Ilahle Ukraine. Coal imigodi e Ukraine. A ton amalahle: ixabiso

Amalahle yenye amandla nobuncwane eziphambili Ukraine, leyo ozakuthathwa injini kuqoqosho lweli. Imeko yangoku zoshishino amalahle i kubalulekile kakhulu kwaye kufuna amanyathelo ezixhasayo. Kweli nqaku isakhiwo shishino, wathetha ngalo kumazwe angaphandle kunye import amalahle Ukrainian, koovimba zayo, kwakunye kuhlahlelo iingxaki eziphambili ezikhoyo kweli lizwe izigcayiseli.

Amalahle njengesiqinisekiso ukuzimela kwezoqoqosho

Coal Ukrainian na umthombo wamandla kuphela eya kubonelela ilizwe ngokwaneleyo. kushishino Coal ithatha isabelo esikhulu isakhiwo amafutha kunye nezintsonkothileyo amandla kakhulu kuchaphazela imeko kuqoqosho ngokubanzi. Ukwanda inzuzo eli candelo kunegalelo amathuba ezoqoqosho Ukraine. Kwaye ngamaxesha iingxaki kwimarike lwamandla ohluphekayo ishishini wamalahle wonke kunye namashishini anxulumene.

Inzuzo mboni amalahle i

Iveliswe kwi Donets Basin amalahle na iindleko eziphezulu. Oku kungenxa kubunzulu enkulu lamanqanaba namandla low yokufumana. Iindleko aphezulu nenzuzo kakhulu asezantsi kushishino amalahle le. Industry ukuze lube nenzuzo nto, abezoqoqosho Sicebisa ukhangela amathuba ukwandisa ukufikelela kwayo nokunciphisa zezimbiwa kwiindleko utsalo. Ishishini amalahle ithathwa ngokuba iindleko-kakuhle ukuba ingeniso evela kwintengiso amalahle ngaphezu iindleko angekho ngaphantsi kwe-16%. Phantse zonke imigodi Donbass musani ukuhlangabezana nale mfuno, kwaye ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba nesigqubuthelo.

emadamini e Ukraine

E Ukraine kukho malunga 150 emigodini, 90% yabo ibekwe kummandla Donbass. On nommandla wayo kukho imigodi malunga 100 yokusebenza, utsala amandla kunye ezikumgangatho ophezulu coking amalahle, 14 imigodi awanalo iwonga kumashishini aphantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente-ezizimeleyo, kwaye 28 iinkampani amalahle ephethwe ngasese.

ELvov-Volyn isitya ithatha malunga 10 eziliwaka macala onke. Km. Le amalahle kule ndawo mincinane, ngoko ukususela 15 kwimigodi yokusebenza zicwangciselwe ukuba ushiye 2. kuphela Iidipozithi inkulu zamalahle brown Imimandla Ternopil kunye Zakarpattya, kwakunye kummandla Pridneprovsk lignite isitya. Kwingingqi Dnepropetrovsk, kukho iinkampani amalahle ezimbini: DTEK kunye Pavlogradugol, nokulahlwa apho kukho imigodi-10. kwimigodi yamalahle ngaphezulu kwama-40 ibekwe kwingingqi Lugansk. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa imeko yezoqoqosho enzima eUkraine, ezinye kokukokwam wathengisa bunikwe BEE ixesha elide kubantu abazimeleyo.

Amalahle e Ukraine

Ngokutsho data ezibhaliweyo, Ukraine 33,873 billion metric tons amalahle, nto leyo iba 3.9% yeendawo ezigciniweyo zehlabathi. Kwezi, 15,351 billion iitoni ezi anthracite kwaye bituminous amalahle, abanye - lignite, okanye amalahle emdaka. Kuba uvavanyo kunye nocazululo ingcali Ukraine akhona anele ukuba le minyaka 460.

Uninzi esitokisini ngaphakathi kummandla seDonetsk, Pridneprovsk kunye eLviv-Volyn isitya kubunzulu omkhulu. Uluhlu izigcayiseli ezikhoyo akhawunti ngenxa 6.1 billion iitoni, apho ngaphezu owayo ingxenye anthracite, yaye abanye - kuba coking amalahle.

Iintlobo zamalahle misela ukuba

Ngomhla kummandla Ukraine kuvelisa iindidi ezintathu amalahle: lignite, amalahle anthracite. UBrown elala kubunzulu-1 km kwaye imele ukuyilwa yendalo iintsalela abafileyo organic ezivela phantsi komthwalo nefuthe lobushushu ephakamileyo. Lubonakala yi lobushushu yokutsha asezantsi noko ngenxa isiqulatho sokufuma ephakamileyo (40%). Isiqingatha yakheke zenze izinto ezililize.

Amalahle kucingwa ukuba iintlobo yokuqala kwezimbiwa zokubasa. ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuye kwabangela revolution mveliso, apho wazalelwa phantsi kwempembelelo kushishino amalahle le. Amalahle iqulethe amanzi ngaphantsi kakhulu (malunga ne-10%), nto leyo osidingayo elikhulu iqondo lobushushu eliphezulu komlilo. Volatiles ifomu 32% yokutshintsha amalungu, ngoko amalahle ephakamayo kakuhle. Iimaleko ezimbiwa kwi ubunzulu malunga 3 km. Amalahle geni Ukraine emigodini ka IDonetsk kunye nemimandla Lugansk.

amalahle Anthracite yeyona bakala ilungileyo. Eloba phantse ngokupheleleyo le carbon. Anthracite luphawulwa ixabiso calorific eliphezulu kwaye conductivity eliphezulu zombane. Kodwa ngenxa nokubunjwa kwayo, kuba ayiqondakali ezinokutsha. Olu hlobo amalahle enze nobunzulu km 6. Ngokomthetho iidipozithi anthracite ibekwe kwiintaba okanye kwezinye iindawo apho phantsi kwiintshukumo obuluqilima kolu qweqwe lomhlaba.

Iindleko amalahle e Ukraine

Ngokusisiseko, ixabiso amalahle ezikhandelwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• yendalo - iimeko zemozulu kule ngingqi, indawo asendle, iimpawu zobugcisa Ebubanzini wamalahle ingenamthungo zasekuhlaleni kunye nobunzulu kunye nezinye iimeko neznye;
• Imveliso - isiseko eziphathekayo iinkampani zemigodi, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe.

Ngenxa yoko, iingcali balindele ukuba iindleko zizonke kwaye sihlaziye umgangatho izimbiwa, ukuze ubone indlela kubiza setoni wamalahle. Ixabiso Uhlobo ngalunye zamatye eyahlukileyo kakhulu. Uhlobo kuyabiza kuba anthracite. indleko yalo-avareji ukusukela ku-2000 ukuya 2500 UAH. / T. I ibiza i yamalahle emdaka (1000 UAH. / T) kwimarike amafutha eziphili zamandulo ezaba lilitye.

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba iindleko kwezimbiwa zokubasa kwakhona kuxhomekeke grade zabo kunye neklasi. Ngenxa yoko, kunzima kuthi ngokuqinisekileyo indlela kubiza setoni wamalahle. Ixabiso amatakane namhlanje simahla kwaye ifakwe iinkampani zemigodi ngqo.

Ezithunyelwa ngaphandle nezingenayo zamalahle Ukrainian

kushishino Ukrainian isebenzisa namalahle umbane yaye izinto ekrwada kushishino ngentsimbi ye. Ke ukuba amalahle - anthracite, ilizwe yakhe ngaphezu kwemfuneko. Ngoko ke, olu hlobo iliwa yi malunga ne-70% yemveliso kwamalahle Ukraine (ngokufuthi zithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe). Kulo mzekelo, kukho ukunqongophala omkhulu amalahle coking.

Ngenxa yoko, amalahle Ukraine ukuba iyaneliseka imfuno yasekhaya ngama-60%. Isahlulo sesithathu imo ongenisa amalahle coking Russia, i-USA, Kazakhstan kunye namanye amazwe. Phantse wonke umthamo anthracite kufunxwa kudla inkampani amandla e Ukraine. mali agqithise ezimbiwa rock lizwe kumazwe angaphandle eBulgaria, Poland, Turkey ne Iran. Faka imarike yaseYurophu ininzi kakhulu kunzima ngenxa yobukho loovimba ezinkulu amalahle umgangatho ophezulu ePoland Germany. Kwakhona, ukuncitshiswa Ukuhanjiswa kumazwe zichaphazela kakhulu ekukhuleni eYurophu ukunikela US imithombo eziphili zamandulo ezaba lilitye. Ngoko ke, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imfuno kwamalahle Ukraine kuncitshiswa ngama-20%.

Iingxaki mboni amalahle i

Ishishini ilahle Ukraine ixesha elide ekwintlekele. Ngokutsho kwabasemagunyeni, ngaphezulu kwama-70% ee-asethi esiqingqiweyo se kushishino edinga yokubuyekeza kunye nokulungiswa. Kwiminyaka 30 nokusetyenziswa rhoqo, ke kakhulu eligugileyo, kunye zifuna ukuhlaziywa. Nangona uphuhliso ezikhawulezayo zobuchwepheshe, kukho inani elikhulu imigodi zisasebenzisa umsebenzi ikakhulu manual.

capital imeko abahluphekayo kubonakala phezu wobulunga bamalahle. Xa usebenzisa izixhobo ezigugileyo rock geni zolistye ngakumbi. Njengoko base embi kunye lixesha zobugcisa kuchaphazela ngokubonakalayo imveliso yabasebenzi, ukwandisa ixabiso eribyeni kufunxwa.

Coal imigodi e Ukraine kufuna inkxaso-mali eyongezelelweyo. Eyona mithombo iphambili le mali kwishishini wamalahle zeli lizwe-mali karhulumente kunye neendlela zayo zangaphakathi kwamashishini zemveliso. Kuba kuphuhliso lweli candelo loqoqosho kufuna imali eninzi. Kwaye ukuze ukutsala utyalo-mali oluvela ngaphandle, kufuneka ukudala imeko-bume enomtsalane ukuze ishishini.

Ukongeza, amalahle lo shishino lwe Ukraine anelona nani liphezulu lokusweleka kunye neqondo iingozi emsebenzini. Nangona zonke izenzo zikarhulumente, ishishini amalahle yeyona nkalo kakhulu yingozi kuqoqosho kwimpilo yabasebenzi. Ngokutsho manani, xa nezokukhupha amalahle ubomi million ebilahlekile umlinganiselo mgodi ezimbini.

Enye ingxaki ebalulekileyo kushishino Ukrainian Carbs na isixa esikhulu yamalahle ezikhutshwayo methane sam. Le urhulumente kumazwe amahlanu phezulu ngokwemigaqo ezikhutshwayo (engunobangela 80% izigcayiseli yokusebenza). Iingcali ngenkuthalo ekuphuhliseni iiprojekthi ukusetyenziswa kwayo, kodwa okwangoku zikwazile kudala iimeko ukuhluzwa 1/10 kuphela ukukhutshwa zizonke.

nefuthe elibi kakhulu ekuphuhliseni amalahle sphere zemigodi eziphembelela iintlobo ezingalawulwayo. Inxalenye yale imveliso yi-10% ye-eneji iyonke kwemigodi yamalahle.

Iindlela ukuphucula ishishini yamalahle i

Ukusombulula iingxaki ezichazwe ngasentla kuyimfuneko ukwenza uluhlu amanyathelo ejolise yotshintsho, ngokutsha kunye nokwenza kwemigodi yamalahle. iinkqubo ezinjalo sele uphunyeziwe kwezinye emigodini kwakhokelela ekwandeni inzuzo imisebenzi.

Kwakhona, urhulumente kufuneka liwuqinise umgaqo-nkqubo wayo amandla wenze ezinye uhlengahlengiso. Ukuze sikwazi ukufezekisa ezi njongo, iingcali ziye zenza isicwangciso sophuhliso amacandelo ebalulekileyo kwezoqoqosho kwaye basebenze neeprojekthi konga umbane ngomlinganiselo omkhulu.

Ngoko ke ukuba amalahle Ukraine ukukhuphisana kwiimarike zangaphandle uze unike imfuno epheleleyo lwasekhaya, urhulumente kufuneka asebenze kwiinkalo ezingundoqo ezimbini: yotshintsho yoshishino nasekuphumezeni iinguqulelo nkqubo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimeko ezikhoyo zophuhliso lwezoqoqosho.

imboni Outlook

Nangona Ukraine ngoku lifumana ubunzima kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho etsolo, yaye ezinye imigodi ukuba gxotha ukusebenza, ishishini amalahle neSebe eli lizwe amathuba ebalulekileyo. Xa sicinga njani amalahle engakanani eUkraine, imveliso yabo ibe kwixesha elizayo neshishini ebalulekileyo enobuqhinga kweli lizwe.

Thathela ingqalelo ukuthambekela kuphuhliso lwamashisini amalahle le kwamanye amazwe kunye kwezimali ezinkulu imveliso yohlobo lwazo, namhlanje Ukraine kukulungele kanye ukuba kuthenga ngamalahle aphesheya. Ukuba ilizwe kwixesha elizayo iza kuqwalasela imiba ezinkulu kwisigaba, ngoko ke ishishini iya kuqalisa ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu yaye babe nako ukuzisa uqoqosho ukuya kwinqanaba elitsha.