lezopolitiko okanye intloko kwishishini, ioli Ukuphathwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweemveliso yokujongwa kwayo, phezu ngokwayo kufuneka uzive umsebenzi wombutho kubomi naliphi na ilizwe. uluhlu OPEC ngayo amalungu ayo siyanda rhoqo, ezibandakanya kwinkqubo yonke naliphi na ilizwe ebalulekileyo. Ukongeza, nakwiimpikiswano uhlobo lwezoqoqosho nopolitiko ngamanye amaxesha kukhokelela ukungaboni ngasonye phakathi embuthweni, enokungena nokubiza hydrocarbon ezithengiweyo kunye zaqwalaselwa.

Okwangoku, ukwakhiwa kweengongoma ezahlukileyo ze-nxaxheba ligubungela phantse lonke jikelele, kwaye ndiyazi into aya kuba OPEC ononyawo. Ezinye States zikhula, ngoxa abanye oknaye aqale ngenxa yamanqanaba aphezulu orhwaphilizo, esikhulu ityala yangaphandle, gakanani wamajoni eziliqela nezinye izizathu. Unako ukuthatha jonga kwi apho amazwe ziyinxalenye OPEC, yaye ukuqwalasela Dynamics kuphuhliso:

- 1960: umbutho Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia kunye Venezuela. Kamva ihlanganiswa ne Qatar, Indonesia, Libya, i-United Arab Emirates kunye Algeria.

- 1970: ukwakheka lwandisiwe ngenxa eNigeria, Ecuador kunye Gabon..

- 1990-sharing: endaphuma intlangano ngaphandle eGabon, imisiwe yinxalenye Ecuador.. Russian Federation ifumene 1998 ubume obukeleyo.

- 2000: ngo-2007, eqale Angola kwaye ukusukela ngo-2009, ukunqunyanyiswa kobulungu Indonesia, imbuyekezo ye-Ecuador okwexeshana. Ukongeza, amagosa Russian ngowe-2008 wathi ukulungela balo bathathe inxaxheba kule mbutho nje abekho osisigxina.

Kwenzeka ngo 1980, ukwehla ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ezizizembiwa kuye kwakhokelela ekwehleni elibukhali kwi aneengeniso lilungu ithi, kodwa ke, nangona zonke, laqhubeka ukomeleza indawo yayo. Phezu kwayo yonke into, oko isuti OPEC, yaye nangona orbit akunakwenzeka ukuba bazobe United Kingdom, Mexico, Norway kunye Oman babelana impembelelo amasimi abo oyile apho.

Kule nkulungwane, lwenzeke iinkqubo emaxongo kwezoqoqosho kunye ukuhla kwemveliso zachaphazela ukuncitshiswa kweendleko oli ekrwada, kodwa eneneni oku akwenzeki ngenxa yokuba ukuncitshiswa ngumntu kwenani isivuno.

Yintoni OPEC namhlanje? It is a ngumbutho enamandla inter-governmental, ukusuka apho izisombululo kuxhomekeka kwimeko yoqoqosho yehlabathi. Oku ngokusemthethweni kwi-UN kunye nobudlelwane kunye neengcebiso ngemiba zoqoqosho nezentlalo. oko ubuncinane izihlandlo 2 ngonyaka kwinqanaba kwabalungiseleli lwamandla amazwe inxaxheba 'wabamba intlanganiso ukwenzela ukuba kujongwe imarike carbon lwehlabathi yangaphambili yophuhliso lwayo.