IRashiya ayinayo kuphela iindleko ezinkulu kunye nobutyebi buncwane bokumbiwa kwamaminerali, yindawo yokuzalwa yeencwadi zehlabathi. Bekulapha, ngomhlaba waseRashiya, ezo zimbongi zazihlala zize zisebenze, imisebenzi eyenziwa emva kwemashumi eminyaka, iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezininzi kwaye yaba yintsimi ebalulekileyo. Enye yale mibongo yiPavel Vasilyev.
Amanyathelo okuqala kwiingqungquthela
UPavel Vasiliev wazalelwa eKazakhstan, kwidolophu enegama elihle likaZaisan. Usuku lokuzalwa lwengqungquthela lwaluyimimoya ngomhla kaDisemba 25, 1910. Abazali bakaPawulos ngabantu abulula kakhulu abanomvuzo oqhelekileyo. Ubawo wayebandakanyeka ekufundiseni izibalo. Uthando lwencwadi lunikezwa umlobi ngunina. Nangona kunjalo, utatomkhulu nogogo nabo badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwakheni ubuntu bomzukulu. UPavel Vasiliev wakuphulaphula ngokuvulekileyo amabali abhaliweyo ngabobo busuku. Inzala enjalo ngolwazi eyabangela ukuba sele sele sele eneminyaka eyi-10 waqala ukubandakanya kwiingqungquthela waza wazama ukuzibhala.
Iminyaka yabafundi kaPavel Vasilyev
Ngomnyaka we-1926 uPawulos wathola imfundo yesibini ePavlodar. Ukufunda okulungileyo kunye nomnqweno wokufunda bavumela imbongi yexesha elizayo ukungena kwiYunivesithi yaseVladivostok. Ukufuna izinto ezinzulu kwafakelwa impumelelo ekufundeni iincwadi zaseJapan. Iitalente eziselula zaphawulwa, kwaye ngo-Oktobha, ngo-1926, abahleli beYunivesithi yaseVladivostok banyathelisa imbongo yakhe yokuqala "Oktobha". Iphephandaba apho laliprintiwe lalibizwa ngokuba ngu "Olubomvu". Ukufikelela kumaphepha aloo mpapasho kwakusho ukuqonda ukufaneleka, kwaye ngamnye umfundi akaqinisekanga: IPavel Vasiliev - umbongi. I-biography yombhali icebile kwaye iquka iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo.
I-Pavel Vasiliev: i-biography ngokuphathelele kwimvelaphi yelizwe
Iimeko zobomi apho uVasilyev wayetyelele khona kwakungelula. Ngowe-1927-1929 uPavel Vasiliev wayehlala eNosibsibirsk, iOmsk kunye nezinye izixeko. Waqala ukuchitha ixesha elide ehamba eSiberia. Ukuze azondle ngokwakhe, uPawulos wayefanele asebenze kangako, ngelixa wayesebenza ngezakhono ezahlukeneyo - evela kumsebenzi kwimigodi yegolide ukuya kwisikebhe sokuloba. Umthwalo onzima wawungeyona nje imeko yemali yombongo. Wafumana ubunzima bokubhala ngokwenene, kuba ngaloo minyaka akukho mnye wemisebenzi yakhe eyapapashwa. Ubomi beentlobo ezahlukeneyo abukwazi ukuphula umthetho owenziwe ngumntu. Akazange alahle, kuba wayehlala eyazi ngaye: UPavel Vasilyev ungumlobi. I-biography ixhaswa ngeminyaka yemfundo ephumelelayo kwizifundo zengxelo eMoscow, ezazibhekwa njengeziqonga phakathi kwabaqalayo.
Ukunyuka kweencwadi
Ngomnyaka we-1929 ukuqaphela kwafika. UPavel Vasilyev waqalisa ukupapasha iimagazini ezininzi zentloko. Ngokukhawuleza, imfuneko yemali eninzi iye yanda, ngoko uVasiliev ubhala ngokunyanisekileyo. Isiphumo somsebenzi oqaqambileyo ukuya ekupheleni kwe-1930 kwakuyimbongo "Ingoma ye-Cossack Host". Lo msebenzi waba yinto enamandla kakhulu, ngoko ke iimpapasho zashicilela kuphela ezimbalwa iinkcazo. Ingqungquthela yonke yashicilelwa kuphela ngo-1932 ngumagazini uNowavy Mir.
Ukubanjwa kukaPavel Vasiliev
Ushicilelo lwazisa udumo lomlobi. Ngeyona nkqubela yobutsha bakhe uPavel Vasiliev wathandwa. I-biografi yombongozi yonakalise iziganeko zezopolitiko zalo xesha. Ngomnyaka we-1932, uPawulos, kunye neebongozi zakhe, wabanjwa ngeenyanga eziliqela. Batsholwa ukuba bathatha inxaxheba kwiqela elivaliweyo labalobi "uSibiryaki." Abathathi-nxaxheba kule ntla nganiso babecingwa njengabaphili-guquleli. Amaqabane kaPavel Vasiliev aye: Evgeni Zabelin, uLeonid Martynov, uSergei Markov. Abahlobo bakaPavel babetyala iminyaka emithathu, kwaye isixeko saseArkhangelsk saba yindawo yokuthunjwa. UPawulos wafumana isigwebo esinqunyanyisiweyo.
Vasiliev Pavel Nikolaevich. I-Biography ye ntlekele
Ngowe-1935 wawunonyaka obalaseleyo ebomini bukaPavel Nikolayevich Vasiliev. I-biografi yombongi uzele iziganeko ezimangalisayo. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho indawo kunye nokungcola kwabahlobo. Impumelelo yembongozi yabangela inzondo nomona. Abaninzi "abahlobo" beebongozi babhala iileta kwiofisi yokuhlela bacela ukuba bangawushicileli uVasilyev, banikeze iziphakamiso ezahlukeneyo ezingenakwenzeka. Iiofisi zokuhlela zayeka ukusebenzisana naye. Isiphumo saloo nto yayimilwa, yaqaliswa ngabasebenzi be-editorial staff "iKomsomolskaya Pravda". UPavel Vasiliev wabanjwa waza waboshwa iminyaka. Ngowe-1936 wakhululwa. Nangona kunjalo, kulindeleke ukuba oku kungekho ixesha elide, uPawulos wabhala enye yeengoma zakhe ezintle - "Hlalana nabahlobo." Lo msebenzi uhamba nayo yonke intlungu yomphefumlo kunye nokuzisola ukuba akayi kubona abantu abathandekayo kuye.
Indlela Yombongo
Ngo-1937 uPavel Vasilyev wabanjwa ngamagosa ase-NKVD. Ngeli xesha, isizathu sokubanjwa kwakukhokrokra yokulungiswa kwesenzo segebengu esichasene noStalin. Kwaye uPavel Vasiliev wabelwa indima yomdlali. Indawo yokugqibela isiphephelo sembongi yayiyijele laseLefortovo. Emva kokuphenywa, isignesha yakhe enhle yanda ngakumbi, iileta zalahleka ukuqonda kwazo, kwaye ekugqibeleni zajika zibe yinto enye eqhubekayo. Wayephelelwe yintlungu yokubethwa kakubi, ephosakeleyo umgudu, phantse ungaboni, waza wanyiswa enkundleni. Isigwebo sifundwa ngoJulayi 15, 1937. U-Pavel Vasiliev wayeneminyaka engama-27 ubudala xa ebhengezwa ukuba ngumtshaba wabantu waza wagwetywa ukuba adutshulwe. Ingqungquthela ayizange ibe ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-20, emva koko isigqibo senziwa.
Umlobi omncinane kunye neetalente wawela ezininzi iimvavanyo. Ngelishwa, wayengenayo ingcwaba lakhe. Kwangexesha elide indawo yokungcwaba imbongi yayingaziwa. Kuphela kuma-80 kwakunokwenzeka ukubuyisela umfanekiso wezithuba zelo xesha kunye nokufumana isiphephelo sokugqibela sombongi. Kwakuyingcwaba elinguNombolo 1 yomngcwabo kaDon ngothulwa olungenalo. Iingama-30 zazinzima kakhulu kwilizwe lonke. Wonke umbhali odumileyo wayephantsi kokunyanzeliswa. U-Pavel Vasiliev akazange abe yinto engafaniyo - i-biography imfutshane, kuba umendo wobomi uneminyaka engama-27 kuphela. Malunga nobomi bombongi uxelela imisebenzi enetalente, eyashiya ngasemva.