Iilwimi oluguqulweyo: definition

Umbuzo yokuhlela lweelwimi ngokuqinisekileyo entsonkothileyo kakhulu kwaye capacious. Yintoni ulwimi oluguqulweyo, yaye yintoni na, ukuba uhlobo ulwimi bobabo ulwimi lweenkobe Russian, le miba akuyi kwenzeka njalo nje iimeko ababanazo imihla ngemihla. typology ulwimi libalulekile kubantu abasebenza kwicandelo zonxibelelwano kunye technologies ngamazwe. Umphengululi ngamnye umfundi ayifundise ngentloko. Abantu abaninzi Mhlawumbi uya kuthi ukuba olu lwazi akuyomfuneko kwaye akufuneki kubo, kodwa ngaba? Mhlawumbi kubalulekile ukwazi malunga indawo kolwimi lwenkobe kwenkqubo ngokupheleleyo ukuze aqonde ulwimi lwabo nokuqonda ixabiso ezizodwa kwimbali nenkcubeko kwezo mazwi ukuba wayixela yonke imihla.

ulwazi jikelele

iilwimi Balani udalwe ezahlukeneyo ukuhlela. Ngokutsho yokuhlela ngokwemilibo iilwimi zahlulwe kwiintsapho, owathi yena kumaqela ukuba nazo namasebe. Kwaziwa phantse lonke ukwahlulwa kwintsapho ulwimi ibandakanya Indo-European, abaseAfrika, Sino-Tibetan, sase, kunye nezinye iilwimi ezininzi. Ngethuba lawo, intsapho yaseYurophu Indo-yahlulwe ngamaqela, Slavic, esiJamani, Romance, kunye nabanye. Umzekelo, ulwimi IsiNgesi ikolu hlobo yaseYurophu Indo-, esiJamani, isebe yasentshona. ulwimi Russian fanele ku Slavic kwiqela lweelwimi Indo yaseYurophu-. Le ngokuhlelwa kubonisa ulwimi ulwalamano lwabo. Ukongeza, iilwimi bohlulwa ezinye izizathu. Kukho uhlobo morphological nelulwimi.

Ukuhlelwa Morphological kweelwimi.

Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo ulwahlulohlulo morphological kunye typological ngeelwimi, nto leyo esixelela, njengoko igama kuthetha uhlobo lwemfundo ulwimi. Ngokwale yokuhlela lwimi iintlobo ezine: 1) Ozahlulayo, okanye amorphous 2) ifaka okanye polysynthetic 3) inflectional 4) agglutinative. Isihloko zabandakanya ngeelwimi mkhulu lonke ixesha. Hi xikombiso, le philologist waseJamani Agasti kunye Friedrich Schlegel ngexesha lakhe kwisigqibo sokuba iilwimi ezi ndlela zokwenziwa nabaqiqayo zemfundo. Enye philologist odumileyo German UWilhelm von Humboldt lugqibelele ithiyori, nto kwifomu apho thina namhlanje.

Oluguqulweyo kunye neelwimi agglutinative njengoko okwahlukileyo.

Ukuze siqonde ngcono le iindidi zedata, kufuneka kuvavanywa kuthelekiswa, ekubeni iipropati esahlukileyo. Masiqalise kunye elithi "pas" kunye etymology yayo. Igama livela i flectivus Latin «bhetyebhetye», nto leyo ithetha isakhiwo bhetyebhetye ngeelwimi. Oluguqulweyo lwimi ziilwimi Ukuveliswa leyo yakhiwe ngokudibanisa ukuya isiseko igama ukuguquguquka ezahlukeneyo kunye neenqobo ezahlukeneyo ezininzi. igama Agglutinative ovela agglutinatio Latin - "nisondelelane" kwaye kukwaquka baqhubeka, inkqubo oluzinzileyo.

iilwimi agglutinative

iilwimi Agglutinative ziilwimi apho Ukuveliswa lwenzeka ngokongeza morphemes ezinexabiso elinye kuphela, kungekhona phantsi naluphi na utshintsho. iilwimi Agglutinative ziquka, umzekelo, eTurkey kunye Finno-Ugric. Umzekelo olothusayo lobuninzi eli qela lweelwimi Japanese, Bashkir okanye ukubola. Makhe siqwalasele umzekelo: i-Tatar elithi "hatlarynda", Oko kuthetha "kwiileta zakhe," ibandakanya morpheme data "kooronta" - "ileta", "Gel" - morpheme ze isininzi, "Un" - wesithathu morpheme, "ewe" kulindeleke ukuba kwimeko yasekuhlaleni. Oko kukuthi, morpheme nganye nentsingiselo enye kuphela. Omnye umzekelo ngokumangalisayo ulwimi Bashkir: igama elithi "uvuthuzo", bona bubonakala "intloko" liye nominative intsingiselo, kwisinye. Makongeze kuso morpheme "LAR" - "LAR-daviuz" yaye ngoku lithetha "intloko", oko kukuthi, i-morpheme "LAR" nguye kuphela ixabiso - yesininzi.

lwimi oluguqulweyo ezifana

Ngoku kabanzi ukuhlalutya iilwimi zegama. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kulo mzekelo, lo morpheme namanani ezininzi, sinako ukubona ngumzekelo ulwimi lwakhe lweenkobe Russian. Isichazi "elihle" kukuphela i "kuqala", nto leyo ebonisa ukuba bendoda, isininzi nominative ngaxeshanye. Ngaloo ndlela, a single morpheme - amanani amathathu. Ukuba uthathe omnye umzekelo: isibizo "ncwadi" ophela "a" has ixabiso kwimeko nababhinqileyo, isinye nominative. Ngaloo ndlela, sinokugqiba ukuba ulwimi Russian na pas. Eminye imizekelo uhlobo oluguqulweyo ulwimi kunokuba isiJamani okanye isiLatin, ngokunjalo uninzi eyaziwa usapho yaseYurophu Indo-lweelwimi, ingakumbi, lonke iqela lolwimi Slavic. Ukubuyela sisazinzulu German kwenkulungwane ye-18, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ulwimi oluguqulweyo, ke, kunokuba indlela eyenziweyo okanye zicazulule zemfundo. indlela Synthetic kuthetha Ukuveliswa Enyanisweni lwenzeka ngokongeza morphemes ezahlukeneyo, izimamva kunye nezimamva. Indlela yohlalutyo ingasetyenziswa amagama abancedisayo. Ngokomzekelo, sinokuthi in Russian, "umbhalo", esebenzisa elizayo-ixesha, nto leyo yindlela zokwenziwa of imfundo. Okanye uthi, "Ndiza ukubhala," ukuba kusetyenziswa ilizwi ngokusesikweni elizayo, "uya", nto leyo umzekelo indlela yohlalutyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umahluko kule Ukuhlelwa, akukho, iilwimi ezininzi ukudibanisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukubunjwa lizwi. An mbuzo umdla kukuba ingaba IsiNgesi namhlanje kakhulu kufundwa oluguqulweyo kunye agglutinative?

IsiNgesi pas?

Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo ufuna ukuchitha uhlalutyo kancinane ngenxa yolwazi abalufumene ngasentla. Thatha IsiNgesi isenzi «ulele», eliguqulelwa ngokuthi "uyalala", apho isiphelo «s» has ixabiso zomntu wesithathu langoku isinye. A morpheme - amanani amathathu. Total IsiNgesi is pas. Ukomeleza ingcamango i sibini imizekelo: le «isenzi baye owenziwa "elithetha" kwenziwe ", leyo isebenze elithi" ukuba "isixelela yesininzi kunye langoku ogqibeleleyo ngaxeshanye; «is ukutya »-« idla "apho esemthethweni igama« into »iqulathe ixabiso isinye, iqela langoku wesithathu. Ngobuninzi imizekelo yamagama abancedisayo kulwimi IsiNgesi kuthethwa yi iindlela ubukhulu becala okuhlalutya ukubunjwa lizwi.

Ngokufutshane malunga zokwambathisa ezikhoyo kunye neelwimi polysynthetic

Flexion kunye agglyutigativnye iilwimi zezona rasprostronenie kakhulu ehlabathini, kodwa nangona kunjalo, kukho iindidi ezimbini ngaphezulu. iilwimi zokwambathisa, okanye amorphous ziilwimi, ukubunjwa ilizwi luphawulwa ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo utshintsho yamagama kunye morphemes nezongezelelo. Ngenxa yoko, igama kwabo. lwimi ziquka, umzekelo, Chinese. Ibinzana i "cha bu ho kwi" kuya kuthetha "Andiqondi kusela iti." Incorporated okanye polysynthetic, mhlawumbi, kunzima ukufunda kunye iilwimi amagama. ukubunjwa iLizwi kuthatha kulo ndawo ngokongeza amagama kwizivakalisi ngamnye omnye abembumbile. Njani, umzekelo, ngolwimi Mexican «ninakakwa», apho «ni» - «Mna», «naka» - «kuyo», «Kwa» - «inyama".