Car tappet: umgaqo ukusebenza kunye nesixhobo

La malungu ziqukiwe kuyilo imoto kutshanje. Xa 60s Baqala ukuxhobisa ezinye iimodeli iimoto. Ulwakhiwo nokusebenza siseko hydraulic umdla abaqhubi ezininzi, ngoko ke kufuneka uthethe ngayo.

yena wenza ntoni?

Xa ngeemoto inxeba phezulu, zonke iinkcukacha lwesakhiwo yayo lusitsha ukuze lobushushu sezingeni eliphezulu. Omnye nokwakheka zesikolo ikhosi sonke siyazi ukuba ukwandisa xa itshiswe umzimba. Ukuze uphephe breakage, izahlulo ngamnye ukunxiba-neengcambu, kuphela kukho ezizodwa izikhewu thermal injini. Xa injini ukufudumala, ke wendele ngenxa yokwanda ubungakanani iinkcukacha ezithile. Kodwa macandelo bubudala ubungakanani zabo xa itshiswe akakwazi ukufunxa isikhewu thermal. Oku eyona ndlela kuchaphazela iimpawu obuluqilima kunye nezinye le powertrain.

Kutheni tappet kule moto

umsantsa Thermal e indlela drive ye ivelufa kuchaphazela kakhulu umgangatho womsebenzi, kunye jikelele kwindlela yokusebenza injini. Ngenxa iindawo wear eqhelekileyo atshintsha rhoqo umgama kwi kwemithambo. Ekuqaleni kwimbali injini yokutsha lwangaphakathi, izithuba luhlengahlengiswe esebenzisa utsalo eziqhelekileyo. efunekayo inkqubo Le njalo, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu yobumbaxa kunye neendleko nenkqubo.

Ngoko ke, iinjineli kufuneka ukwenza ubomi lula ukuba abaqhubi beemoto, kuphuhliswa tappet. Umgaqo umsebenzi ngayo ukufunxa izikhewu phakathi iindawo eziza kusetyenziswa camshaft kwaye phakathi rockers, iingalo yesitshixo, iivelufa kunye nemivalo. Ngoko ke, lo imbuyekezo akayi kuxhomekeka ubushushu okanye iqondo banxibe kwamalungu kunye neendibano.

iintlobo ukushaya

Faka la macandelo singaba naluphi na uhlobo iindlela ixesha. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo loyilo ucuphe ixesha, kukho iindidi ezine ezisisiseko lifters hydraulic. It pushers, gidroopory ngenxa zokuxhathisa okanye iingalo yesitshixo, kwakunye tappets roller.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba uyilo koomatshini yahlukile, izenzo isimiso esifanayo. Bonke bephela zenzelwe ukuba bavale izithuba phakathi lifters ivalve kunye camshafts.

Umzekelo, lo mgaqo Eziniyeni kwi "Chevrolet Niva" kukuba endaweni nokuvuma yemveli esemthethweni nezitshixo zalo entloko cylinder ngoku kusetyenziswa iindibano impompo. Ezi izibini inkqubo ukuthambisa ajikeleze engena kulwelo ukusebenza hydraulic. Oku kubangela sokunqika lonke ixesha icinezelwe nxamnye camshaft cam. Abanezixhobo ezinjalo akukho mfuneko ukulungisa okudingekayo.

Ukususela imbali yale ndlela

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba uninzi isithuthi yokuqala leyo lixhotyiswe ezi neeyunithi ezincinane, yi "Cadillac 452". Oku eqokelelwe ngowe-1930. Njengoko unit amandla wasebenzisa V16. Ukuze kube lula nokugcinwa kunye nokulungiswa yeemoto ngoxa wazibuza ukuba kutheni tappet lo mgaqo oko yasungulwa kamva. Ngoko ke, kukho ulwazi ukuthandwa ezi ndlela weza kwi 80s, xa imarike yayizele yeemoto Japanese.

kanjani tappet

Phakathi kwiindawo ezinkulu womatshini zingahlukaniswa umzimba impompo isibini, ngumthombo kunye valve ngetshekhi. Njengoko izindlu (a izindlu inokuba nomahluko ngokuxhomekeke kuyilo actuator) inokuba zezindlu tappets, yesitshixo ingalo, okanye inxalenye yalo intloko njengesilinda.

Umgaqo ukusebenza imoto ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi yakhelwe element pump. Yena, ke, iqulathe izingxobo, evumela ibhola ukuya kwicala elithile. Kwakhona kuyilo ibhola zinako ukuqatshelwa. Kuyinto cylinder intsimbi a ngelo emazantsi ine lokuvula. Idibanisa ukuvulwa lweHo- ngaphakathi iinkcukacha kunye nangaphantsi.

Ezinye izindlu apho kukho odnoplechny plungers lever zinika akukho ukuqanda yangaphakathi. Impompo spring ephakathi impompo kunye emkhonweni ngokwayo. Ivelufa ukubuya kusetyenziswa ibhola kuhlinzwa emthonjeni.

Umgaqo ukusebenza okufanelekileyo kwezivalo hydraulic

Ziyinyaniso Ngelo xesha, xa cam le camshaft kuthelekiswa lo uthengisa na icala reverse, akazange akayeki. Nangona injini kuyabanda, phakathi umlandeli cam kwaye kukho umsantsa. Spring xa amandla sibhekiswa iya kuqalisa lityhale impompo kude kumgama akuthethi ziphele ngokupheleleyo. Ngelo xesha linye i-oyile kwinkqubo ukuthambisa ajikeleze kule moto udlula umthombo zilayishwe ibhola vana kungena kwisisu engaphakathi compensator.

Kwi kokutshintsha camshaft kew ayicinezele nxamnye umzimba uthengisa. Ngoko ke, kukho izindlu xinzelelo enambuzelayo phantsi, ukuvala ezi zicatshulwa ioli. Ivelufa ibhola ivaliwe ngeli xesha, yaye ingcinezelo ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi ulwelo ngezantsi ukunyuka impompo. Nje ngoko ke kunzima ukuba compress kulwelo, umphunga isebenza kumgaqo inkxaso engqongqo kunye nomkhosi cam luyasuka kuye esiqwini vana. Hi ndlela leyi, lo mgaqo le "ngumba" omkhulu ezinye ibonisa enkulu.

Nangona umsantsa ukuba ukho kweli isiqalelo pump yi microns 0.8 kuphela, neoli ezikwisimo imali encinci uya ngenkqubo egumbini phakathi impompo kunye emkhonweni. Ngenxa yoko, ibhola bewuhlisele kancinci. Imilinganiselo kwamanzi kuya kuxhomekeka kwinani revolutions le crankshaft. Ngokwandisa RPM kusehla ukuvuza hydraulic ulwelo ukusuka impompo.

Umsantsa (ngexesha xa umlandeli cam ushiya akhe-) ihlawulelwa umkhosi spring ukubuyela yaye ingcinezelo oyile. Lo mgaqo yokusebenza imoto ngamanzi kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho izithuba engaphezulu phakathi iziqalelo. Kuyenzeka ukuba ukufikelela ngenxa unxibelelwano nzima phakathi kwiindawo balo matshinana kwerhasi bomtya. Xa injini kumo, ubukhulu kumacandelo compensator nazo itshintsha, kodwa ezi tshintsho babuyekezwe ngoko nangoko.

Ubuhle nobubi

Ukusebenzisa ezi ndlela avumela abaqhubi beemoto ukuphepha inkqubo uhlengahlengiso vana yokususwa ngesandla. Ukongeza, umsebenzi injini yaba kukuqala. Ngokuphawulekayo kunciphise imithwalo kukothuka, uvumela ukuba sandise ubomi iinxalenye nokunciphisa iziphumo zesandi ixesha xa usebenzisa le yunithi. Ukushaya, umgaqo kuwo wavumela ixesha ukuba bagcine ngqo izigaba nokwabiwa igesi. Oku ukulondolozwa kakuhle kwamacandelo igunya, namandla, izikhombisi amafutha.

Phakathi ezingalunganga ezikumgangatho ekwanti abahlelelekileyo isiqalo ingxolo ye injini abandayo. Kule imizuzwana embalwa yokuqala xi yeoli akakafiki kwinqanaba elifunekayo, ngoko ke compensators zinokuba kunkqonkqozwa kancinane. Oku kuyinyaniso nokuba iimoto zasemzini, kuba umgaqo osebenza kuyo Eziniyeni "Mkhulu Wall" ayikho eyahlukileyo kakhulu ukusuka kuphuhliso lwasekhaya.

Izizathu ezithile uphume kwinkqubo

Ngaphandle elula koyilo, le yunithi nabo asilele. Kwiimeko ezininzi, esona sizathu ithandwa - ukuba loo injini emdaka yokuqaba channels. Okanye ukuguga okukhulu na iindawo abasebenza ngayo backstop vana. Ungcoliseko kunokwenzeka ngenxa yeoli engalunganga, ukutshintshwa wenziwe ngexesha engalunganga, okanye yokuwa ne oil filter.

Ukuba umsantsa inyuswe ebikhona impompo ibandla, ioli ukuvuza inkqubo nande. Ukuqina ilahlekile, leyo isebenza tappet, umgaqo Working kukuba xi oyile kufuneka abe khona ngokuyimfuneko. Into efanayo xa kakhulu ezigugileyo esingajijekiyo egumbini loxinzelelo.

Ngaphakathi tappet kufuneka uzaliswe ukuthambisa ajikeleze hydraulic ndawoni inye. Ukuba kukho umoya em-, izithuba na babuyekezwe ngokupheleleyo, ukuba konke konke uya kuba. Kulo mzekelo, kunokunceda ukulungisa Eziniyeni. Kwakhona, ukulungiswa kuya kufuneka ukuba umba yi exabileyo indlela babeka ingqushu.

Indlela lingafuni?

Kuyimfuneko ukuba sihlale sicocekile ngaphakathi enjinini. Kucetyiswa ukuba indawo rhoqo izihluzi grease kwixesha ngokwemilinganiselo yakowayo. Kufuneka kwakhona wahlamba rhoqo phambi injini lesithambiso replacement. Kufuneka wazi ukuba izikhewu ezincinane gizhrkompensatore ifuna ukusetyenziswa kakhulu amafutha ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Kuyenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa ioli medium viscosity eyenziweyo okanye eziphantse-zokwenziwa.

Uxilongo kunye nokulungiswa hydraulic

Ukuxilonga into eyaphukileyo kunokuba ibibhutyuzwe isici. Emva koko ngesixhobo ibitheni ukufumana abangaboniyo ahlolwe ukuze kukuwohloka umonakalo. Ukuba umba ingcolile, kucetyiswa ukuba kuhlamba acetone.

Iziqalelo ayisebenzi ngendlela efanelekileyo, kukho additive ekhethekileyo Eziniyeni. Iindlela ivumela ukuba kupheliswe iingxolo ezibangela ngexesha nokusebenza mechanism, yaye ngempumelelo ecoca le nto.