China: Convention 1876

Chifuskuyu ngokungena kwindibano ngowe-1876, China ukongeza iminikelo kunye nokuvulwa kwee mazibuko ezine ezintsha yavumelana ekudalweni kumazibuko evulekileyo abasemagunyeni mixed Chinese-angaphandle enkundla irhoxisiwe nokubekwa irhafu impahla evela kwamanye amazwe. Guangxu uMlawuli (Tsai Tien) wavuma ukuba ukungena kuwo onke kwamkelwa kwi-West, amalungelo kunye namalungelo oonozakuzaku kwaye yanika British norhwebelwano eBurma ukuya kwiPhondo Yunnan. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo "umama - amathanga and semi-amathanga" sakhiwa emanxuweni inkqubo "Iinkwenkwezi -. Nemingenela"

Wona inkqubo irhafu waqhubeka ukusebenza ixesha elide emva kokuba "umlaliso" iimfazwe. Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XIX. Beijing amaxesha ngamaxesha waqhubeka ukufika "uviko" mission nemida kwayo, yaye abavela kumazwe e-East ne-South-East Asia, nangona China iye yaba yinto lugonyamelo nkulu colonial, neyantlukwano kamva indawo. China: Convention 1876 ...

Kodwa, nkqu ukuwa ngokukhawuleza i-imi- 70-80 lwekhulu XIX. "Ukuze ihlabathi Chinese" kunye nokuguqulwa nemingenela Chinese izolo i-amathanga and semi-nwe ababusi nkulu West Beijing baye bazama ukugcina inkqubo unikelo endala. Kuhlaselwa England kunye neFransi eTshayina yabonakala eBeijing njenge "imvukelo bakhona 'akayilibalanga' imbeko" ukuze uNyana bamazulu. Ezi "bakhona wasentshona" omtsha ukuba 'wehlisa "okanye" wohlwaywe "njengoko nemingenela endala Asia. umlawuli chinese walwa nabo bayalingana, yaye "imvukelo" (umz: "zabe IsiNgesi"). Bogdyhana yayingekho efana ndasigqala yehlisa nokusabela kwisigidimi iintloko yaseYurophu ithi. Kunjalo, ubudlelwane kunye namandla 1861 ukuba wadala iziko ekhethekileyo inkqubo ehlazisayo ukuba uzowenza Koloni ngokusesikweni bupheliswe ngo 1873.

Emva kokubamba e Beijing emva 1860 akukho ze intloko karhulumente njengoko abameli kumazwe China alinganayo, kodwa njengabameli yamazwe ngabafakwa uviko. De 1873 abayi bavunyelwa le ntetho klk zakhe. Xa makhumsha wenza lo mkhosi, indawo yokugqibela kwiholo apho umlawuli ovame nemingenela okanye nabathunywa babo, ngaloo ndlela sigxininise "okungenaluzsini 'ubume Western amagunya-lobediteley.

China: Convention 1876