Imbali zokukhusela umlilo Russian. Russia Day of yokhuseleko lomlilo

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba eRashiya, apho ehlathini ukususela kwixesha lakudala yaba umbandela ongundoqo zokwakha, omnye ntlekele kunazo zonke zaba imililo badla utshabalalise isixeko yonke. Kwaye nangona ingqalelo sisohlwayo esivela kuThixo, oko akuzange kumthintele ukuba ukukhokela umzabalazo isigqibo. Ngenxa imbali yeSebe lomlilo Russian utyebile kakhulu kwaye iingcambu zawo back eminyaka.

Iinzame ukujongana ngomlilo kwinkulungwane edluleyo

Njengoko ngawo onke amaxesha imililo ziye eziyimiqobo emibi kuphuhliso likarhulumente, igunya elongamileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, zama ukuthatha inyathelo. Imizekelo yalo - lukhulu, nkqu kwiinkulungwane adlulileyo. Enye iirekhodi isetyenziswayo zembali isixelela indlela emva umlilo eyoyikekayo eMoscow oluqale 1472, i-Ivan Iii omkhulu (utatomkhulu Ivana Groznogo), waba ngokobuqu inxaxheba zokulwa umlilo, wakhupha uthotho imimiselo, ukusuka apho, enyanisweni, waqala uphuhliso zokukhusela umlilo eRussia.

Kwaye Rurik, ndaza nda- Romanovs nawo bazimisele kakhulu ukulwa umlilo. Edume ngokuba eziliqela imimiselo emisela ukwakha kwiindawo ezisezidolophini (yaye eMoscow ingakumbi) izakhiwo amatye kuphela, ukwakha kubo umgama onokhuselo enye kwenye yaye ukuba athathe onke amanyathelo kwimililo. Kwabo abaphula imithetho nemimiselo, waba umsunguli iintlekele zomlilo banikwa izohlwayo ezingqongqo - kangangokuba enye isayensi.

Imililo Russia endala

Kodwa akukho nokuba abaphuli akatswe ngezabhokhwe, enoba bafuna kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni ezishushu, izidlo ukupheka kuphela kwiinkundla, ukuba enze umlilo izakhiwo yamaplanga - nto yandincedayo. Kukhona neze isixeko Russian enye yamandulo, apho wayeza kusinda umlilo ngokuphindaphindiweyo lingahlawulelwanga ikhaya lakhe uthuthu, ngenxa yokuba inkonzo yomlilo rhoqo ebengekho ngelo xesha.

In Novgorod umlilo 1212 ngeeyure ezimbalwa wabatshabalalisa 4.300 neemitha, ubulala ezininzi zabantu. Ngowe-1354 wayitshisa eMoscow. Kukuthathe iiyure ezimbini kuphela liqwenga lidangatye ukuze amanxuwa engamabhodlo kungekuphela nje incwadi kodwa abo babemphahlile entolongweni. Kwimemori efanayo lusizi kwaye 1547 xa elinye intlekele umlilo imangalelwe Pervoprestolnoj eziliqela ubomi iwaka. Ukudala ukhuseleko emlilweni eRussia eyimfuneko ebalulekileyo ebomini yaye impendulo mngeni izinto.

Ukuzalwa inkonzo yomlilo rhoqo

Inyathelo enkulu kweli cala yenziwa ngexesha ebukumkanini Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (uyise ka-Peter I). Ngowe-1649 ibona ukukhanya wayenokholo "Conciliar I-Code" - iseti kwemithetho karhulumente Russian, esebenze phantse iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu. Abasibhozo amanqaku zakhe ziye zanikelwa imiba enxulumene emlilweni ukhuseleko, hayi nje kuphela kweli imizi nemizana, kodwa, okubalulekileyo, emahlathini.

Kulo nyaka kwakukho enye uxwebhu ebalulekileyo - ". Igunya Gradskij deanery" i Kwaba naye iqala imbali wokhuseleko umlilo eRashiya, kuba umisela ukusekwa kwenkonzo rhoqo ngesiseko soqeqesho, apho abasebenzi umvuzo esisigxina lusekiwe.

Njengoko senzelwe ukuseka umsebenzi iiyure ezine, nkqubo leyo iquka utyelelo izixeko kunye nesohlwayo kwabo abaphula imithetho reference ngomlilo. umfutho banikwa uphuhliso iindlela zobugcisa ingcinezelo lomlilo - ekucetyiswa ukuba zisetyenziswe njengogwali vodopolivnye zokulwa umlilo ukuba nibe aziwa aphephe mihla. Ngoko ke inkonzo umlilo rhoqo eRashiya.

uphuhliso loshishino umlilo phambi kokuba revolution

Umsebenzi niqale Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, baqhubeka ngunyana wakhe - Peter I. Ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe, imbali Russia ngayo yokhuseleko lomlilo lifikelele kwinqanaba entsha qualitative. Ukuthatha umzekelo lolungiso zokulwa umlilo kumazwe aseYurophu, oko ilungiswa ngokubonakalayo izixhobo zobugcisa iinkonzo Russian zithengelwe phesheya, iimpompo umlilo, baxhotyiswa enemikhono isikhumba kunye sekhe amanzi ubhedu. Ebukumkanini uPetros yamiselwa e St. Petersburg Admiralty kunye nesebe umlilo lokuqala. E Moscow, isicima mlilo bexesha elizeleyo wabonakala kamva - kuphela 1804, ngokomyalelo * uKhesare Alexander I.

Ebudeni bolawulo elandelayo Romanova - Tsar Nicholas I - iinkonzo umlilo rhoqo akukho elide ipropati St. Petersburg eMoscow. Oku Ekuqalekeni kwendalo yonke Russia, kunye lophawu ebalulekileyo yonke isixeko iba yinxalenye emlilweni kunye ntathu ngaphezu emboniselweni. Amaxesha amaninzi, eli isakhiwo ezinde esixekweni, yaye oku nokuba ngoyaba kwiidolophana ezikufuphi. Kwimeko apho umlilo nemboniselo ababephezu alarm iflegi bayavuswa, kunye nobungakanani abahlali yentlekele kwaziswa iibhola ezizodwa, imali leyo umlinganiselo ngqo kwi ndawo ngomlilo.

Imbali zokhuselo lomlilo Russia lwekhulu XIX yabalasela inani lwamashishini kunye nokudalwa ukuvelisa izixhobo ezifunekayo ukuze umlilo-mlilo. E Moscow ne St Petersburg bathwalwa iimpompo umlilo kunye namathumbu kuye, ngokusonga leri amagwegwe, kunye nesiqalo nokufika zimoto yokuqala - nxalenye izincedisi, likuvumela ukuba usebenzise ukuba balwe umlilo.

Umbutho ekulweni nomlilo emva revolution

ingqalelo kakhulu yahlawulwa ukuya entlanganweni wokhuseleko komlilo wangumlawuli ngo-1917, urhulumente yamaBolshevik. Sele ngo-Apreli kunyaka olandelayo, oko ipapasha umthetho elingqinelanayo umisela kwisikhundla sobuKomishinala of Insurance kunye ukulwa umlilo. Okokuqala waqeshwa kwesi sithuba M. T. Elizarov.

Yena lizwe unyanzelekile ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuphunyezwa imiqathango ecaciswe ngokomyalelo, kunye nokudalwa kothungelwano olubanzi yelizwe ngayo kwizikhululo umlilo. Kunyaka olandelayo, ummiselo urhulumente ngesakhiwo NKVD kwisebe ngomlilo esembindini, ukuba enze ukusukela ulawulo ndawonye kweenkonzo zomlilo kwilizwe liphela.

EMoscow Conference Technical iLeningrad

Ukuze phambili uphuhliso wokhuseleko lomlilo ngo-1923 I-All-Russian INkomfa Fire eyayibanjelwe e Moscow, eyayizinyaswe, ukongeza nogunyaziso bevela kwizixeko ezahlukeneyo zelizwe, kwaye kananjalo iindwendwe ezivela Belarus, Ukraine, Azerbaijan eGeorgia. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le nkomfa, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ehlawulwa kwimiba yothintelo komlilo kubonwa kufanelekile ukuba isebe ngalinye umlilo yingcali efanelekileyo.

Inyathelo elilandelayo ebalulekileyo ekulweni umlilo yaqala yavulwa ngo-1924 e-iLeningrad Fire College. Aba bafundi baye babe na isiseko kwabasebenzi apho kwiminyaka kamva kwasekwa inkqubo lonke yolawulo lomlilo, neyathi kamva yafakwa kunye nokukhuselwa umlilo Voluntary yaseRashiya. Le entsha, ngelo xesha, isakhiwo saphuhliswa ngoncedo esebenzayo ye-YCL kunye nemibutho yabasebenzi.

Igalelo yesayensi kunye noshishino kwishishini zokucima umlilo

Ngeminyaka yee-eko lifumana inkxaso elibonakalayo kwimveliso yasekhaya kwezixhobo zokulwa umlilo. Kunye imizekelo emininzi iimpompo, izinyuko mechanical kunye exhausts umsi kuvela wokuqala yiSoviet iinjini umlilo. Ekupheleni kuka-1927 ukuya kwilizwe izithuthi zabo kweeyunithi ngaphezulu kwe ezine. In banesifo uqalise uphando nzulu kunye nophuhliso olwenziwa sisezindongeni iilebhu zovavanyo ezimbini ezikhethekileyo, siqeshe izidanga wadala kwixesha elinye Faculty of iinjineli inkonzo yomlilo.

Umlilo phakathi nempi

Imbali ukhuseleko lomlilo eRashiya ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II wayengomnye amaphepha lo amaqhawe yobuqhawe ngaloo minyaka. Amasebe Fighters umlilo sihlangulwe umlilo izakhiwo ezininzi zokuhlala mveliso, ebe ithagethi aseMelika yotshaba neziqhushumbisi. Kuphela elinye iLeningrad ngexesha kwafa ziye zabulala abantu abangaphezu kwama amawaka amabini. Hayi ngengozi ngexesha icandelo umlilo Victory Parade wahamba Red Square kunye nazo zonke iiyunithi yokulwa.

Enye yeengxaki zobomi lwangoku

Iingcali ziye zagqiba ukuba ukunyuka kwenani imililo uyaqapheleka ehlabathini namhlanje, kunye neziphumo entlalo-qoqosho kubo ekubeni kakhulu ngakumbi. ngonyaka ngamnye emhlabeni wonke kubhalwa malunga nezigidi ezintlanu imililo, yabulala ngaphezu kokuba ikhulu lamawaka abantu, kunye neelahleko eziphathekayo kubo alinganiswa amashumi ezigidi zeerandi. intlekele esibi kunye imililo ezi - umgquba kunye neenkuni, kwakunye ukubonakala ioli olungxamisekileyo kunye negesi nophuhliso.

Konke oku enyanzela iingcali ukwandisa khangela ezintsha yokulwa nomlilo nokuphucula esele ikhona. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kule ndawo isiko elide kuphuhliswa eRashiya. Kungenxa kwilizwe lethu kuqala amagwebu umlilo zokucima iteknoloji ehlabathini, kuphuhliswa best imibhobho yoyilo ehlabathini, kwaye sokucima lokuqala ephathwayo umlilo.

Day of abacimi Russian

inkonzo yomlilo Modern - yinkqubo entsonkothileyo kunye nemiba ngemiba yezemfundo, leyo umsebenzi ukucima iindima lomlilo inkoliso yokuntsonkotha ezahlukahlukeneyo. Njengoko umthetho, imisebenzi yamacebo okulwa yenziwa ngabasebenzi babelinda umsebenzi, kodwa kwezinye iimeko ababandakanyekayo kwiiyunithi zemfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa, equka yokhuseleko emlilweni ekhethekileyo eRashiya. Kule meko sithetha kwasendaweni imililo ezisongela imiphumo ngokukodwa kakhulu (oyile negesi rigs, izibonelelo zenyukliya, izixhobo zokugcina, njalo njalo).

AmaRashiya ngentlonipho kunye nokwazisa abo akhusele ubomi nempahla yabo element ngomlilo. Ngowe-1999 watyikitywa ngu umthetho karhulumente, apho kwakukho iholide - uSuku of Fire Protection eRashiya, minyaka yonke ngoAprili 30. Olu suku andinyulanga ngengozi - ukuba Aprili 30, 1649 kwakukho i "Imiyalelo Gradskij deanery" ngentla, nto leyo yaba ngumhla Russian wokuzalwa inkonzo umlilo.