Copyright: imizekelo. Uxanduva ephula copyright

It itolikwa njengoko copyright yokuzala ongagunyaziswanga okanye ukuhanjiswa izinto nezikhuseli copyright :. Umculo, iincwadi, isoftware, imifanekiso eshukumayo, njl Ilungelo ubunini bepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda likhuselwe ngumthetho kumazwe amaninzi.

Yintoni "SANDF" kunye ngomgunyathi?

Copyright lungabonakaliswa magama conjugated: ngomgunyathi (ukuqhatha) kunye 'SANDF "(fake, kodwa ngokunxulumene nepropati ye copyright). Oku ngokuqinisekileyo mthetho, nto leyo esekelwe ekusebenziseni ubugcisa, wezenzululwazi noncwadi, phantsi kokhuselo copyright, ngaphandle kwemvume umbhali okanye copyright umnini, kwaye oku kubandakanya ukuhlukunyezwa ebhalwe kwisivumelwano malunga nokusetyenziswa imisebenzi ezithile eziliqela iimeko.

Eyona engundoqo Iintlobo copyright

Bucala rhoqo ngakumbi ezi zenzo mthethweni kubo bonke:

• ukopisha (ekhupha iincwadi, iirekhodi, njl);
• Ukusasazwa imveliso (irenti, intengiso, njalo-njalo);
• kuboniswe umphakathi;
• komsebenzi karhulumente umsebenzi iiholo kwikonsathi, zemidlalo njalo d..;
• wa_wayesasaza kwiradiyo, umabonwakude, njalo-njalo..;
• translation kwezinye iilwimi;
• umsebenzi processing (zokuveza).

Ekusebenzeni evela kwezi ntlobo kwephulwa copyright, ngoko ukuthetha, 'ukuhamba namaxesha. " Nabakhohlisi, ukusukela injongo iyileyo ezibonakalayo, benza fyabo ayikho ingcamango yokuqala, yaye indlela ekhethekileyo sabele copyright kuyo.

Xa ukuthotyelwa komthetho ngoku, umthetho nokuziqhelanisa lwasenkundleni, iqondo ityala kudla kumiselwa ngumnini copyright. Ngoko ke, nayiphi na intshukumo ukuba nje engamthandi okanye ibona kukho umqobo ukuba super-ingeniso, ziya kuqwalaselwa yinkundla qho mandatory ukwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo malunga umtsalane (okanye ukutsala) umoni ukuba imbopheleleko ethile.

amanqaku ngembali ngayo igama elithi "imfihlo"

Sisihlandlo sokuqala oko kusiwa 1603. Kungekudala emva koko, ibinzana elithi "SANDF" ifumaneka kwintshayelelo yombongo Alfreda Tennisona «I-Lover i-Tale»: «... isandula phantsi SANDF ezingcangcazelisayo".

Kaninzi ingafunyanwa kwi iitekisi ngezenzo zomthetho, umzekelo, kwi IsiNgesi ngolwimi ye-Berne Convention ka-1886 g:. "... iikopi zomgunyathi umsebenzi zixhomekeke nokuhlutha izinto naliphi na ilizwe kweManyano apho umsebenzi uyawuthanda ukhuselo lomthetho."

Igama elithi "SANDF" ngengqiqo yokuba "copyright" kwimibhalo Russian-lwimi, imithombo zomthetho kwinqanaba federal akuyonto, kodwa isetyenziswa rhoqo ngokwaneleyo kwiirekhodi enkundleni, uncwadi zomthetho kunye nemimiselo yendawo.

Ngokutsho kweminye imithombo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo bunxulunyaniswa ayiyontetho yemihla ngemihla journalistic.

Ngokutsho owaseka software intshukumo free Richarda Stollmana, ingqalelo lo gama sele ngokubanzi ezisetyenziswa ngokunxulumene ngoyaba ezi ndlela zemveli ngokuphathelele isoftware iilayisenisi, ukudala inkolelo engachananga kabi yakhe embi kakhulu. Ngokutsho kwakhe, yena enxulumene engaqondanga ne SANDF, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, bekusoloko enxulumene ukuphanga, ukuphanga, ukuxhwila, ukubulala, bathinjwa-ukuthatha, iinqanawa wayetshona kunye nezinye izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho olunobundlobongela.

Izinto ezibangela imfihlo

Okokuqala, kusilungele, ngakumbi ngokuphathelele indlela iindleko ukuze bazuze kuthelekiswa iindleko lweelayisensi umthombo.

lobuchwepheshe ezininzi mihla baye benza inkqubo ngokukhuphela ulwazi ngokwezivumelwano efikeleleka kakhulu kwaye sitshiphu.

Kwixesha elidlulileyo, abenzi lomthetho kusikhusela yendalo: inzuzo yobugcisa kunye kuqoqosho ngokubanzi. Nabani na lento kwakhona ngesandla umbandela okanye ubhale kuyo umatshini wokuchwetheza, kodwa umgangatho kunye neendleko yezi kopi kuya kuba ngaphantsi kakhulu ngamaxwebhu entsusa.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, zonke iindlela zokuphila itshintshe kakhulu. Umzekelo, isethi eqhelekileyo izixhobo ofisi (umshicileli, Umatshini kunye nekhompyutha) ngokulula uya kwenza i-analogu incwadi ukushicilela kwi wokuhlanganisa, kunye iindleko yayo iya kulingana ngexabiso nemakethe. Yaba ithemba super-iingeniso - ingcambu unobangela-SANDF.

Oku ngokuqhelekileyo isasazeka kumazwe apho izinga leengeniso ngamnye lisezantsi kakhulu. Ngoko ke, oyena nobangela SANDF kula mazwe wakhetha amatyala abantu (ixabiso ngomgunyathi usezantsi kakhulu ngaphezu iindleko zokuvelisa zomthetho).

Ngokungafaniyo "SANDF" nxamnye zokuveza

Kuyinto usukelo-sentlalo. Ke ukuba i "SANDF 'ukuba umoni ufuna kangangoko izinto benefit kunokwenzeka, ukukhathaza inkalo zokuziphatha esemthethweni ityala.

Kwimeko zokuveza, yena injongo eyahlukileyo - ingqalelo abaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo umsebenzi wakhe (ngokungekho mthethweni abolekwe umbhali langoku). Kunye nale utyekelo, ngokwesiqhelo inzuzo langoku nezorhwebo.

Yintoni na ke ngenxa copyright?

Le nto ke yinto eqhelekileyo kule mihla. Ukuba yesifundo alukhange lufumane imvume esemthethweni ukusebenzisa impahla yomnye umntu, kunokwenzeka ukuba athi ukuba kukho kukwaphula ezaziwa copyright. Ngo-sikhokelo mthetho Russian abonelelwe uxanduva yoluntu noluntu.

zobutyala bukarhulumente ukuze impazamo oluvakaliswe imo sisohlwayo ngohlobo izohlwayo okanye kokuthathwa impahla, okanye ezinye iindlela.

Kungaba:

• yolwaphulo-mthetho;
• zolawulo.

Umhlaseli ifuna omnye kuphela kwezi zingasentla. Ngokutsho komthetho, uxanduva lolawulo nga inxaxheba njenge iziko elisemthethweni (ngaphandle kwesithintelo) kunye civil (ukuba ukuhlukunyezwa angaweli phantsi udidi mthetho: umonakalo ngaphantsi kwe-50 amawaka engange ..). Kungenjalo, ukuba sele abachaphazeleka ngqo kulo mthetho.

Isiseko uxanduva lolawulo ubuciko. 7.12 koMgaqo lolawulo ngenxa yolwaphulo - Art. 146 of the Code Criminal: ". Ukophulwa se copyright"

Ngenxa yoko, izenzo yokugqibela ngenxa zokuphula kakhulu: izenzo zorhwebo ezenziwe ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, nto leyo ekhokelele ukusetyenziswa engagunyaziswanga copyright okanye amalungelo ezinxulumene, ngenxa apho inzuzo engaphezulu kwe-50 amawaka engange .. okanye 250 amawaka. bagcobe. (Kwimeko isikali enkulu).

yeTyala kuLuntu ukuze impazamo kuthatha isiphumo kuphela xa umnqweno yexhoba. Kulo mzekelo umoni okanye uhlawula imbuyekezo efanelekileyo umbhali okanye liya kuzihlawula umonakalo okanye ilahleko inzuzo.

inkalo esisemthethweni ukhuselo lwelungelo lomenzi

Kwilizwe lethu, oku kubonelelwa nguMthetho ka July 9, 1993 N 5351-1 «On Copyright and Rights Related", ngakumbi ngqo, icandelo wawo wesihlanu - "The ukhuselo lwelungelo lomenzi kunye namalungelo anxulumeneyo", equka amanqaku amathathu kule sihloko (48, 49, 50).

Ngoko ke, inqaku 48 yasekwa umthetho copyright, edwelisa le ngcaciso ilandelayo:

1. On ngezenzo anokukhokelela ekubeni nobutyala mthetho, ezolawulo ne yoluntu.
2. Into yokuba i-non ukuthotyelwa mfuno zingentla umthetho abantu zomthetho emzimbeni zijongwa violators.
3. Malunga ziqonde oko isebenza kunye neekopi zale phonogram izinto zomgunyathi.

Uxanduva nezilawulwa solwaphulo copyright?

Ukuze benze oku, kweli lizwe lethu kukho inqaku ohambelana (146) of the Code Criminal - ". Ukophulwa copyright kunye namalungelo anxulumene"

Likwamisa ukuba izohlwayo copyright - yenye izohlwayo ebekwe kwi umntu ogwetyiweyo (ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo izenzo zakhe).

Kwimeko umsebenzi wombhali (zokuveza), ilandelwe yi ngomnye ezi zohlwayo zilandelayo:

1. ukusebenza efunwayo, elinokuthatha iiyure 180 ukuya 240.
2. Isohlwayo copyright mali ka amawaka 200 engange.
3. Ukumbamba isithuba seenyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu.

Ngaphandle ukusetyenziswa ngokungekho mthethweni (yokugcina, nokufunyanwa, kuthuthwe) leekopi zomgunyathi izohlwayo zilandelayo ebekwe:

• isohlwayo copyright (amawaka 200 engange, okanye ingeniso, kuquka umvuzo isithuba seenyanga ezilishumi elinesibhozo ..);
• umsebenzi kufuneka (180 - 240 iiyure);
• ukumbamba (ukuya kwiminyaka emibini).

Copyright (inqaku UFPA) Iqela badlali labantu okanye iqela umbutho okanye umntu, ngubani wasebenzisa isikhundla sakhe esemthethweni, okanye isikali elikhulu ijongene izohlwayo zilandelayo:

• ejele (ukuya kwiminyaka eli-6);
• entle (ukuya kuma-500 lamawaka. ungazithambisi., okanye enye ingeniso, kuquka umvuzo iminyaka emithathu).

Yiyiphi indlela i ixhaphake kakhulu kwi sikhokelo wokhuseleko copyright?

Kakade ke, kuba imbuyekezo ngenxa yomonakalo. Imbuyekezo for copyright - enye indlela wokhuseleko kuthelekiswa kwakhona yomonakalo. Ngamanye amazwi, eli lungelo liya kuba nelungelo nayiphi na imbuyekezo okanye kwakhona umonakalo.

Nakuba kunjalo, kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo into yokuba ukuchana imali ebalwe yomonakalo kwimeko nxamnye copyright ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela kunzima ukuqinisekisa.

Njengoko yokuhlawula isohlwayo, akukho mfuneko ukungqina ubungakanani, nto leyo ukukhusela amalungelo lombhali ukwenza lula kwaye kulula kakhulu.

iintlobo zembuyekezo

Imbuyekezo for copyright unako kusekwa:

• amawaka 10 -. 5 million engange. (Thathela ingqalelo uhlobo yolwaphulo- mthetho, ubude bayo, iziphumo, izinga ityala mthetho kunye nezinye iimeko);
• kabini ixabiso ilungelo lokusebenzisa umsebenzi (mvume), kuthathelwa ezinye izibonelelo akhawunti;
• kabini ixabiso iikopi zomgunyathi zomsebenzi.

Xa kumiselwa ubungakanani imbuyekezo bagwebe imigaqo yobulungisa nengqiqo (p. 3, v. 1252 GKRF).

Umxholo ibango copyright

Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amabango yahlulwe yezoqoqosho yokuziphatha, nangona kunjalo, ezisekelwe phezu nkcukacha yemitsalane copyright ngayo umbhali othile xa kunzima ukohlula phezu kwesi siseko, ngoko badla zihlelwa kunye kwinkqubo enye.

Kuba uhlobo non-mhlaba kuquka malungelo alandelayo:

• ingqwalasela;
• negunya;
• kwi ngokutsha kunye nokupapasha umsebenzi;
• ukukhusela igama ekhoyo.

A ibango copyright ingabhekiswa zombini iinkundla kwaye imizimba yophando kunye nophando lokuqala, ukusebenza kweli cala.

Abameli Non-propati zingaquka ezi mfuno zilandelayo:

• phezu ukuqaphela ilungelo elikhethekileyo (umzekelo, kwi ukuqatshelwa co-wombhali);
• lzheavtorstva ukuseka ubunyani yommangalelwa;
• ukubuyiselwa izibonelelo zokuqala yomthetho (ukuba amalungelo yayo);
• ngokuba kwezithandani ezenzo engozini ukunyhashwa elizayo ekunene okanye ugxobha sele;
• kokupapashwa isigqibo senkundla malunga ukuhlukunyezwa (ngeendleko umoni);
• imbuyekezo umonakalo yokuziphatha.

Isenzo impazamo izinto copyright uhlobo zingaquka ezi mfuno zilandelayo:

• ngokuba ukufunyanwa neemali (copyright ekumba);
• sembuyekezo umonakalo obangelwe isibakala copyright;
• phezu ukuqaphela zophuculo nasihlahla (thaca akayedwanga zabantu zinengcamango ethile imali omnye umntu).

Video SANDF njengomzekelo ocacileyo copyright

Eli gama idla zibonakaliswe yi lonikezelo mthethweni kunye nezinto yakhutshelwa (TV, imifanekiso eshukumayo, njl) Esebenzisa disks, iikhasethi, kwakunye Internet. Video SANDF nga kujoliswa njenge ngeniso (intengiso zempahla ezivenkileni, zibuke kunye ezifana. D.), Yaye ndifuna (wabelana ividiyo kunye nabahlobo kunye nabanye.).

Kwimeko yokuqala inguqulelo pirated ifilimu zingenzeka elide phambi kokuba ezisesikweni (umzekelo, kwakukho iimeko apho kukho inguqulelo ukusebenza ifilimu, ebiwe abasebenzi sele ifumaneka ngokorhwebo).

Umgangatho yokurekhoda kulo mzekelo zinokwahluka kakhulu kuleyo ikopi mvume, kodwa akukho mfuneko.

Kwilizwe lethu, ividiyo kunye neerekhodi piratical - ezi mizekelo zixhaphakileyo copyright, kodwa akukho kuthetha kuphela.

Kukho imiqondiso eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ngokohlobo lwezifinyezi eziye zongezwa kwi amagama ifayile esisiseko ezibonisa uhlobo iikopi.

Baye ifomu:

1. "Ekranki» (CAMRip - CAM). Njengomgaqo, loo izinto ezifotwe eqhelekileyo kubaphulaphuli movie, uye low quality ngokwaneleyo.
2. Telesync (TS). Better ikopi ulondoloze ikakhulu theatre umsebenzi ngekhamera zobungcali ekhwele enemilenze emithathu.
3. "Bolt» (telecine - TC). Umgangatho kuzimele idla ngaphezu avareji. Olu phando kwakhona lwavelisa theatre umsebenzi, kodwa telecine.
4. Ukuvuza version yokusebenza (workprint - WP). Lubonakala izinto kwizinga eliphakathi kwikhompyutha in a studio film.
5. iikopi sokunyusa avuza (DVD screener - DVDSCR kunye Screener - uhl), nto leyo isasazwa abahlalutyi umboniso, cinezela umboniso, njl nayo laliphakathi nje ...
6. DVDRip ebonakala iikopi kwizinga eliphezulu, efunyenwe yevidiyo okanye kwiivenkile ezithengisa.
7. R5 DVDRip - ikopi, yenzelwe amazwe ngamazwe yehlabathi yesibini neyesithathu.
8. HDTVRip, CATVRip, TVRip, SATRip - izinto okukhuphelweyo ifunyenwe kwi zosasazo.
9. BDRip (Blu-ray Disc RIP) - enkohliso esebenzayo kwizinga eliphezulu kakhulu, nto ifunyenwe BD disc ukukotshwa distribution yevidiyo.
10. VHS RIP - ikopi libya kakhulu, efunyenwe namakhasethi.

Ukongeza yevidiyo SANDF, usenakho kandziyisa le mizekelo impazamo iirekhodi piratical, isoftware enkohliso, imidlalo yekhompyutha kunye ivideo imidlalo.

Namacala zixhaphakileyo kule nkalo

Kukho ezi meko zilandelayo copyright:

• non-yentlawulo okanye intlawulo kwenxenye yomrhumo;
• kokupapashwa umsebenzi ngaphandle kwemvume umbhali ezahlukeneyo;
• copyright ngokubhekiselele iimfihlo imisebenzi yakhe;
• ukungabikho of ecacisa igama lombhali.

Kwaye oku asikokuphela kwayo le iintlobo amatyala. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ziganeko copyright, ingakumbi ukuthingaza ukuba ukhankanye umbhali oyinyaniso, zikhula kuluntu namhlanje.

Kubalulekile iimpawu yenkqubo kuthelekiswa excitation kunye nezigwebo ngokutsha kwamatyala copyright

Okokuqala, ke ingqalelo namatyala (nemincili xa isicelo yexhoba).

Okwesibini, ngokuba excitation ixhoba kufuneka ingenise isikhalazo ngqo enkundleni, kufuneka zibonise oku kulandelayo: ixesha ngexesha betyala, abo kuthwalelwa phandle, apho ebe sisiphumo isenzo okungalunganga kwaye yintoni kanye zixhaswa ziingxabano ixhoba ngokuphathelele ukubandakanyeka umoni uziphendulele.

Okwesithathu, inkundla akukho unelungelo lokushiya ngaphandle kokuva naziphi na izikhalazo ezifunyenweyo ngenxa akabalulekanga yalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kobungqina kakhulu, okanye ngenxa yaso nasiphi na esinye isizathu.

Ukuba emva ukwala ukuqalisa inkqubo yolwaphulo, kufuneka kukhutshwa isigqibo zenkqubo kwejaji, kufuneka futhi axele izizathu zeso sigqibo.

Okwesine, ityala copyright asingabo wanqunyanyiswa ngenxa kuluxolelaniso amaqela. Production lwenzeka kuzo ngendlela ngokubanzi (baqhuba izidumbu uphando lokuqala ofisi yomtshutshisi).

Okwesihlanu, ukuba copyright busisigxina okokuqala, yaye ulwazi malunga ngubani komoni kunye nohlobo izenzo zakhe ibonisa inxalenye enkulu amathuba ulungiso ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amanyathelo yolwaphulo-mthetho, inkundla isigqibo ukusiphelisa ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokudluliselwa elandelayo zonke izinto ngalo ingqalelo uye kwinkundla lobuhlobo.

Ngokutsho manani, ulinganisa ukuba nobutyala malunga betyala lunqabe iphunyezwe.

inkonzo olubanzi kunye lula online ngumculo ngaphandle copyright

Inani elikhulu iingoma zomculo, kwakunye accompaniments copyright, kunye nomnikelo wazo karhulumente kwezinye iisayithi akuvumelekanga.

Xa ilizwe lethu yamkela umthetho phezu ukhuselo lwemithombo copyright ngenxa yezenzo ezinjalo mthethweni, njengokukhuphela kunye nokusasazwa. Ngoko ke, ukusingatha ababoneleli ukuba ukuvala iindawo ethe yaphawulwa kukwaphula copyright.

Umculo ngaphandle copyright - umxholo zomculo, nto leyo simahla kwaye downloaded ngaphandle nakuphi na ukunyhashwa.

Namhlanje singakwazi inike iinkonzo ezifana olubanzi lula umculo ngaphandle naziphi na izithintelo, ezifana:

• Youtube.ru;
• Freemusicarchive.org;
• sites phantsi kweliso Creative Commons, kuquka danosongs.com, audionautix.com kunye sweetsoundeffects.com;
• rutube.ru;
• Jamendo.com.

Kwamanye amazwe le ukwanda umthetho?

Ngokobalo manani olu hlobo waphula izilangazelelo kolu didi abanini bamalungelo kuyinto eqhelekileyo kumazwe afana ne-Russia, China, Mexico, eUkraine, Brazil kunye Indonesia.

Esona sizathu siphambili kule meko ke kumdla kwezoqoqosho, ngokukodwa:

1. abanini malungelo monopolistic nokuphumeza amalungelo obunini kushicilelo nokuthengiswa usebenza amaxabiso aphezulu kakhulu, nto leyo kwiimeko ezininzi akuthethi masihambelane iimpawu yabathengi kwicandelo kwimarike ekujoliswe.
2. Kukho umahluko phakathi kwemigangatho abahlala kumazwe apho imveliso elizweni ipropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda (ixabiso ayifani ngokungqinelana nenqanaba umvuzo azithathelwa ngqalelo inqanaba iirhafu ezinyanzelekileyo kunye nabanye.), Nangona ingqalelo eyamkelekileyo kakhulu kwamaxabiso lizwe-eyakha iimveliso mvume.