AmaTatar. Umvelaphi wesizwe

AmaTatar ayingxowankulu yesibili eRussia emva koRashiya. Ngokwezibalo zango-2010, zenza i-3.72% yabemi beli lizwe lonke. Aba bantu, abajoyina uMoscow nakwiqendu lesibini le-16 leminyaka, bakwazi ukugcina ubuninzi beenkcubeko zabo kwiinkulungwane, bekhathalela iimbali zembali kunye nenkolo.

Zonke izizwe zifuna iingcambu zayo. AmaTatars ayingekho. Imvelaphi yesi sizwe saqala ukuphandwa ngokunyanisekileyo ngekhulu le-19, xa ukuphuhliswa kobudlelwane bourgeois bekhawuleza. Ukwazisa ngokwezizwe ngabantu, ukuchongwa kwezixhobo kunye neempawu zaso, kunye nokudala ingcamango eyodwa kuye kwafakwa isifundo esikhethekileyo. Imvelaphi yamaTatars kulo lonke eli lixesha lahlala liyihloko ebalulekileyo yokufundwa kwimbali-mlando yeRashiya neTatar. Iziphumo zalo msebenzi wexesha elide zinokumelwa ngokukhawuleza kwiingcamango ezintathu.

Inkolelo yokuqala inxulumene nombuso wasendulo waseVolga Bulgaria. Kukholelwa ukuba imbali yamaTatars iqala nge-Turkic-Bulgarian ethnos, eyavela kuma-steppes aseAsia kwaye yahlala kwindawo yaseMiddle Volga. Kwiminyaka eyi-10 ukuya kweye-13 baphumelela ukwenza i-statehood yabo. Ixesha le-Golden Horde kunye noMbuso waseMoscow lenze utshintsho ekubunzeni ama-ethnos, kodwa alitshintshi isitshixo senkcubeko yamaSilam. Ngethuba elifanayo, intetho inkulu malunga neqela le-Volga-Ural, ngelixa amanye amaTatars abhekwa njengabantu abazimeleyo, bahlangene kuphela negama lokungena kwi-Golden Horde.

Abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba amaTatars aphuma kumaqela aseMzansi aseAsia afudukela entshonalanga ngexesha leMongol-Tatar. Kwakungena ukungena kwi-Ulus Juchi kunye nokwamkelwa kwe-Islam eyadlala indima enkulu ekudibaniseni izizwe ezingafaniyo kunye nokwakhiwa kwesizwe esihlangeneyo. Ngaloo xesha, abantu baseBulgaria baseBolga baxhatshaliswa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye baphakanyiswa ngokukhawuleza. Izizwe zangaphambili zakha i-culture ekhethekileyo, zazisa ulwimi lwesiKypchak.

Imvelaphi yeTurko-Tatar kwi-genesis yabantu igxininiswe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Ngokutsho kwayo, amaTatars alandelelanisa imvelaphi yawo kwi- Türkic kaganate enkulu, ilizwe elikhulu kunabo bonke baseAsia kwi-Middle Ages yekhulu le-6 AD. Iingcamango ziyabona indima ethile ekwakheni ama-ethnos aseTatar njenge-Volga Bulgaria kunye neKhazar Khaganate, kunye ne-Kypchak-Kimak neTatar-amaqela ase-Mongolian ase-Asian steppes. Inxaxheba ekhethekileyo ye-Golden Horde, edibanisa zonke izizwe, icacisiwe.
Zonke iifom zoluhlu zolwakhiwo lwesizwe saseTatar lubonisa indima ekhethekileyo yama-Islam, kunye nexesha le-Golden Horde. Ngokusekelwe kwidata yembali, abaphandi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo babone imvelaphi yokuzalwa kwabantu. Nangona kunjalo, kuyacaca ukuba iiTatar zivela kwizizwe zaseTurkey zakudala, kwaye izibophelelo zembali kunye nezinye izizwe kunye nabantu, ngokuqinisekileyo, ziye zaba nefuthe labo kumfanekiso wangoku wesizwe. Ukugcina kakuhle inkcubeko, ulwimi kunye nenkolo, amaTatars akwazi ukulahlekelwa yesazisi kazwelonke ekujonganeni nokuhlanganiswa kwehlabathi.