I-Decembrists eSiberia - indima yabo kwimbali yommandla kunye nombuso

Namhlanje akunakwenzeka ukucinga ngembali yaseRashiya ngaphandle kwamaC decembrists. Babenomdla ngabaninzi babalobi, iingcamango zaziqulunqwa ngabo, kwaye ngoku akunakwenzeka ukuba kuqondwe ukuba le nto okanye ibali liyinyani, okanye liyinto eyenziwe. Imbali yaseSiberia ekhulwini le-19 inxulumene kakhulu neC decembrists. Bawubonise ukuqala komzabalazo wesistimu ye-feudal-serf. Ixesha lika-Decembrists lalininzi ngeendlela ezininzi, kodwa yaba ngumhlobo wabaqhubi beengcamango zenguqu kwiingqondo zabantu.

Isiphumo sabatyala bokuqala

I-Decembrists yokuqala eSiberia yayisemva kweDisemba 14, ngo-1825, xa abantu abayi-110, kungekhona kwiindawo eziphantsi kakhulu, bachasene nombuso owawusebenza ngeli xesha. Abahlanu babo babulawa phantse, kwaye abanye bagwetyelwa ukuthunjwa nokusebenza nzima eSiberia iminyaka engama-2 ukuya kwe-20, emva koko abavunyelwe ukubuya. Abanye abathathi-nxaxheba ekuvukeni baxhomekeke kumajoni baza bathunyelwa ekuhlaleni okungenammiselo, kwaye abanye bahamba baya kusebenza kwinqaba, okwakusenziwa ngokugqithiseleyo kunokuba nzima kunomsebenzi onzima.

Sekude ngoJulayi 23, 1826, abantu abathathu abathunjiweyo bathunyelwa kuPetros nasePaul Fortress. Indlela eya e-Irkutsk ngelo xesha ithatha iintsuku ezingama-37 yaye kwakufuneka ukuba uhambe kwi-Decembrists. Kulo xesha baboshwe kwinqanawa eliqhelekileyo, kwaye intolongo nganye yabelwa igosa lakhe. Nangona kunjalo, ekufikeni kwabo, amaCembembrists eSiberia afunyanwa kwiimeko ezintle. Into eyayikuthi i-vice-rhu runeli yaseGrolov, owayengelinye ilungu leMasonic lodge, wayekhathazekile ngabo, apho i-Decembrists eninzi yaphuma khona. Amaketanga ayasuswa kubo, kwaye ukhuseleko olujikeleze indlu lwalubuthakathaka, okokuba, abagwebi babenako ukuthetha ngokukhululekile nalabo bafuna ukuba nabo. Nokuba bakhonze umsebenzi onzima okokuqala babengenayo ngenxa yokuba novelwano lwabaphathi abasemagunyeni, kodwa oku akuzange kudlule ixesha elide, kuba ukuxhaswa kweenkokheli zika-Irkutsk kwaziswa.

Abafazi be-Decembrists

Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe nakwi-Decembrists eSiberia, kodwa ngabafazi babo, ababekulungele ukuyeka zonke iintsikelelo zentlalo kunye nokushiya ubomi ababenokukhokela ngenxa yokunyaniseka kumadoda abo. Izenzo ezinjalo azikwazanga ukungaqatshelwa kwaye zabonwa kuluntu kungekhona nje ukunyaniseka ukutshata, kodwa kunye nesenzo esifumane impendulo enkulu. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni uNicholas ndizama ngamandla akhe onke ukukhusela ukubuyiswa kweentsapho, kwanokunyanzelisa abafazi bakhe, umzekelo, uMninimzi uTrubetskoi, ukuba aye kwimeko yomfazi waboshelwa kunye nokuthunjwa, kwaye abantwana babo abazalelwa eSiberia babeza kuba yizifama.

Ubomi be-Decembrists kwi-servitude penalty

Ngokuqinisekileyo, i-Decembrists ekuthunjweni yaba phantsi kweemeko ezingaqhelekanga - babenzima kakhulu ngenxa yokusebenza kanzima kunye nokutya okuncinane, ababanjwa baxhatshazo kwaye bazisola ukuba bekufuneka bajonge impilo yabavukeli, kwaye kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba baphathe Nje ngezinye, ezingapheli ngaphezu kweenyanga ezi-2. Ekuphenduleni ukuxhatshazwa kwabakwa-Decembrists eSiberia okokuqala ngqa kwimbali yaseRashiya yabamba isiteleka sokuguqula indlala.

Nqaba yaseChita

Ngelixa iimbopheleleko zokuqala zisekho ekuthinjweni, abantu abangaphezu kwe-70 basesePetros nasePaul Fortress nakwezinye iinjongo ezifanayo. Emva kwexesha, badluliselwa okwesikhashana kwintolongo yaseKitigsky, apho kwakukho izindlu ezimbalwa kuphela, ezenza ukuba amaCembembris ahlale kwiimeko ezixinzelelekileyo. Kodwa yazibandakanya kwaye yabanike ithuba lokuba bazana, kuba abaninzi babo babesazana ngokubanzi. Ngelo xesha, babesemhlabeni okanye bachithwa ngamatye okugaya. Ukuphunyuka kwehlulekile, kwaye nangona amabanjwa ayengenayo iphepha kunye neyinki, ngabafazi bawo baqhagamshelana nehlabathi langaphandle kwaye baqhuba iincwadi ezihambelanayo.

Umsebenzi oyingqayizivele we-Decembrists wawuqulethwe kukuba baqhuba imfundo kubantu, befundisa ukubhala nokubhala kwimibuzo yabantu bonke abafuna ukufundisisa. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, isimo semfundo kwi-outback yaseSiberia sasinomsindo kakhulu, kuphela izifundo zezifundo ezifundiswayo, ngoko ukufika kwama-Decembrists kunceda kakhulu ekuphakanyisweni kwemfundo.