Iindlela manani zezibalo. analysis nokushiywa

Sebenzisa uhlalutyo elithi parameter ezininzi waqala Pearson (Pearson) kwimisebenzi yakhe ukususela kunyaka ka 1908 kodwa. Wachaza ukuba umzekelo umthengisi oqhuba intengiso izindlu nje. Xa amanqaku yakhe izindlu iNgcali Trade wakhokela akhawunti loluhlu olubanzi umthombo weengcombolo lwesakhiwo ngamnye. Ngu iziphumo imisebenzi nto ichaza ukuba izakuba ngowuphi into waba negalelo elikhulu ixabiso yingisela.

Uhlalutyo inani elikhulu zentengiselwano wamnika iziphumo umdla. Ixabiso lokugqibela iphenjelelwa yimiba ezininzi, maxa wambi ekhokelela kwizigqibo ngamazwi nkqu 'ukukhutshwa' ecacileyo, xa indlu ibe eliphezulu yokuqala kuyithengisa index ngexabiso eliphantsi.

Umzekelo wesibini isicelo kolu hlahlelo unikwa umsebenzi abasebenzi abaziingcali, ophathiswe isigqibo izibonelelo zabasebenzi. Umngeni zisala yokuba lonikezelo efunekayo asiyo isixa esiqingqiweyo ngasinye, kunye nokunamathela ngokungqongqo imilinganiselo yayo umsebenzi awayenzayo. Ukuvela iindidi zemisebenzi ukuba izisombululo lobeko phantse efanayo, ifuna ngokutsha eneenkcukacha kwinqanaba zezibalo.

Ngo- manani zemathematika, indawo ebalulekileyo wanikwa kwicandelo "uhlalutyo Isemantiki", kukho elimanyeneyo iindlela ezisebenzayo kusetyenziselwa ukufunda izixhomekeki ugqityiwe ingqikelelo ye parameter. Ezi buhlobo wayiphawula phakathi data afunyenwe iinkcukacha manani.

imisebenzi Uhlalutyo ukuhlehla phakathi nobuninzi tsariweke iinjongo ezintathu: ukuchaza indlela parameter nganye equation kwefom jikelele; ukwakhiwa uqikelelo parameter ukuba ayaziwa, efakwe kwi equation parameter nganye; ekuhloleni ukuhlehla yeengcinga manani. Ekuhambeni ukufunda ulwalamano okwenzeka phakathi iperi lwamaxabiso ezibangelwa Imigqaliselo zovavanyo kunye nenani amacandelo (ezininzi) kuhlobo (x1, y1), ..., (xn, yn), ngokusekelwe indawo theory parameter nganye kwaye ucebise ukuba ixabiso eyodwa Y kukho unikezelo ethile ngokuqinisekileyo, nangona into yokuba omnye X kuhlala kulungisiwe.

Isiphumo Y ixhomekeke ixabiso X bume, oku kuxhomekeka nga kumiselwa yimithetho eyahlukeneyo, ukuchaneka kweziphumo iphenjelelwa ubunjani kunye nenjongo uhlalutyo kokuma. Umfuziselo sokusebenza isekelwe kuqikelelo ezithile leyo lula kodwa zincomeka. Imeko ephambili kukuba ixabiso parameter X ilawulwa. Amaxabiso bayo banikwa phambi kokuqala nokuhlola.

Ukuba ngethuba olu lingelo, iperi eziguquguqukayo ongalawulekiyo i XY, uhlalutyo parameter nganye wenziwe ngendlela efanayo, kodwa ngenxa ukutyhilwa iziphumo, apho sifunda isifundo uqhagamshelwano eziguquguqukayo random, kusetyenziswa iindlela ukuhlaziywa nobudlelwane. iindlela zestathistiki babumbe abstract umxholo. Bafumanisa isicelo ebomini kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu.

Kule ncwadi yenzululwazi ukufumanisa indlela ekhankanywe ngasentla ifumene ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi lwekota yomgama parameter nganye uhlalutyo. Variable X wasebenzisa regressor elithi okanye noqhawulo kunye variables abaxhomekeke Y-ekwabizwa ngokuba criterial. La magama abonisa izinto ubudlelwane yemathematika, kodwa hayi ulwalamano imbangela yophando.

Uhlalutyo ukuhlehla yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo esetyenziswa ekusetyenzweni iziphumo ezahlukeneyo kokuma. umsebenzi Physical kunye eziphilayo bafunda ngokusebenzisa le ndlela, ukuba wabuphumeza kunye noqoqosho, kwaye kwimizobo. kwezinye iindawo ubuninzi usebenzisa uhlalutyo model ukuqhubeka kwaba bafundi. Uhlalutyo iinkani, uyilo-experimenti ezininzi, uhlalutyo lwamanani umsebenzi yoyilo ngokusondeleyo ngale ndlela yokufunda.