Fascism e Germany: imvelaphi kunye nokubaluleka ukuba impucuko yanamhlanje

Fascism eJamani iye yabangela iinkqubo zehlabathi elikhulu-isikali lophuhliso XX kwinkulungwane ebomini. Amalungu nkqubo misanthropic Adolf Hitler, ubukho kwiinkampu zoxinaniso, KwamaYuda Ngenkohlakalo, imfazwe zibalulekileyo ezoyikekayo kwimbali yabantu - wonke wajika elibukhali ukwenza impucuko yanamhlanje, uhlaziye imilinganiselo kunye nombono ezikhoyo ukwenzela uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo.

Loo nto inika umdla Fascism eJamani ebangele echo ebonakalayo kwindawo ezingqondweni uluntu ehlabathini. Kwezinya yayo izenzo kunye iphiko ngendeb kwezopolitiko, apho yayikhona kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XX kwi uninzi lwamazwe e Europe, ifumene imilo loo imbi oko eJamani - lizwe, iinkulungwane zangaphambili, ukuba ubukhulu becala, omnye maziko aphambili abantu ngokokwamasiko nezithethe inkcubeko yaseYurophu. Ilizwe elo banika ihlabathi Humboldt, Gutenberg, Schiller, Nietzsche kunye nezinye iinkwenkwezi ezininzi ubukhulu yokuqala. Izizathu zoku ingqwalasela nje isekelwe kwinto yokuba Wesithathu yaba iqela unamandla welo kwamazwe encedisayo. Ekugqibeleni, ziintshaba zabo baberhola zwilakhe Italy, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria. Oku esinye isizathu esibalulekileyo. Kunokuba uluhlu olude kwiimpawu ezininzi Fascism eJamani kwinkalo yezoqoqosho, polity. Unalungelo iiyantlukwano yalo, umzekelo, imodeli Italian. Noko ke, eyona nto ibalulekileyo edulusele ngaphandle, Fascism eJamani, yaba absolutization-nkqubo karhulumente, waza wanikel 'ukuya umda iingcamango nenkani ngokobuhlanga, ubuzwe nokonyanywa kwamaJuda.

I Fratsisko efanayo Franco, sithwele yakhe kwiNtetho yileyo ezopolitiko, kodwa akukho ndlongo-nkqubo angaphandle kwaye ayilwamkeli imida umda zocindezelo bentshontsho ngaphakathi kurhulumente (nangona bathe bathatha indawo nxamnye ngabemi inkcaso-nye yaye amaqela eentlanga - ingakumbi Basques), ngokwenjenjalo wabulawa izinto zendalo ngendlela eninzi 1975. Ide 1970, kwaqhubeka Salazar uncuma Portugal. Kodwa Fascism eJamani iye yabonisa ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba kunye naye. Wesithathu wakha wabona umbono wabo angundoqo ekuthatheni izithuba zokuphila enkulu, okanye zitshatyalaliswe. Ukubangela reflection kakhulu kwicala yonke impucuko ehlabathini, iinkqubo enzulu ngakumbi kwiSocialism kaZwelonke eJamani iye yabangela.

Le yokuqala post-emfazweni eli lizwe weqonga inzima kwiikota yenkcubeko kunye nasengqondweni. Imbali yobuFasi eJamani uye waba isihloko enkulu. Into efanayo ukuze oko kube imbali Communist Party eSoviet Union. Ke ukuba imbali yeli lizwe lethu liye laba weqela kakhulu njengoko unqulo karhulumente, owona mxholo uphambili historiography German iye yaba umbuzo nesizathu sokwenzeka koko kwenzekayo. Emva kokuba National Socialist beza amandla kungekuphela nje Emva sobunzima bezoqoqosho le Weimar Republic. izimvo zabo ngokwenene ngandlel 'ithile laziwayo ezintliziyweni amaJamani. Kunye noqeqesha Adolf Hitler malunga ihlabathi nje ukusekwa ukuze ikakhulu phantsi
nefuthe isimo oluntu: efanayo nokonyanywa kwamaJuda, ubuhlanga, romance Prussia, iingcamango ezithandwayo malunga iyelenqe anti-German, indima engundoqo eyadlala, Kakade ke, amaYuda, njalo-njalo.

imikhosi Anti-Semitic kwaye izigalo emva ezepolitiki afanayo kubo bobabini uBukhosi Austria-Hungarian de-1918, nangenxa Weimar Republic. Kwaye eqhelekileyo ngakumbi ngumnqweno imikhosi phantse yonke kwezopolitiko esebenzayo yasekuhlaleni ukuze atshabalalise ngumqondo Filippa Sheydemana kunye Fridriha Eberta. Malunga kutheni Kwathi, kutheni kwakhokelela ekubeni iziphumo ezimbi ezinjalo, amakhulu imithamo ebhaliweyo. Imvelaphi yobuFasi German apho kuphela ukuba sifune: ideology, wabeka phantsi i "intsimbi" Prussia of Bismarck, bethotyiwe esibi amaJamani e Versailles, ubuKristu aphakathi koHlaziyo, Martina Lyutera, ekugqibeleni, phakathi sengqondo kunye umlinganiswa endalo amaJamani kunye njengokufuna kwabo ingqeqesho, ikhombise inkokeli namandla.