Education Moscow State: ixesha eziphambili nabezopolitiko

Ngexesha lokulawula kaDaniyeli Alexandrovich njenge "unifier" umhlaba Russian bathabatha phezu eMoscow. Ivela kweli xesha iqala ukudaleka karhulumente esembindini kunye capital emanyeneyo. Rise of the Grand Duchy of eMoscow kunye iziko - e Moscow - nje kwenzeka. Oku lula indawo kakuhle geographical, umgaqo-nkqubo kulandelwa ngabalawuli Moscow, uphuhliso kokudlulisela olutsha ngokusebenzisa Russian iindlela zorhwebo komhlaba. Umsunguli ubukhosi yezikhulu eMoscow ithathwa ukuba abe ngunyana Aleksandra Nevskogo - Daniyeli, babanjwe ubulawuli webhodi ngo-1263 kwaye esebenzayo ekwandiseni emazweni zabo. Ngoko ke, ngo-1301 i-ubulawuli eMoscow ujoyine Kolomna, kwaye ngo-1303 - Mozhaysk. Kwiminyaka nje embalwa, uDaniyeli ebukumkanini ubulawuli lakhe liye landa kakhulu kwaye iye yaba ezinkulu nezinamandla kakhulu kwi kumntla-mpuma weRashiya.

nempembelelo enkulu phezu ukuyilwa kaRhulumente eMoscow waba ngukumkani Ivana Daniilovicha, ngokusisiseko waqhubeka nomsebenzi kayise zokwandisa ummandla umhlaba wabo kunye Belozerskoye Moscow, Uglich kunye galich ukubusa. Ivan Danilovich, uWele Kalita, wangena imbali naseRussia njengohlobo ingqalelo okhohlakeleyo eyingqondi, njalo ngumlawuli izigqibo, ahlawule ngakumbi ubudlelwane ne-Golden mkhosi. Ebudeni bolawulo Ivan Kalita eMoscow yaba liziko yokuhlala abasisigxina inkulu yakhe, nto leyo eye yomeleza ngakumbi igunya neenkosana eMoscow phambi kwabalawuli eseleyo amazwe Russian.

Imfundo karhulumente eMoscow zangaphakathi Le ekhokelwa oonyana Kalita - Ivan Red USimon abakhukhumali, ukuba ahambe naye Starodubsky, umhlaba Dmitrov, Kostroma kunye ukulungela ukusebenza.

Ngomhla ukuyilwa bengatshatanga ayikwazanga nempembelelo ingxabano feudal eyaqalisa eRashiya ngenkulungwane ye-14, phakathi kwe enkulu babazukulwana Ivana Kality, imithetho ibekwe kufutshane oozilawuli eMoscow. Esona sizathu siphambili sokuba ubutshaba phakathi abazalwana baba umbuzo eziguquguqukayo ngokomyalelo ngokulandelelana. intsingiselo eyahlukileyo iimfazwe feudal lwe ngenkulungwane ye-14 lilele ekulweni abachasi kunye nabaxhasi zokudala umbuso esinye ummandla Russia, nekomkhulu yayo eMoscow. Ngenxa yoko, abo wakhuthaza loo mandla lonke zala mazwe Russian, uloyiso olomeleleyo elo.

Ukuqulunqwa kwe Muscovite karhulumente yagqitywa ebudeni bolawulo Ivan III kunye nonyana wakhe - Vasily III. Nabakhulu, nabathetheli aseleyo zizilawuli, Russian lula zigqithiswe kwinkonzo eMoscow. Abo ungafuniyo ukuqaphela igunya abathetheli Moscow, bashiya ilizwe labo, asaba kumazwe angabamelwane (ngakumbi, e Lithuania). Le yokugqibela, ilizwe inkulu, ukugcina amandla a ubulawuli eqhiwukileyo, waba Novgorod, apho izinduna ukuba kwesi sihlandlo sexesha ukugqiba isivumelwano koNebhukadenetsare ne Lithuania. Ukufunda le, Ivan III ngo-1471 amalungiselelo kuhambo kwi sixeko. Kwidabi kwenzeka kummandla Shelon River, imikhosi Novgorod boyiswa i Muscovites ngokupheleleyo. Kwiminyaka esixhenxe kamva, Novgorod waba lilungu ubulawuli eMoscow.

Ukuqulunqwa kwe Muscovite karhulumente yagqitywa nge ukulawula kuyo 1485. yaseTver. Amalungelo kulo ngeli xesha Ivan III wafumana itayitile yoMlawuli of All Russia. Le ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-14 waya ezantsi kwimbali yelizwe lethu njengoko ekupheleni kwexesha layo wobukhosi ukuqhekeka.

Imfundo Moscow State ezinxulumene isiganeko enkulu efana inkululeko Russia ukusuka phantse-240 kunyaka--ubudala Mongol-Tatar idyokhwe. Ivan III abalawuli yokuqala lizwe kwinkulungwane edluleyo uyekile ukuba ndothulele umnqwazi nangezinto. Ngowe-1480 Khan Akhmat ukuzama ukubuyisela ukukhonya lonke ilizwe yenziwa, leyo aluphumelelanga. Emva kokuba inkululeko weRashiya kwidyokhwe lo wothiyiweyo yaba ukukhula nanto na imeko ubulawuli Moscow, zaye incamathele kuyo eseleyo umhlaba unsubordinated: ESmolensk, Pskov kunye Ryazan. Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-15 kwi mephu kuba amandla entsha ebizwa ngokuba liya Russia.