Biography kunye nobuchule Karamzina N. M. Karamzin Uluhlu lweencwadi

amagama aqhelekileyo ezifana nothando, umdla, nothando, siye kusetyenziswa. Kodwa bambalwa abantu bazi ukuba xa hayi UNikolai Karamzin, ngoko mhlawumbi abasoze zibonakele-magama abantu Russian. Karamzin ubuchule xa kuthelekiswa imisebenzi sentimentalist obalaseleyo Sterne, kwaye basifakele ababhali kwinqanaba elinye. Nge ukucinga nzulu analytical, wakwazi ukuba abhale incwadi yokuqala "Imbali karhulumente Russian." Karamzin wenza njalo ngaphandle kokuchaza eyahlukileyo kwisigaba zembali, owayephila ngexesha apho yena, kwaye anike umfanekiso siqonde karhulumente yokudweba zembali.

Esakhula N. Karamzin

Kwazalelwa ubungqondi ngoDisemba 12, 1766. Yakhula kwaye lifundileyo endlwini kayise uMikhail Zhukovsky, obeyindoda umthetheli umhlala. UNikolai walahlekelwa unina, ngoko ke ukwenza ngokupheleleyo kwimfundo upopu.

Kamsinya nje ndafunda ukufunda, inkwenkwe wathabatha incwadi evela kwithala kanina, phakathi kwabo kwakukho iinoveli French, imisebenzi Emin, Rollin. imfundo Primary wafumana ekhaya, UNikolai, waza wafunda e Simbirsk amanene esikolweni zokubhoda, yaye emva koko, ngo-1778, wathunyelwa unjingalwazi kwisikolo sokubhoda e Moscow.

Njengokuba umntwana waba nomdla kwimbali. Oku kube negalelo incwadi kwimbali Emin.

engqondweni benelungelo of Nicholas akazange kulinika ukuhlala ixesha elide emhlabeni, waqalisa ukufunda ulwimi, baya kuva kwintetho kwiYunivesithi Moscow.

umsebenzi Early

Karamzin ubuqambi evela kwixesha xa ndasebenza Preobrazhensky Guards webutho Petersburg. Ngeli xesha, UNikolai Mikhailovich uqalisa ukuzama wena indima yombhali.

Negalelo ekwakhekeni Karamzin njengomzobi kunye elithi uthando, ukuba ahlala e eMoscow. Phakathi abahlobo bakhe Novikov, A. Petrov, A. Kutuzov. Ngelo xesha wajoyina izinto zentlalo - wamnceda ukulungiswa kunye nkandziyiso lowu abantwana "Ukufunda Abantwana ukuze intliziyo nengqondo."

Ithuba inkonzo nje kuphela ekuqaleni umsebenzi wokudala Nikolaya Karamzina, kodwa endiyibumbileyo njengomntu, wenza kube lula ukuba bazibandakanye ezininzi nezihlobo, ezibe luncedo. Emva kokufa kukayise wakhe, Nicholas wagqiba ukuyeka inkonzo, ungaze ukuba sibuyele kuwo. Xa ukukhanya ngexesha kwabonwa nje nokulinga umngeni kuluntu. Kodwa ngubani owaziyo, ukuba akazange ayeke inkonzo, bekuya kuba nako ukupapasha iinguqulelo yakhe yokuqala, kwakunye sisincoko yantlandlolo, leyo wazilanda unomdla kwizifundo zembali?

Uhambo eYurophu

Ubomi kunye nobuchule Karamzin bulula batshintsha indlela yabo ukusoloko, xa ukususela ka1789 ukuya ngo-1790. yena uya eYurophu. Ebudeni hambo, umbhali uya Immanuel Kant, nokwathi kwamenza kwagxila emangalisayo. UNikolay Mihaylovich Karamzin, itheyibhile lwamaxesha ivuselelwe kwaye ubukho eFransi ngexesha French Revolution, wabhala kamva "Iileta umhambi Russian 'yakhe. Yaba lo msebenzi emenza odumileyo.

Kukholelwa ukuba le ncwadi elivulekayo kwiminyaka entsha iincwadi Russian. Siyaqondakala isizathu, ekubeni la manqaku inxiba nje kuphela ithandwa e Europe, kodwa wafumana abalandeli zabo eRashiya. Phakathi kwabo, A. Griboyedov, F. Glinka, V. Izmailov kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Ngenxa yoko "kukhule imilenze" yaye xa kuthelekiswa Karamzin Stern. "Theka Journey" kutshanje kumba wemveliso ukhumbula Karamzin.

Ukufika ku Russia

Abuyele kwilizwe lakhe, Karamzin ugqiba ukuba azinze eMoscow, apho waqhubeka umsebenzi wakhe zoncwadi. Ukongeza, waba ngumbhali echubekileyo intatheli. Kodwa apogee eli thuba, kakade, upapasho "Moscow Journal" - wokuqala lowu Russian zoncwadi, nayo imisebenzi kunye Karamzin.

Ngaxeshanye, yena likhuphe ehlanganiswe kunye neengqokelela ezithe bayiqinisa njengokuba noyise theka iincwadi Russian. Phakathi kwabo, "Aglaia", "yonk 'into ekuthiwa iincwadi lwangaphandle", "zochuku yam" kunye nabanye.

Ngaphezu koko, i uMlawuli Alexander I buzinzile kwisihloko mbali enkundleni Karamzin. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ekubeni akukho namnye lifumene isihloko onjalo. Oku qinisa nje kuphela yemali Nicholas Mikhailovich, kodwa iqinise isikhundla salo eluntwini.

Karamzin njenge umbhali

Kwilifa zombhali Karamzin wajoyina xa kwinkonzo, njengoko iinzame ukuzama mna kule nkalo ibe yimpumelelo kakhulu eyunivesithi.

nobuciko Karamzin lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe imigca ezintathu eziphambili:

• fiction, yinto ebalulekileyo yelifa (kuluhlu: amabali, iinoveli);
• imibongo - kube incinane kakhulu;
• fiction, imisebenzi zembali.

Ngokubanzi, impembelelo imisebenzi yakhe iincwadi Russian onokufaniswa nempembelelo yoluntu Catherine kaThixo - kubekho iinguqu eziye zenziwa ukuze kuncedakale abantu kushishino.

Karamzin - umbhali, Waba isiqalo le ncwadi entsha Russian, ixesha oluqhubekeka unanamhla.

Sentimentalism ngemisebenzi Karamzin

Karamzin uNikolay Mihaylovich wajika ingqalelo ababhali kunye, ngenxa yoko, yaye abafundi zabo izivamvo njengoko njengomntu lubalaseleyo. Yiyo lo msebenzi, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba sentimentalism kwaye eyahlula ukusuka classicism.

Xa intliziyo esiqhelekileyo, ilungelo zendalo yobukho bomntu kufuneka mgaqo obengo, kunye nokukhululwa iimvakalelo inhliziyo yakho, ukuphucula inxalenye yenyama yomntu hlobo, nto leyo unikwa ngemvelo kwaye kulindelekile.

UTshawe akusekho ekuso. ngamnye yakhe, ayinike a unique. ngamava wakhe, ndayihluthwa yamandla ayo, nezenza, bafundise ihlabathi ukuziva Babaqhathanisele, ukuba baphendule utshintsho.

imveliso Software of sentimentalism kuncwadi Russian kuthathwa ngokuba "Poor Liza". Le ingeyonyani ngokupheleleyo. UNikolay Mihaylovich Karamzin, umsebenzi wakhe ngokoqobo liqhuma emva kokupapashwa "Iileta Umhambi Russian", saqaliswa sentimentalism Podorozhniy amanqaku.

umbongo Karamzin

imibongo Karamzin abahlala isithuba ngaphantsi kakhulu umsebenzi wakhe. Kodwa musa lula ukubaluleka kwabo. Njengoko imbongi iprozi Karamzin neophyte uba sentimentalism.

Imibongo ixesha swi Lomonosov, Derzhavin, lo gama UNikolai Mikhailovich utshintsho khondo ukuya sentimentalism yaseYurophu. Yokuziqhelanisa lamaxabiso ncwadi. Endaweni, ihlabathi lwangaphandle obengo, umbhali delves ehlabathini engaphakathi emntwini, banomdla amagunya bakhe bokomoya.

Mu kuya kwa nshita yamandulo, abalinganiswa abalinganiswa ubomi obulula, ngemihla, ngokulandelelana, Karamzin kumbongo into - ubomi obulula, njengokuba yena. Kakade ke, xa ukuchazwa uyazikhwebula Imbongi lwesiqhelo evela izikweko aluhlaza kunye nothelekiso esebenzisa imvano standard and elula.

Kodwa ke oku akuthethi ukuba isihobe kuba amahlwempu laliphakathi nje. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuba abe nako ukuchola efumaneka iindlela zobugcisa, kangangokuba baye wavelisa ziphumo zinqwenelekayo kwaye ngexesha elinye wakukhalimela amava uTshawe - yiloo njongo ephambili esukelwa Karamzin umbongo.

Imibongo azikho omkhulukazi. Badla bonisa mbini ubume boluntu, iindlela ezimbini ngokujonga izinto, umanyano kunye nomzabalazo izichasi.

iprozi Karamzin

imigaqo yobuhle Karamzin uboniswa iprozi afumaneka kwiincwadi zakhe theoretical component. Yena unyanzelisa ukuhamba ukusuka phithi zakudala kunye rationalism ukuya uvakalelo lomntu, ihlabathi yakhe ngokomoya.

Umsebenzi ophambili - ukulukuhla umfundi ukuya kutsho kuma-vusiwana, ukufumana ukuba nje kuphela uTshawe, kodwa naye. Ngoko, uvelwano kufuneka kungakhokelela inguqu lwangaphakathi mntu, simenze ukuphuhlisa izibonelelo bakhe bokomoya.

umsebenzi esibalisayo icala efanayo kwakhiwa kule mihobe: ubuncinane esimbaxa isantya intetho nathanda frills. Kodwa hleze amanqaku umhambi efanayo yayingekho iingxelo eyomileyo, igxila nomqondo ka kwidispleyi, abalinganiswa kuza kucaca.

Ibali Karamzin ukuchaza ngokweenkcukacha kwenzeka ntoni, usa exabileyo uhlobo lwenkanuko yezinto. Kodwa njengoko amava kwamanye amazwe, kwakukho abaninzi, ukuba iphepha badlula ngentluzo le authorial "I". Yena Awabotshwanga ukuqiniswa lwemibutho abazi. Umzekelo, i-London enokuba engakukhumbulanga na iibhulorho iThames nenkungu, kunye ngokuhlwa, xa izibane zikhanyiswe, yaye isixeko kukhanya.

Abalinganiswa umbhali wena - oku noogxa bakhe okanye interlocutors, lowo Karamzin wadibana ngexesha hambo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kuphela basebukhosini. Lowo uthetha ngaphandle kokuthandabuza kunye socialites, nabafundi abahlwempuzekileyo.

Karamzin - mbali

kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba kukhokelela imbali Karamzin kaThixo. Xa Alexander I wammisa mbali enkundleni, ubomi Karamzin kunye nomsebenzi kwaezo utshintsho oluphawulekayo kwakhona: akavumi imisebenzi loncwadi kunye ukuntywiliselwa ngokupheleleyo ukubhala imisebenzi zembali.

Isimanga, kodwa umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala zembali, "Emakuqatshelwe phezu Ancient and Modern Russia nobudlelwane zayo zezopolitiko yoluntu" Karamzin enikelwe ukugxeka ohlaziya mlawuli. Injongo "Memoirs" wayeza ukubonisa amacandelo angqingqwa oluntu, kwakunye ukungoneliseki kwabo Ushintsho zobunene. Kwakhona wazama ukufumana ubungqina ngamampunge iinguqulelo ezinjalo.

Karamzin - umguquleli

Karamzin, biography kunye nomsebenzi okudala zahlukahlukene kakhulu, efuna yena kananjalo kwinkalo wokuguqulela. Nokufuna ukuze baphumelele. UNikolai Mikhailovich waba umkhwa omkhulu nje kuphela, kodwa inguqulelo enye ingcali yale ixesha lakhe.

Iilwimi apho waguqulela imisebenzi:

• IsiNgesi;
• French;
• IsiJamani.

Umbhali akazange iinguqulelo zokoqobo ukuyenza, kwaye stylistically bazama ukulungisa kancinane kubo, ukuba, ukuze zokuphatha zabo 'indlebe Russian. " Akazange kuphela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo indlela kokubhalwa yokuqala, kodwa kwakhona ngocoselelo babesebenza kwakhona nokudalwa mood, nto leyo eziqulathwe kule yokuqala, ukuba singalahlekani amasuntswana encinane ukudlulisa amava.

Ukufumana ukusebenza ekudalweni umbhali ethile, wafunda Karamzin ubuchule, ngokufutshane ekuqhelaniseni abafundi ngolwazi olongezelelweyo.

Umbhali wachaza nemigaqo esisiseko ezintathu, ekufuneka ngokusekelwe translation ezikumgangatho ophezulu:

• Clean - Ngokuphathelele izinto ngokulandelelana.
• Ngobuqhophololo - libhekisela ukufana zobugcisa.
• Injabulo - le nguqulelo kufuneka ngokuchaneke kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kodwa nayiphi na kwenzeka ngaxeshanye. Lula ukuba aqondwe.

guqula Karamzin ulwimi

Echaphazela umsebenzi uncwadi Karamzin kaThixo ayikwazanga singazidibanisa utshintsho kwintetho. Umsebenzi ophambili we umbhali wayesondela eliphilileyo, ulwimi oluthethwayo. Wayefuna ukuba alihlambulule evela isigama ugugile, iingcaciso ethelekelelwayo. Kodwa bonke UNikolai Mikhailovich naye ngowelinye iqela kakubi amagama folksy, ezo ezingangeniyo ekuqondeni umgangatho intetho, ezifikelelekayo, kodwa ezintle.

Karamzin zacebisa ulwimi Russian, ngokuqulunqa amagama amatsha amaninzi, enkosi kongezwe iziseko, inguqu amabinzana okanye ndiyabazisa bevela kwezinye iilwimi. Phakathi la mazwi: mveliso, uthando, ubuntu, kunye nabanye.

"Imbali uRhulumente Russian"

Umsebenzi idumileyo zembali, ayibhala Karamzin - "Imbali karhulumente Russian." Isiseko womsebenzi waya "Iimeko Ancient and Modern Russia nobudlelwane zayo zezopolitiko emkhosini." Kubhaliwe sisebenzela kuyo, Karamzin uNikolay Mihaylovich, ogama bezisoloko lwesihloko zembali, amanqaku, imbali imisebenzi, cinga malunga nokudala umsebenzi omkhulu kwanabacazululi.

Wakhuph 'kuhlobo wonke umsebenzi, wafikelela ulwazi yemihla, uninzi ezazisetyenziswa kuqala lwezesayensi jikelele. Karamzin ukusungulwa nje kwiimvuthuluka zembali, kodwa afumane imithombo ezintsha ezintsha. Ngoko ke, nguye ovule le Ipatiev indaba.

Ubume bale "Imbali":

• Intshayelelo - uchaza indima imbali isayensi;
• imbali de 1612 ukususela zizizwe zalapho.

ibali zonke, ibali liphela kunye nezigqibo umlinganiswa yokuziphatha ngentsulungeko.

Meaning of "Imbali"

Xa umsebenzi ugqityiwe Karamzin, "Imbali kaRhulumente Russian" ngokoqobo saa okwe kuku ezishushu. Inyanga edlulileyo 3,000 iikopi sele athengiswe. "Imbali" zaye funda yonke into: isizathu awuzali kuphela amabala amhlophe kwimbali karhulumente, kodwa elula, lula ntetho. Ngomhla isiseko sale ncwadi, ngoko kwakungekho nanye umsebenzi wobugcisa, ngenxa yokuba "imbali" ibuye ibe umthombo yamabali.

"Imbali uRhulumente Russian" waba umsebenzi wokuqala analytical embalini Russian. Kwakhona iye yaba ipateni nomzekelo olunye uphuhliso umdla kwimbali kweli lizwe.

Umbhali unyanzelisa ukusebenza lobuzwilakhe njengoko ekuphela kwendlela lokwenyaniso yobomi karhulumente. Oku kwabangela isiyaluyalu phakathi inxalenye zobunene-nye yabemi.