Formation karhulumente Old Russian

Zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze kwakhiwe ithi yamandulo kwenzekile ngenxa yempembelelo izinto ezintsonkothileyo yangaphandle nangaphakathi, ngokomoya, yezopolitiko, ezentlalo kunye nezoqoqosho. Noko ke, kuqala kwiinto zonke, ukuba siqwalasele utshintsho uqoqosho nokuxubana wasempuma. iimveliso kwemfuneko yezolimo kwezinye iindawo, ngezandla ezinye kukhokelela exchange macala kunye nokukhuthaza urhwebo. Ngelo xesha thina ukudala iimeko zokwabiwa amaqela enesihlwele esinzima yoluntu-amakhosi. Ngoko ke, lo msebenzi emkhosini-zolawulo eyayohlulwe imveliso.

Phakathi imibandela yezopolitiko eziphembelele indalo karhulumente Old Russian, kufanele kuphawulwe ukungqubana wesizwe ngokuchasene nentsukaphi iingxaki unxulumano intra-yesizwe. Ezi nkalo ziye negalelo ukukhawuleziswa ukusekwa kwamandla njengenkosana. Indima olukhulayo abalindi nabathetheli - banganeli ukukhusela isizwe kuhlaselo yangaphandle, kodwa iijaji iingxabano ezahlukeneyo.

Kwangaxeshanye, umzabalazo zangaphakathi kwakhokelela yokumanya izizwe ezininzi ehlabathini enamandla kakhulu. Unxulumano ezinjalo ukuzalela olawulayo. Ngenxa yoko, amandla yenene yaphuculwa, kodwa iimfuno umlawuli ngokuhamba kwexesha ndivuma babephikisana kunye neemfuno bakhaya.

nempembelelo enkulu phezu lokusekwa karhulumente yamandulo Russian waba ubuhedeni, imifanekiso zophuhliso yokomoya nokuxubana. Ngokukhula amandla omkhosi kwenene, owakukhuphayo isizwe imveliso, ukhusela ekukuhlaseleni yangaphandle, iingxabano zangaphakathi niqinile, wakhula eliphakamileyo. Kunye nale kwenzekani Prince ehlukanisiwe namanye amalungu oluntu.

Isikhulu, owaye- dumile ngomsebenzi wakhe wamajoni, nako ukusombulula imiba zangaphakathi, enze ezintsonkothileyo imisebenzi yolawulo, sebengabasemzini ngakumbi nangakumbi ukusuka amalungu. namalungu oluntu, yena, umnika amandla angaphezu, akumbona njengesibambiso yentlalo-ntle kwixesha elizayo wesizwe.

iimeko zangaphandle ekuthinteleni ukuyilwa karhulumente endala Russian, kufuneka ibandakanye uxinzelelo esinamandla Norman Khazars. Umnqweno yezi zizwe ukulawula iindlela zorhwebo phakathi South, eMpuma kunye West ukumqumbisa yokunyusa lokusekwa abathetheli kunye ngezigaba amaqela ukuba sesiqale ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kule nkqubo zorhwebo. Umzekelo, iimveliso icala okuloba (oboya, ekuqaleni) kunye nabo batshintsha isilivere kunye neemveliso ezidumileyo evela abarhwebi angaphandle kuluhlu abasemzini nabaphambukeli kuthinjwa. Ngenxa yoko, isakhiwo Tari_pedigree ngokuya ifakiwe ukongamela yezikhulu lwasekuhlaleni, nto leyo eyedwa waceba ngakumbi.

Ukongeza, intsebenziswano namanye amazwe aphuhlileyo kakhulu ukwenza utshintsho kubume kwezentlalo nezopolitiko lizwe. Kwakhona nempembelelo lokusekwa karhulumente Russian amandulo yabonelela yaye ubukho i Khazar Khanate kwi Lower iVolga. Le imfundo inikwa yi ekukhuseleni yaseMpuma nokuxubana bangaphathwa loonothwal. Ngexesha elidlulileyo zokuhlaselwa intsimi Russian sisidodo kakhulu kuphuhliso zezizwe, Kyea umsebenzi wabo, ukuvela ngokwanelisayo kukarhulumente.

Ngenxa yoko, inyathelo lokuqala (ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-8 ukuya kowe-ngenkulungwane 9) yakheka karhulumente endala Russian udlula kumaziko emfundo yesizwe kunye nezihlanganisi. Kwinkulungwane 9 polyudye kukho inkqubo - yokuqokelela irhafu amalungu zoluntu amanene. Wavele, ngelo xesha ke ngokuzithandela kwaye babonwa isizwe imbuyekezo lolawulo kunye neenkonzo zomkhosi.

Kwisigaba sesibini ukusekwa kukarhulumente nempembelelo enkulu zimeko zangaphandle - songenelelo Khazars kunye ngokusemthethweni.

Ngokutsho Chronicle, kwezizwe Finno-Ugric kunye nokuxubana ngo-862 Rurik ubuyeleyo isindululo ngukumkani phezu kwazo. Lamkela, Rurik wahlala phantsi Novgorod (ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, e Staraya Ladoga). Omnye kubazalwana bakhe, Sineus, waqalisa ukulawula Byelozero, kwaye eyesibini, Truvor e Izborsk.