Chaza iintlobo omfisi. Amagama amalungu kunye nezakhiwo omfisi

Enye izityalo indala iplanethi yethu omfisi. Ukhula amahlathi ashinyeneyo kunye kwiindawo boggy. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-20,000 esi sityalo ikhethekileyo. Igama iifeni kunye nesakhiwo zabo, siye sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha kweli nqaku.

incazelo

Ukususela umyalelo yefeni kuba isebe izityalo ngaphezulu. Bathi a laphu conductive, nto leyo inika intsingiselo kunye namanzi onke amalungu. Izityalo luqulathe ingcambu, isiqu kunye aphuhliswe kakuhle amagqabi. Iintyatyambo imbewu angenako. Ngakumbi amagama imizimba yefeni ziya kuxutyushwa ngakumbi. Ezi zityalo ifumaneka phantse naphi na ehlabathini. Noko ke, kule ekweleenjiko kufumile ingqalelo ukungafani lwabo olukhulu. Ngomhla ubungakanani ezi zityalo zombini ezincinane kakhulu (a iisentimitha ezimbalwa), yaye abade, enamandla (iimitha ukuya ku-20).

Amagama amalungu kunye nezakhiwo omfisi

Roots. Kule sityalo aphantsi. Oku kuthetha ukuba i ingcambu na equlunqiweyo phantse, endaweni, kwasekwa namahlumela kunye namagqabi. Neziqu abasakwazi ezahlukeneyo, zozibini isakhiwo lwangaphakathi kunye nenkangeleko. Ezinye iifeni kungenzeka enyakazelayo okanye ukunyuka, kodwa ngqo zesiqhelo kakhulu rhoqo. Ukususela stem phezulu kubuna amagqabi kahle esikhulu. Ukuba enze umsebenzi sporulation kunye fotositneza. Kwicala elingaphantsi amagqabi zivuthwe sporophylls. Esiwa emhlabeni, "libhinqa" imbewu sikhule prothallia ezo amacwecwe amancinane amilise okwentliziyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, netoti elingekho ngaphezu kwesinye isentimitha. Phezu amacwecwe ezi-ebizwa ngokuba 'ababhinqileyo "amalungu esini. mikrozarostki Of Imbewu iinkunzi kwasekwa abaqolileyo isidoda. Bona eyalo ngumoya, imithi eziwayo, ingca, njl Emva ekukhuleni yeqokobhe kunye komsipha yayo 'yindoda' imbewu kokusingqongileyo. Ngamanzi isidoda ongena zarostok ababhinqileyo. Ngoko ke kukho isityalo esitsha. Kulo intliziyo-zarostok libunile aze afe. Ezinye iifeni nga yezeka. Kulo mzekelo, izityalo ezitsha akhiwa kumagqabi abadala ilele phezu komhlaba. Ekubeni iingcambu emhlabeni nokukhula ngokuhamba kwexesha. Xa iifeni cambium angekhoyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto amandla abo kunye ukukhula kuphela, yaye likhaba ezingeyo amakhonkco zonyaka. Ezi zityalo ezikhethekileyo - kumila.

Types kunye namagama

Amanye amalungu ale yunithi izinto zokuhombisa kakhulu. Ezinye iifeni, iifoto kunye amagama ezo zichazwe kweli nqaku, iipropati ukuphiliswa ezahlukeneyo. Kanti abanye - ezisasazwa kwi culinary (bracken, strausnik, osmundra brown). Kukho zizityalo eziyityhefu, ezifana Dryopteris. Iifeni, ngokuxhomekeke yokuhlala, zahlulwe zibe ezisentlabathini kunye nezilwanyana zasemanzini. Kukho kwakhona elinye iqela elikhulu - emthini.

Nephrolepis

Kuyo esi sityalo emangalisayo intle endlwini Kuyashisa eMelika. Anakho elide, egosogoso arc vayami amagqabi esimfaneleko obutofotofo.

omfisi iinciniba

Igama esi sityalo sele ifumene enkosi ukufana amagqabi kunye nemilo iintsiba kweenciniba. Sikhula phezu emaphethelweni imigxobhozo, kumahlathi emanzi zizandyondyo. Fast nokuzalela, isityalo eyenza iintshinyela ezishinyeneyo. It strausnik ukusebenzisa ngeentyatyambo for amaqoqo kunye namalungiselelo intyatyambo.

lady-omfisi

Ukhula kwimimandla izimvi mnyama. Oku kunokubonwa kwizihlambo peatlands amahlathi. Athyrium yakha tussock in marshland. Amagqabi ayo dissected ngamandla ube umbala oluhlaza ukukhanya. Ebusika, baya kufa. Ingcambu elifutshane, kodwa obukhulu ngokwaneleyo. Entlakohlaza ziqala ukukhula amagqabi abatsha omtsha. Imbewu plant ekhuthazwa.

phlebodium yegolide

Esi sityalo sikhula kuyo imithi, ukuba eziqhotyoshelwe buti "imilenze." Kuye ziwele enabayo kunye kukubola brown-igolide ethambileyo, ukusuka apho yandisa pinnate amagqabi malunga 1.5 eemitha ubude.

bracken

Ukuphakama isityalo ukufikelela iisentimitha ngaphezulu kwama-60. Oku kwenzeka phantse kuyo yonke indawo, nkqu kwimihlaba ezomileyo kunye namahlwempu. UFern has a enabayo tye elide ramified, leyo kumkiwe amagqabi single mthubi. Iingcambu esi sityalo babe iipropati ephilisa kwaye zisetyenziswa kwezonyango.

maidenhair

Xa abantu, esi sityalo ubizwa ngokuba "iinwele nenekazi." It has a obhityileyo kakhulu kwaye elide (iisentimitha 35) ye amagqabi ukukhanya-eluhlaza acwangcise phezu abamnyama iziqu. Maidenhair uthanda umthunzi buso. Kokuba ezilinywa kwigadi ekhaya okanye ekhaya.

Dryopteris

Kwindalo esi sityalo sikhula ezintabeni phakathi emaweni okanye ehlathini enomthunzi. Njengoko unokufikelela ubude ngeesentimitha eziyi-30 ukuya 150. Dryopteris uye kumila ezinamandla, leyo kumkiwe amagqabi kunye petioles elide ezenza iplagi engenamqheba. Phuhlisa isityalo icotha gqitha. Igama of iifeni kwezinye iimeko, ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zazo begazi. Kunokuthiwa ngalo Dryopteris. Kwicala elingaphantsi amagqabi zesityalo zifumaneka imizimba otyebileyo egubungele reniform utshonisa ezifana namakhaka. Olu phawu wamnika igama omfisi. Isityalo esinetyhefu. Noko ke, oogqirha abaninzi usebenzisa yona imveliso potions nesiqu yokuphilisa.

tsiateynye ekhaya

Oku kuquka iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-600 zezityalo. Ezi yefeni asasazwa ikakhulu kwimimandla ifumile emvula. ukuphakama isityalo ukufikelela neemitha ngaphezu mabini. Uzinzo omfisi kunokwenzeka ngenxa plexus ashinyeneyo iingcambu nzima ezikhaphayo ezibumba inshorensi ifatyi le. Amagqabi zikholisa pinnate kunye elikhulu kunene. ubude yabo ibe ukuya kwiimitha ezintandathu. Ezinye iintlobo yefeni (amagama kunye eneefoto ezi thaca kule page) endaweni sothimbo seziqingatha ukuya lamina engundoqo anamacandelo embhoxo ilaphu ukuyilandela. Bona Ingasetyenziselwa utshintsho igesi. Kwezinye izityalo, iindawo anomoya anikwa ngaphezulu sheet.

tsibotievye ekhaya

Ikhula kakhulu amahlathi Asia, kuMbindi Merika, Mexico, kwi-South China kunye Hawaii. Abameli kule ntsapho esiqwini ngqo. Kushiya - kabini okanye kathathu pinnate. Phezulu le bhafu wambu inshorensi yokhuselo, eziquka iinwele ezithambileyo elide. Amagqabi Young kule isityalo edliwayo.

Tirsopterisovye

Amalungu ale ntsapho - omfisi Thyrsopteris elegans ukhula kuphela kwisiqithi Juan Fernandez, ibekwe i-Pacific Ocean kufuphi Umzantsi Melika. ukuphakama kwawo malunga 1.5 yeemitha.

Kultsitovye

Zimelwe iifeni amakhulu isiqu ezirhubuluzayo. Ubude kwisityalo, njengoko umthetho, ayidluli iisentimitha-50. Kushiya - 4, 5-pinnate amancinci (ukuya ku-3 cm). Petioles ke ukukhanya okanye limnyama. La magqabi na efakwe ngokupheleleyo, brown ezintofontofo ukukhanya okanye iinwele bubomvu. Amagama izityalo omfisi ezi zilwanyana zilandelayo: Culcita coniifolia (ikhula ngasentla kunye nakumbindi of South America) kunye C macrocarpa (e kummandla Macaronesian floristic). Inani labemi ezi zilwanyana kuthechu yokwehla. Kungenxa yoko le nto kusifikeleyo oku hlobo omfisi ziqukwe kuluhlu kwizityalo ezikhuselweyo Portugal ne Spain.

amanzi

Name omfisi - Salvinia marsileya kunye - lilungu iqela lesithathu lweentlobo zezityalo ochazwe sithi. Zihlala kuphela kumaqumrhu emanzini.

Ezine-Marsileya

Oku sisityalo esincinane ingaphelelwayo uye amagqabi klinkovidno-elirhangqiweyo kwelilingeneyo ngokubanzi. Sporokarpii 2-3 zinto kwi emazantsi petiole. Ngamnye kubo ubude mayelana 5 iimilimitha. Ngokuqhelekileyo Marsilea ukuphakama awudluli iisentimitha mabini. Noko ke, lencopho petioles of amagqabi ukufikelela kuma-80 cm kunye enabayo - malunga 1 imitha. Ngokuqhelekileyo olu hlobo omfisi esetyenziselwa nihombisa amachibi.

Salvinia

Le isityalo fanele ku enqabileyo yaye ifuna ukukhuselwa. Amaxesha amaninzi, Salvini lwahluma ngokukhethekileyo sobuciko Aquarium. Isityalo kunokubonwa kwamanzi kweegadi zezityalo. Ngaphandle, oko akafani ezi kumila njengesiqhelo. Isiqu Salvinia ende ebhityileyo (malunga ne-15 cm). Amagqabi ziqokelelwa ezintathu. Ababini kubo cordate yonke okweqanda. Iphepha Okwesithathu - kwamanzi. It igutyungelwe kweenwele ze uyinqunqe ibe imicwe Imicu, ezifana iingcambu. Eli phepha zidla a izondlo namanzi.

Indian

Igama lolu hlobo yefeni akufuneki ngondiva kwaziwa ukuba abalandeli izihluma Aquarium. Izityalo ezikhula yimvula umhlaba. Amagqabi ayo ukukhanya eluhlaza shwaka kamnandi. Xa iimeko zivuma, isiqulatho ukuba unokufikelela ubude ngeesentimitha eziyi-40-50.

Thai

izityalo Homeland - i-South-East Asia. UFern has a incence, amagqabi lanceolate engqongqo, owawufikelela iisentimitha amathathu ukuphakama. Bona zigxunyekwe rhizomes Okuluhlaza ziqine.