Uphuhliso ezahlukeneyo ngamabonandenzile olululo? Ubudlelwane kunye umahluko omkhulu

Uphuhliso ezahlukeneyo ngamabonandenzile olululo? La magama ngengqiqo kwezentlalo nezopolitiko, ithathwa njengokuba bamchasa uYesu ngokupheleleyo. Igama elithi "indaleko" linxulunyaniswa kunye nophuhliso ngokuthe ngcembe yaye ngokuqhubekayo, lo gama i-revolution lu dityanisiwe utshintsho ngokukhawuleza eluntwini, kunye ngokusebenzisa amaxesha ngenene. Abanye lokufowuna revolution yendaleko olungongezwanga, ngoko ke, umgaqo, yinto enye. Uluntu, kwelinye icala, has ukuthambekela ukukholelwa ubulumko kancane, kwelinye icala, abantu baqhele Babengabalelani imfuneko izothuso ngamaxesha enokuthi ngokukhawuleza ukutshintsha imeko eluntwini.

Tshintsha: Evolution okanye Revolution?

Mao Tse-tung wathi igunya kwezopolitiko ekhula ngaphandle umphanda umpu. Uphuhliso intshukumo olululo kuqhele kwimeko apho ezilahlekileyo ulawulo le meko. Ikhokela inkqubo, njengoko umthetho, umntu engqongwe iqela elincinane abahlobo obathembayo. kanye Inkqubo yokutshintsha uba axhomekeke ngamnye. Njengoko utshintsho kwindaleko, ngoko inkokeli kufuneka athathe kwekhosi utshintsho phambi kuya kwenza yinkokeli olukhulu ngakumbi. Yintoni utshintsho na indlela elungileyo? Nangona isibakala sokuba abantu abaninzi ungaziva bakhetha indlela kwindaleko, akusoloko kufanelekile.

Unxulumano imiqondo ezimbini malunga

Uphuhliso ezahlukeneyo ngamabonandenzile olululo? ukuziphatha bantu ithe ngokuyintloko kuxhomekeka iziganeko ezidlulileyo kunye namava kunokuba oko kuza kwenzeka kwikamva. Ukwandisa le mbono iingxaki zombutho, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuchonga kwiqela lezigaba, nganye oqala ixesha zophuhliso ukukhula okuzinzileyo kunye nozinzo, kwaye igcina ixesha utshintsho ezibalulekileyo revolution kunye nezothuso. Indlela avakala ngayo ixesha olululo, Kuyinto elungileyo, yaye imisela ukuba okanye hayi uluntu ihambela phambili sikwinqanaba esilandelayo ukukhula yokuzivelela kunye nophuhliso. Iinkcukacha ucinga isihloko oko yendaleko ezahlukeneyo kunye nophuhliso mbuso, kuba ndandicinga ukuba amaxhwayela - le yindlela eqhelekileyo inkqubela kwinqanaba ngokwasemzimbeni, engqondweni nangokomoya kwisikhokelo jikelele ixesha kunye nendawo. Nakuba kunjalo, utshintsho abathile kwimbali uluntu revolution ngokwenene, nangona ukuba exeshana ngcembe. Kule nkalo, oko kuthathwa ukuba revolution inokwenzeka ngexesha yendaleko, yaye oko kuya nje kubonwa nje ukukhawulezisa inkqubo, kuthathwa kukodwa phambili.

kwemvelo

Inkcubeko kunye siye savela kokulula ukuya koko kuntsonkothileyo; ukususela nezobundlobongela nge ubuqaba kwimpucuko. Loo nto nje inkqubela, iye yaba yinxalenye chavelela. Yintoni eye yaba uhlobo yendaleko ekuphuhliseni uluntu? Ukuphuhliswa eziphilayo, nto leyo uquka uthotho utshintsho exubusha indlela ethile. Evolution - yinto uthotho iziganeko ezalanayo ejoliswe inguqu. Le nkqubo utshintsho okuqhubekayo ukusuka kumphakamo osezantsi ukuya ephakamileyo nzima ngakumbi njengoko ukunyuka okuthe chu kolawulo lomntu phezu bume.

revolution

Ingcamango olululo ngendaleko lubonakaliswa utshintsho ngesiquphe, ezinkulu, okanye epheleleyo, i yokuqhelanisa esisiseko kunye kuhlela. Olu tshintsho lubalulekileyo kwi umbutho wezopolitiko okanye urhulumente, lokulahla umgaqo-siseko okanye kwabanjalo ekubhukuqekeni nezingacwangciselwanga ye umlawuli enye. I-revolution kusenokubandakanya ukusetyenziswa amanyathelo zombini ugonyamelo non-nogonyamelo. Oku utshintsho qualitative elikhulu kuphuhliso nesenzeko ezahlukeneyo endalo, uluntu kunye nolwazi. Ukuphendula umbuzo malunga nophuhliso ezahlukeneyo yendaleko kunye olululo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le ukupheliswa ngokukhawuleza lophuhliso ngcembe, uqhekeke iincam endala. Imbali ibonisa ukuba nokuxhuma enjalo aphela rhoqo kukhokelela nokuthoba kuphuhliso.

Yintoni eye yaba uhlobo kwemvelo yoluntu?

Ngokwembono zesayensi kunye nezinye izazinzulu, inkcubeko sisonke iqalisa ngendlela efanayo kunye phambili. Kwindaleko, ngokusekelwe kwithiyori Darwin yendaleko zivunywa, wafuna kuxubusha ngendlela ezaqala ngayo nenkcubeko ngokusebenzisa ixesha. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba iinkampani ezininzi iphumele uthotho izigaba ezithile zophuhliso. Yintoni eye yaba uhlobo kwemvelo? Elinye icebo ecetywayo yi-sobulumko uMontesquieu ngenkulungwane ye-18, ibe izigaba ezithathu: kuzingela (ingonakaliswanga), pastoralism (ubuqaba) kunye nempucuko. Icandelo ngezigaba kwindaleko, ukusuka zakudala ephucukile, ngundoqo iingcamango ezintsha ze-Social-zazivelela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba.

Le ngcamango yokuzivelela

Ngokusekelwe Darwin kunye nobungqina yenkcubeko, eyembali zakudala, nkolelo zentlalo, yokuzivelela udale scheme ezahlukeneyo ngenkqubela jikelele lwezentlalo nenkcubeko, njengoko wachaza imvelaphi amaziko ngamaziko. Ezi ziquka inkolo, umtshato kunye nosapho. Eshwankathela zonke ngasentla, singatsho ukuba kwemvelo zoluntu na utshintsho ngenxa hlengiso chu kwindlela ekhoyo, njengoko kuchasene amanyathelo revolution, apho kukho indawo olupheleleyo okanye olungaphelelanga umyalelo okhoyo.