Antiscientism - a izikhundla bulumko. ezenzeka yentanda nezikolo

Antiscientism - a ngoku yentanda aphikisana inzululwazi. Ingcamango osisiseko amalungu kukuba inzululwazi ukuba kuchaphazela ubomi babantu. It has akukho ndawo kubomi bemihla ngemihla, ngoko umele ukuhlawula ingqalelo kangaka. Kutheni na ke ngoko ke thabatha isigqibo, kwenzeka njani ukuba sibaphathe ngayo ukuba zobulumko ngazo kweli nqaku apho.

Yonke le nto yaqala scientism

Okokuqala kufuneka siqonde ukuba yintoni na scientism, kwaye emva koko uyakwazi ukuqhubeka phambili nesihloko engundoqo. Scientism - oku ethile lomkhuba yentanda, neqaphela inzululwazi yexabiso eliphezulu. André Comte-Sponville, omnye wabaseki scientism, wathi inzululwazi kufuneka luthathwe imfundiso yenkolo.

Stsientistami wabiza abantu wavusa izibalo zabo okanye physics, wathi ukuba isayensi linokulingana kubo. Xa umzekelo oku kunokukhokelela quote odumileyo uRutherford esithi: "Kukho iindidi ezimbini nesayensi:. Zemvelo isitampu ukubuthwa"

izikhundla zeentanda-scientism lo postulates zilandelayo:

• isayensi kuphela ulwazi lokwenene.
• Zonke iindlela ezisetyenziswa uphando lwezenzululwazi, isicelo ulwazi intlalo yoluntu.
• Science bebenoyilungisa zonke iingxaki ezijongene ubuntu.

Ke kaloku, eyona nto ibalulekileyo

Ngokuchaseneyo scientism waqalisa kuvela indlela omtsha bulumko ekuthiwa antiscientism. Ngamafutshane, oko intshukumo ogama Abaseki abachasene kwinzululwazi. Njengoko imibono inxalenye antiscientism ulwazi lwezenzululwazi azifani, ukufumana melo okanye kakhulu.

Ekuqaleni antiscientism sisekelwe phezu iintlobo ulwazi abazange ukusebenzisa inzululwazi (yokuziphatha, inkolo, njalo njalo. D.). Namhlanje uluvo antistsientichesky undigxeka inzululwazi hlobo. Enye indlela antiscientism ubheka ephambene inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye nobugcisa, wathi inzululwazi kufuneka ibe noxanduva kubo bonke ineziphumo zibangelwa imisebenzi yayo. Ngoko ke, ukuba uthi antiscientism - olubonakala apho ubona le ngxaki iphambili inzululwazi lophuhliso loluntu.

Eyona eziphambili ze

Ngokubanzi ngayo angohlulwa antiscientism lokuphengulula kunye olukhulu. antiscientism Moderate ungekho nxamnye inzululwazi hlobo, kodwa kunoko, nxamnye abaxhasi bangi of scientism, abo bakholelwa ukuba iindlela inzululwazi kufuneka ibe sisiseko yonke into.

emibonweni ndivakalise ubuze lenzululwazi, oko kubangela ubutshaba yakhe nemvelo yabantu. inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye obuchwepheshe nefuthe iindidi ezimbini: kwelinye icala, lula ubomi bomntu, kwelinye - kukhokelela ukuthotywa ngengqondo kunye nenkcubeko. Ngoko ke, iimfuno zenzululwazi kufuneka zize, indawo neminye imiba ye elihle kwezentlalo.

abamele

Inzululwazi yenza umntu komyeni ubomi ukuba akukho ubuso babantu, akukho luthando. Omnye yokuqala lowo wacaphuka waza esivakalayo ngokwenzululwazi, wakhe uHerbert Marcuse. Kuye lubonise ukuba ezahlukeneyo izinto zabantu zicinezelwa technocratic iparameters. Ubuninzi kwesidingo, apho umntu ujongene yonke imihla, utsho ukuba le nkampani zikwimeko kakhulu. Zingaphezu ukuhanjiswa kolwazi hayi kuphela ziingcali imisebenzi yobugcisa, kodwa kwicala lezingluntu, umnqweno wakhe ngokomoya constricted imimiselo ezingeyomfuneko.

Ngowe-1950, i-theory umdla ukubeka phambili Bertran Rassel, wathi le ngcamango nangomoya antiscientism efihliweyo kuphuhliso hypertrophied isayensi, leyo esona sizathu zokulahleka nobuntu kunye nemilinganiselo.

Maykl Polani wakha wathi scientism unako kuchongwa kunye iCawa, lona lubopha izinto iingcinga zabantu, nto leyo ukufihla iinkolelo ezibalulekileyo belengalenga terminological. Kwelinye icala, antiscientism - kodwa ngokuzithandela kuphela ngokuvumela umntu ukuba abe.

neokantianism

Antiscientism - a izazinzulu ezizodwa ababandakanyekayo ifilosofi injongo yaso. Kangangexesha elide bulumko ingqalelo isayensi, kodwa xa yokugqibela abazahlulayo njengeyunithi epheleleyo, iindlela yayo umngeni. Ezinye izikolo ingcamango inzululwazi ethintela umntu ukuphuhlisa ukuba bacinge ngokubanzi, abanye ngandlel 'ithile ukuqaphela ngaphandle kokufaneleka kwayo. Ngoko ke, kukho ezinye izimvo impikiswano kwinzululwazi.

W. Windelband no H. Rikket baba abameli yokuqala Baden iniyo-Kantian esikolweni, nto leyo ngokudlul-psychological ngengcamango, ukuba aqonde kwintanda-bulumko Kant, apho ehlola inkqubo elihle kwezentlalo, lo mntu. Bammela isikhundla lophuhliso loluntu ezibanzi, ecinga kube nzima ukuqwalasela inkqubo yolwazi ngaphandle inkcubeko okanye inkolo. Ngoko ke, inzululwazi ezinokuthengiswa njengomthombo esisiseko okuqonda. Xa uphuhliso kwindawo ebalulekileyo yile nkqubo lwamaxabiso kunye nezithethe apho umntu isaphonononga ihlabathi, ngenxa yokuba ingashiyelwanga nto amandla ukuyeka ukusuka ukujongwa semvelo kunye neenkolelo yenzululwazi kakubi naye kule nkalo.

Ngokwahlukileyo kubo, Heidegger uthi awukwazi uyiyeke ngokupheleleyo inzululwazi inkqubo elihle kwezentlalo, ngokukodwa kunye bulumko ngokubanzi. ulwazi lwezenzululwazi - le yenye amathuba, into leyo eyenza ukuba baqonde undoqo yokuba, nangona ifomu kuphela kancinane. Science akakwazi ukunika inkcazo epheleleyo yonke into eyenzeka ehlabathini, kodwa iyakwazi ukuba aququzelele.

ebomini

Izikolo ekuphileni zefilosofi ababekhokelwa ziimfundiso Karl Jaspers antiscientism kakhulu. Wanyanzelisa bulumko nenzululwazi - amagama engahambelaniyo ngokupheleleyo, kuba kujoliswe ekufumaneni iziphumo alwayo. Ngelo xesha xa inzululwazi yi oqokelela ulwazi rhoqo, neengcamango zawo zakutsha nje ingqalelo inokuthenjwa, intanda nga ngaphandle indawana isazela ukubuyela isifundo mba, apho ndakhuliswa kwiminyaka engamawaka eyadlulayo. Science isoloko ikhangela phambili. Waba hayi amandla okuvelisa igugu abantu, kuba igxininisa kuphela ngalo mbandela.

Kuyinto yobuntu ukuziva ubuthathaka nobuthathaka kwimithetho ekhoyo yendalo kunye noluntu, njengoko kuxhomekeke kwi intlanganisela random yeemeko bandiqumbisayo oku okanye loo meko. kuvela iimeko ezinjalo rhoqo ukuya Infinity, kwaye akusoloko bathembele ulwazi owomileyo libeyise.

Kubomi bemihla ngemihla ubuntu babantu ukulibala malunga mba lokufa. Uyakwazi ukulibala ukuba unyanzelwa yokuziphatha okanye uxanduva into. Kwaye nje iimeko ezahlukeneyo, emi phambi ukhetho yokuziphatha, indoda uyayiqonda isayensi ayinamandla kwezi zinto ngayo. Akukho yokubala apho ukubala ipesenti okulungileyo nokubi kumabali ethile. Akukho bungqina bokuba ngokuqiniseka okuphelele sisiphumo iziganeko ziya kubonisa, akukho shedyuli, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba nokwenzeka yokucinga esinengqiqo ibubudenge obungaboniswa ethile. Science kuye kwadalwa ngokukodwa abantu ukulahla hlobo kabuhlungu kunye ubuchule ihlabathi bezinto. Ngqo wacinga UKarl Jaspers, xa wathi antiscientism - oku kwintanda-bulumko omnye nezimaphambili ezingundoqo.

personalism

Ngokwembono yenzululwazi personalism - yinto isiqinisekiso okanye ukuphika, ngelixa bulumko - imibuzo. Ukufunda antiscientism, icala aya, sisizathu ezenzululwazi into ichasene kuphuhliso lwabantu evumelanayo, ukuzahlula kuyo khona. Personalists bathi loo ndoda nokuba - omnye, kodwa ke kokufika yesayensi ubunye inyamalala. Technologization uluntu yenza umntu ukulwa nendalo, oko kukuthi ngobuso ihlabathi, apho yena. Kwaye lo enzonzobileni eveliswa inzululwazi, eyenza ukuba umntu abe yinxalenye lonya bukhosi.

The main theses

Antiscientism - oku (-bulumko), kwisikhundla umngeni ukubaluleka yenzululwazi kunye omnipresence yayo. Ngamafutshane, zobulumko bakholelwa ukuba, ukongeza kwinzululwazi, kufuneka kubekho ezinye iziseko apho unako abunjwe ihlabathi. Kulo mba, umntu unokucinga izikolo ezininzi bulumko, owayendifundisa imfuneko yesayensi nethekhinoloji eluntwini.

Ngexesha lokuqala - Kantianism. abameli balo babekholelwa ukuba isayensi ayikwazi kuba sisiseko esingundoqo kwaye kuphela ulwazi olukhulayo lwelizwe, njengoko kuhlukumeza iimfuno isegazini inkanuko nangokweemvakalelo somntu. Ngokupheleleyo lulula angafanele nto, kuba ulwazi lwezenzululwazi kunceda ukufezekisa zonke iinkqubo, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula malunga iimpazamo zabo.

Existentialists bathi inzululwazi ethintela umntu enze ilungelo ukhetho yokuziphatha. ukucinga Scientific swi ulwazi izinto zehlabathi, kodwa xa kuza imfuneko ukukhetha phakathi kokulungileyo nokuphosakeleyo, zonke theorems babe luchuku.

Personalists uluvo lokuba usona nenzululwazi yendalo wemvelo. Ekubeni abantu ihlabathi njengequmrhu elinye, kwaye inzululwazi ikhokelela ukuba nzima nendalo, oko kukuthi, kunye inxalenye ngokwakhe.

ngenxa

Antiscientism unale nesayensi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: kwindawo ethile yena undigxeka naye, engafuni ngokupheleleyo ukuqonda ngobukho, kwaye kwezinye iimeko kubonisa ukungafezeki. Ukanti sizibuze malunga nenzululwazi - kulungile okanye embi. Kwelinye icala, inzululwazi iye yanceda abantu ukuze usinde, kodwa kwelinye icala - wamenza namandla ngokomoya. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokukhetha phakathi izigwebo esinengqiqo iimvakalelo, kuyimfuneko ukubeka izinto eziza kuqala.