Eyafumana Australia?

Kweli hlabathi kusekho impikiswano eye yenzeka eyafumana Australia. Abanye bathi oku Dzheyms Kuk, esasihamba ukusuka eNgilani. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba discoverers belizwekazi kwakukho Danes, ukufumana indlela eya ngamathanga zabo Java.

Ngokubanzi, abantu bokuqala beza apha elide phambi kokuba abeLungu. Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane amawaka eyadlulayo, eli lizwekazi wakhethwa ngabantu abasuka kwimimandla ekumzantsi Asia. Mysterious avstralius terra incognita (umhlaba unknown ekumazantsi) - malunga alo wayeyazi zokuma yamandulo. Sele kwinkulungwane elinesihlanu kwi amakhadi ukuba saba kwilizwekazi twisiseka. Noko ke, kucacile kubo kule ndawo mhlaba iphela Ndifana Australia wokwenene.

Imbambano malunga eyafumana Australia, beze IsiPhuthukezi, zithi ulwazi lizwekazi entsha, oomatiloshe isiPhuthukezi efika emva kwinkulungwane yeshumi ngu iziqithi Aboriginal Malay ukuba ubanjwe cucumber ulwandle kumanzi onxweme yezwekazi ezingaziwayo. Kodwa nomlenze yokuqala yaseYurophu ukubeka unyawo kula kumhlaba Australian kuphela ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe.

Imbali ngexesha lokufunyanwa Australia kudala ezinxulumene ne igama Cook, kodwa abemi yokuqala eYurophu, nto leyo watyelela kwilizwekazi eluhlaza (odla ngokuba Australia), ngokungqinelana Dutch. Akumangalisi ke osentshona yeli lizwekazi emangalisayo kamva yaziwa ngokuba New Holland.

Ngowe-1605 Willem Janszoon evela Holland, abo bayiwelayo i Torres Strait, banduluka, badlula kufuphi Cape York Peninsula. Konyaka emva koko Torres eSpeyin wafumanisa lexinene ukuba eyohlula kwisiqithi New Guinea ukususela kwilizwekazi. Ngowe-1642, Dane Abel Tasman watyelela inxalenye kumzantsi-ntshona ka Tasmania, ucinga ukuba yinxalenye Australia. Ke Yanszon and Tasman yahlangana nemisinga kunye balapho.

Kwaye ke Dutch, kunye iSpanish, kwaye Danes ingakhalanga malunga ukubhaqwa lizwekazi entsha. Kungenxa emfihlekweni oovulindlela umbuzo eyafumana Australia, kwaye ngoku umngeni amaNgesi, abeza kweli lizwe iminyaka eli-150 emva kokuba abaMhlophe bokuqala.

Ngowe-1770, kunxweme olusempuma Australia waya iinqanawa kaYakobi Cook, ngubani nangoko wavakalisa izinto British umhlaba omtsha. Kungekudala kwabakho wadala i "koloni" yobukumkani izaphuli-mthetho, yaye kamva abathinjwa British yezopolitiko.

Ngowe-1788, amaNgesi, owafika i "izithuthi yokuqala" kwi ilizwe Australian isixeko Sydney, owathi kamva waba iziko thanga leBritani ezisekelwe. Kunye "Fleet yesibini" wafika kuqala abafuduki esaqala ngamandla ukuphuhlisa iindawo uhlaza lizwekazi.

Mpumalanga, ekuqaleni wamzalela igama "New Holland", ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18 kunye kwenkulungwane ye-19 ngesandla ngokukhanya hydrographer IsiNgesi Flinders yaziwa ngokuba "Australia". Bomthonyama yi eli xesha ngenkohlakalo ukubatshabalalisa yi bamathanga. On abantu bomthonyama bagqogqa, kuzingela, bomthonyama othathe ityhefu nokubulawa intlawulo ihlawulwe. Phakathi neminyaka elikhulu emva kokuvela kwi nezwekazi British inkoliso yabantu basekuhlaleni yaphela nya, kwaye abasindileyo elirhangqiweyo kwimimandla usembindini lizwekazi, eyintlango, zingasaphili.

Kakhulu kutshanje oko kwazeka izinto ezintsha. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba uJames Cook kweli lizwekazi wasezantsi batyelela omnye waseBritani - Uilyam umatshini. Kwaye ngo 1432 Australia watyelela Umatiloshe Chinese Zeng nhat.

Ukanti akukho namnye amagunya ehlabathi yanamhlanje ayikwazi kuthathwa kwilizwe elivulekileyo kwilizwekazi eluhlaza ihlabathi. Eyokuqala, kudala ngaphambi kokuba baseYurophu, oko watyelelwa ngamaYiputa amandulo. Bona zasetyenziselwa ioli izidumbu of zomgamtriya - umthi wakhula kuphela kumntla-mpuma Australia. Kwaye phezu nasemaweni eli lizwekazi Ungafumana imifanekiso emise yamandulo - zinambuzane kwetsima Egypt Ancient.

Ngoko ke, umbuzo wokuba ngubani wafumanisa Australia - lo ngumba ludale ukuba nangoku nzima mbali.