Glass - ntoni nendlela kwenziwa? iimpawu glass

Ngamnye kuthi ngokufuthi ndifumana kweglasi. Yintoni na le nto ethe neselubala, nawuphi na umfundi owaziyo. Yonke imihla sibona kuye nezipili, iifestile, ifanitshala kunye nempahla nezinto, kodwa uqhelene nayo na? oveliswa ngayo, oko kukuthi nokuba yintoni na iimpawu glasi?

Kuthetha ntoni oku gama ukuthini

Kukho ezininzi izinto imvelaphi enokunceda kulo mbandela. Iyintoni na intsingiselo yegama elithi "iglasi" yenye yemithombo kakhulu ethandwa? Ozhegova Dictionary luphawu lo mgubo njenge kwezinto eziqinileyo ezenziwe ngesanti zwi, ugalelwe oxides ze ezithile zesinyithi. Nokuba inkcazo inika uluvo ezinye indlela zokukhokhela eziphathekayo. Kodwa kule sifundo siza kuhamba kamva.

Ngokuqinisekileyo bonke babeqhele ukuya kwiglasi - le nto ngaphaya. Kodwa qaphela - Dictionary Ozhegova yenza le ingcaciso. Iglasi ziyabonisa ngaphaya nje kuphela, kodwa ezinemibala okanye frosted. Kodwa ke ukwakhiwa umbandela kule meko yohlukile insignificantly.

Yintoni eyenza glass

iglasi kuqamba Standard ngumxube esulungekileyo zwi isanti, ikalika soda. Ukutshintsha iimpawu eziphathekayo zingasetyenziswa kudla ezahlukahlukeneyo. Sekunjalo, icandelo iphambili abamelwe kukuba intlabathi umlambo kanye uhlambulukile. imali yayo malunga ne-75% ye-umxube iyonke. Soda kunciphisa lobushushu ukunyibilika le isanti phantse 2 amaxesha. Ikalika sikhusela iglasi ukusuka sesichengeni iikhemikhali ezininzi, kodwa wongezelela athi namandla ukhanye.

elimsulwa ezongezelelweyo:

• Manganese. Idityaniswa iglasi ukuvelisa umthunzi ethile eluhlaza. nickel okanye chromium zinokusetyenziswa ukufumana eminye imibala.
• iglasi Lead unika ukhanye extra kunye bavuma olwahlukileyo. Amanqaku afunyenwe lalingu ukuya ngaphandle kwebala. Glass kunye admixture welothe kuthiwa njengekristale.
• Oksayidi boric acid kwakhona anika isilungiseleli seglosi ezongezelelweyo kunye elubala umbandela, oko ke kusehlisa ukwanda inani wobushushu kweemveliso.

Imbali kwimveliso yeglasi

Nokuba 6000 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, abantu bakwazi ukwenza oku izinto ezintle ethe. Kakade ke, imbonakalo yawo yahluke kancinane iglasi mihla, njengoko eYiputa yamandulo eMesopotamiya akukho izixhobo ukucoca ophezulu umgangatho isanti kunye nezinye izixhobo. Kunjalo, imveliso yeglasi waqala apho. Ngenxa amelane kwiimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo, le nto wabanika mbali ingcamango lwenkcubeko amathuba zobugcisa kwizizwana ezininzi mandulo.

ERashiya, isityalo yokuqala iglasi lemveliso wabonakala 1636. Yayikumgama elingekude eMoscow. Kukho zadalwa tableware kunye neglasi window. Uphuhliso olukhulu eli sebe yoshishino wangena phantsi uPetros I.

Kuphela 1859, wayila i impompo eliphezulu-ingcinezelo uvumelekile ukuba ukudala i window ngaphandle zenkohlakalo iglasi. Oku kakhulu lula imveliso. Yaye ngenkulungwane ye-19, impahla umdla umbandela yafunyanwa - ukuba imveliso ogqityiweyo itshiswa ukuya kwiqondo elithile, iimpawu mechanical balegilasi xa ingenalo ubisi ziza kunyuka nge-400%.

banamhla

Technology wasondela kude phambili, nto leyo uvunyelwe ukudala naziphi na izinto kukuninzi kunye neendleko ubuncinane amandla omntu. Okwangoku, kukho izityalo ezininzi ukuba zibe umgangatho esekwe zobugcisa kudala yeglasi. Yintoni izinto mihla ezenziwe otyhidiweyo ngesanti quartzite, funda ukuqhelana ngobugcisa. Njengoko umzekelo siye sithathe izinto sheet.

kwimveliso Glass ngokwezigaba:

1. Zonke izinto eziyimfuneko zilayishwe ezikweni kwaye itshiswe ide yenza ubunzima ulwelo eyohlobo olulodwa.
2. Xa homogenizer ezizodwa, le intsila ivuselelekile de iyunifomu.
3. Ubunzima ngenxa batyhileka kwisikhongozeli tyaba, ezantsi leyo tin otyhidiweyo. Apho iglasi abelwa ukwenza umaleko iyunifomu obhityileyo.
4. Izinto zipholile kwaye eqina sithunyelwa a yokuthutha. Balapho iglasi ulawulo ubukhulu kunye ahlabayo. Le nto ke luqinisekisiwe, kunye nezahlulo ezineziphene ziya zithunyelwa isinyibilikise.
5. Iveliswe ulawulo kwizinga lokugqibela, emva koko iglasi engena yokugcina kweemveliso ugqibile.

iintlobo glass

Okwangoku, le nto yenye yezona ixhaphakileyo. Akumangalisi ukuba kukho iintlobo ezahlukileyo iglasi, ayifani zombini imbonakalo kunye neempawu zomzimba. Nazi ezinye zazo:

1. glass Crystal. Le izinto equlethe akhokele kumafa yayo. Ngaye sithetha ngayo apha ngentla.
2. glass zwi. Liqulathe yinxalenye Isanti ecocekileyo, ngoko ke ixesha elide kakhulu. Uyakwazi ukumelana nokuxhuma ubushushu, ngoko isetyenziselwa ukudala izixhobo ezisebenzisa, ilabhoratri zokubhala kunye neefestile.
3. glass amagwebu. izinto zokwakha ayisindi, enokusetyenziselwa zombini ukuze kubekho nokuyifeza nangenxa ukwakha iindonga nemigangatho. Iqulethe yinxalenye inani elikhulu mgodini, wenjenje iipropati eliphezulu ubushushu thermal kunye nesandi.
4. Glass wool. izinto umoya ngokomthamo eliquka ngemisonto ezingcakacileyo womelele kakhulu. A ezingatshiyo, ngoko lisetyenziswa kuphela lolwakhiwo kodwa eyenzelwe abacimi kunye abatyhidi.

Ukusetyenziswa glass

Kuxhomekeka iimpawu kunye nenkangeleko le nto inokufumaneka phantse nasiphi na isicelo. Eyona umsebenzisi-yenziwe ngexesha lethu iglasi - ishishini lokwakha. Isebenzisa ngaphezu kwesiqingatha umbandela eyenziweyo. Ukuqeshwa Lakhe kakhulu ezahlukeneyo - udonga khazi, Injengokubengezela, ukwakha iindonga izitena ezibuhlazarha, nobushushu, njl Kwishishini lokwakha ekunokuthiwa, kunye namabala negilasi. Yintoni i window Gothic, mhlawumbi sonke siyazi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko igcwele na inani elikhulu iingceba zeglasi elinombala. Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, iifestile zeglasi anegazi andilahlekwanga ukufaneleka kwazo kwaye zisetyenziswa kokubini lokwakha ekwenziweni ifanitshala.

Indawo yesibini ukuthandwa athwele iglasi ukwenzela iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. A kancinane ngaphantsi wenza izitya. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iglasi kushishino yemichiza yi material ebalulekileyo ekubeni iyamelana iikhemikhali ezininzi.

iipropati ngokomzimba

Njengazo naziphi na ezinye izinto, iglasi unenani iimpawu ekufuneka uyazi phambi kokuba usebenzise kwayo kwindawo ethile.

1. Mninzi. Usenokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekwakhiweni umxube kunye nendlela ngawo. Ixabiso window mninzi ekungabonini ukusuka kg 220 ukuya-650 / m ^3.
2. Ubu. Olu phawu ke inkalo glasi nomda isicelo entsimini wokwakha. Okwangoku, oosonzululwazi ezi aluminium ezintsonkothileyo, nkulu inqaba eziphathekayo.
3. uzinzo emhlabeni. iglasi Ordinary zingamelana ukuya ku-90 ° ^C. Emva unyango, iimpawu wobushushu zezinto zokufunda anda kakhulu. Umzekelo, iglasi kwimizi ekwaziyo kwamaqondo obushushu withstanding 200 ° ^C.

anika umdla

Sifunde lukhulu malunga iglasi - oko kuveliswe kwaye zintoni na iimpawu. Lifikile ixesha lokuba digress isuntswana kwaye ufumane iinkcukacha umdla malunga nale izinto eqhelekileyo kakhulu. Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuba:

• Izinga sibange zityalwe kwi kwiglasi eyaphukileyo yi 4828 km / h.
• Ixesha ukuthotywa zokufunda malunga nezigidi iminyaka.
• I zeglasi ukuba remelted izihlandlo eziliqela kunye nokulahlekelwa luncinane okanye akukho yomgangatho. Kule nkalo, uye phantse akukho analogue.
• Njengoko izinto amorphous, iglasi otyhidiweyo eqina yi lungapholi olukhawulezayo. Kuba ukuba iimeko ezizodwa ezifunekayo.

Glass akulolize ngoko ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ukwakhiwa kunye nakwezinye iinkalo zobomi bomntu. Ngokuqinisekileyo oko kudala uya kuhlala omnye izinto ezithandwa kakhulu. Ukuxhasa le ngoluvo, esithi amandla, iyahlala kalula wokwenziwa iglasi, edibene nesibakala ukuba izakhi ukudala kulo zikhona kwihlabathi amanani amakhulu.