"Kwabantu ekutolikwa" Max Weber kunye neentlobo enhle yasekuhlaleni

Nangona Max Weber ayikwazi kubizwa ngokuba "nguyise isosioloji" Noko ke, ngomnye wabaseki ube inzululwazi, aphikisane kwisifundo philosophically. Ekubeni kwabantu ujongene gabalala gabalala izibakala, ngokunjalo nezenzo ezenziwa ngabantu, ngoko ke ifuna imifuziselo ezithile kunye neendidi apho ezi ukugwegweleza zihlelwa. Ngoko ke kuvela iindidi efanelekileyo, okt nentetho equkayo, ezivelisa ezinye iimpawu uphawu amalungu eqela, njengoko iimpawu eli qela. Nangona kunjalo, i "yokuhlalisana ukuqonda" Max Weber wajoyina ezi ntlobo kunye ingqikelelo ye yasekuhlaleni.

-Sobulumko wayeqinisekile ukuba phantsi ingqikelelo ye zentlalo izenzo kuwa izenzo enentsingiselo abazi babantu, wenza malunga nokuqhutywa kwabanye. Ngoko ke, lo msebenzi we-nzulu, eli ngezentlalo - ukuqonda ukubonakalisa intsingiselo ukwenza intshukumo enje. Ngoko ke wazalwa i "ukuqonda yokuhlalisana" Weber. Noko ke, iintlobo kunye neentlobo amanyathelo zinokuba nomahluko, njengoko iindlela ukuqonda kwabo. Scientist kwabelwane iimbono ngokwamahlelo amane. Ahluke yindlela esinengqiqo enengqondo na isenzo esinjalo.

Yeyona uhlobo ubuncinane eyiyo ngokwenene samanyathelo, nangona nje ifuna sociality yayo. Akakho nantsingiselo, kodwa intsingiselo oku kudla azikhange zikhunjulwe le ndoda, njengoko yokugqibela isebenza ikakhulu phantsi kwempembelelo iimvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo. Ngokufanayo, ukuba uhlobo yemveli, xa abantu benza kuba lisetyenziswe, ngoko got, kananjalo abasoloko ukuqonda intsingiselo izenzo zakhe, nangona yena kubo ngokuqinisekileyo langoku. "Kwabantu ekutolikwa" Weber ikholelwa zombini ezi ntlobo izenzo kwemiqathango zentlalo, kuba kwezentlalo siqonde intsingiselo yezi zenzo, kunye nabantu ngokwabo - njalo.

Ezahlukeneyo ukusuka iintlobo ezimbini ngentla zexabiso-esinengqiqo tseleratsionalnoe senzo. Eyokuqala into eyenziwe inkolelo yabantu bayazi ukuba imikhwa nemigangatho ethile yokuziphatha athwale amaxabiso wadalwa nguThixo ukufezekisa iimfuno ezisesikweni okanye izimiso nobuhle. "Kwabantu ekutolikwa" Max Weber olwahlula olu hlobo lokuziphatha njengoko obengo, kodwa nengqiqo kubalulekile. Oko kukuthi, umntu uziphethe ngendlela enye okanye omnye, kuba uvakalelwa ukuba umele enze loo nto; ngokuba le nto ifunwa kwiinkolelo zakhe okanye inkolelo yakhe nesidima sobuntu, okanye, ekugqibeleni, kuba ukholelwa ukuba mhle. Noko ke, ngokufuthi kwisiqhelo "elifanelekileyo" yokuziphatha ingqalelo isimo sengqondo ingundoqo ingqiqo umthombo le mithetho okanye kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunokwenzeka azithathelwa ngqalelo.

Ekugqibeleni, i "yokuhlalisana ukuqonda" kakhulu ifana Max Weber ubiza tseleratsionalnoe senzo. Kucacile ukuba abantu izicwangciso ukuziphatha kwabo kuxhomekeke iinjongo ukuba ofuna ukuphumeza nokubala (zilinganisa) indlela yokuziphatha abanye abantu, apho silindele. Ngaphezu koko, ezi njongo ukuzuzeka, ukuba kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwiimeko, izinto kunye nabanye abantu, okanye xa imeko okanye njengendlela yokuphumeza ezi njongo. Njengoko isibaluli le yokuziphatha impumelelo nokusebenza kwalo, iinjongo, iindlela kunye neziphumo esikalini ngobunono. Olu hlobo yokuziphatha kakuhle ziqondwe.

Kakade ke, eli candelo iintlobo-ntlobo ezininzi zokuziphatha kwabantu ngeentlobo ezine lunemiqathango kuphela kwaye kwenziwa lula. Oku akubonisi yonke iyantlukwano bobukho kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngezentlalo isetyenziswa zokulinganisa kunye nokuveza intsingiselo yasekuhlaleni kunye neendlela ubhalo-sengqiqo vutshila kwengqondo "uvelwano", uvelwano kwihlabathi yokomoya womntu, uvelwano kwakhe. Nganye kwezi ndlela okanye amanqanaba okuqonda ngendlela yaso kubalulekile ukuba ingqiqo yinkqubo engelula, nto leyo thina kumnqula ngemihla zentlalo, ingqalelo maks Veber. izifundo Social, ngaloo ndlela, ngaba ningaphambuki nimke kuloo ngamava ayinyani nokukholwa oluntu kwaye ivumela impembelelo yabo nokuziphatha kunye nesiphumo indibanisela yezi amava nezimvo ukuya ukuziphatha qela. Ukongeza, i-nzulu bacetyiswa ukuba ukulibala ngalo neengcali ngokwabo ukwabelana amaxabiso athile, eqhutywa iimvakalelo yaye silandele amasiko athile, ukuba Nathi kuchaphazela iziphumo zophando lwabo.