Imisebenzi yembumba yeplasma kwiseli

I-membrane ye-plasma yi-bilaid lipid kunye neeprotheni, iziteshi ze-ion kunye nama-molecule e-receptor akha kuso. Lo ngumqobo wokhuselo olwahlula i- cytoplasm yeselingi kwindawo ejikelezileyo, ngelixa liphela liqhagamshelwano lwangaphandle. Ngoko ke, i-plasmolemma yenye yezona zibalulekileyo ezibalulekileyo zeseli, kwaye imisebenzi yayo ivumela ukuba ikhona kwaye ihlangane namanye amaqela eselula.

Ingcamango jikelele yemisebenzi ye-cytolemma

I-membrane ye-Plasma ngendlela ekhoyo kwiseli yezilwanyana, iyimpawu yezinto eziphilayo ezivela kwizikumkani ezahlukeneyo. Iibhakteria kunye neprotozoa, eziphilayo zazo ezimelelwe enye iseli, zine membrane ye-cytoplasm. Kwaye izilwanyana, amakhowa kunye nezityalo njengezinto ezininzi zezinto eziphilayo azizange zilahlekelwe kwinkqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo zezinto eziphilayo i-cytolemma ihluke ngandlela-thile, nangona imisebenzi yayo isenjalo. Ziyakwazi ukwahlula zibe ngamaqela amathathu: ukuhluthwa, ukuthutha kunye noqhagamshelwano.

Iqela lemisebenzi yokuqhayisa iquka ukukhuselwa kwamaseli, ukugcina isimo sayo, ukukhusela kwi-ecalaflular environment. Iqela lezothutho lisebenza njengembumba ngenxa yobuninzi beeprotheni, iziteshi ze-ion kunye nabathwali bezinto ezithile. Imisebenzi yokuthetha ye-cytolemma kufuneka ifakwe kwingeniso. Ekubeni kwimbumba kukhona iqoqo le-receptor complexes apho iseli ithatha inxaxheba kwiindlela zokudluliswa kolwazi oluhle. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba i-plasmolemma ayijikelezi nje kuphela iseli, kodwa nayo enye ye-membrane organelles. Kuzo, lidlala indima efanayo kwimeko yeseli yonke.

Umsebenzi weBharrier

Imithwalo yemingcele yembumba yeplasma ininzi. Ikhusela imo yangaphakathi yeseli kunye nokuxinwa kweengcambu ezikhoyo kwiinguqu zayo. Kwizisombululo, inkqubo yokusabalalisa ivela, oko kukuthi, ukulingana okuzimeleyo kokuxininisa phakathi kweendaba kunye nokuqulethwe kwezinto ezithile kwizinto ezithile. I-Plasmolemma iibhloko ezidibeneyo ngokukhusela ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye neononi kunoma iyiphi indlela. Ngaloo ndlela, umlenze unqanda i-cytoplasm kunye ne-concentration e-electrolytes evela kwimeko yeselunge esele ijikeleze.

Ukubonakalisa okwesibini komsebenzi wokukhawulela we-plasma membrane kukukhusela kwiimidiya ezomeleleyo ze-alkaline. I-plasmolemma yakhiwe ngendlela enokuthi iimpompo ze-hydrophobic ze-molecule zepilisi zibheke ngaphandle. Ngoko ke, ngokuqhelekileyo igawula iindidi ze-intracellular kunye ne-extracellular ngeendlela ezihlukeneyo ze-pH. Oku kuyimfuneko yokuphila kwamaselula.

Umsebenzi wesithintelo seembrane ze-organelles

Imisebenzi yemithintelo yembumba yeplasma iyahluke, kwaye ngenxa yokuba ixhomekeke kwindawo yesikhumba seplasma. Ngokukodwa, i-karyolemma, oko kukuthi, i-lipid bilayer ye-nucleus, iyayikhusela kwimonakalo engummiselo ize ihlukanise indawo yenyukliya ukusuka kwi-cytoplasmic. Kwaye kukholelwa ukuba i-karyoolma ayixhomekeke ngokungenakucinganiswa kunye nomlenze we-endoplasmic reticulum. Ngoko ke, yonke inkqubo ibhekwa njengendawo yokugcina ilwazi lokufumana ifa, isicwangciso seprotheni yokuhlanganiswa kunye neqoqo lokuguqulwa kwimihlathi yamaphrotheni emva kokuguqulela. I-membrane yamatha netsopoplasmic kuyimfuneko ukugcina isimo seendlela zothutho zangaphakathi kwiiprotheyini, i-lipid kunye ne-carbohydrate molecules.

I membrane ye-mitochondrial ikhusela i-mitochondria, kunye ne-plastid membrane ikhusela i-chloroplast. I-membrane ye-lysosomal iyakwenza ibe ngumqobo: ngaphakathi kwe-lysosome yintlobo enobudlova obuphakathi kunye neentsholongwane ze-oksijeni ezisebenzayo ezingonakalisa izakhiwo ngaphakathi kweseli xa zifika khona. I-membrane yintambo yomhlaba wonke, ngokufanayo ivumela i-lysosomes ukuba "igaye" iincinci ezinamandla kunye nokunciphisa indawo yesenzo se-enzymes.

Umsebenzi womatshini we-plasmolemma

Imisebenzi yomatshini ye-plasma membrane nayo iyingcipheko. Okokuqala, i-plasmolemma isekela ifom yeselula. Okwesibini, iyanciphisa ukukhubazeka kweseli, kodwa ayinakuphazamisa ukutshintsha kwimilo kunye nokuhlanzeka. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukuqiniswa kwesibambano kunokwenzeka. Oku kubangelwa ukubunjwa kweprotista yodonga lwamaseli, ibhaktheriya, izityalo kunye nefungi. Kwizilwanyana, kubandakanywa iintlobo zabantu, udonga lweselula lulula kwaye lumele kuphela yi-glycocalysis.

Kwiibhaktheriya yi-glycoprotein, kwizityalo i-cellulose, kwi-mushrooms yi-chitinous. I-diatom algae ngokupheleleyo ifake i-silica (i-silicon oxide) kwiindonga zazo zeeseli, ezandisa kakhulu amandla kunye nokuzinza kwe-cell. Kwaye wonke umzimba udinga udonga lweeseli kulo. Kwaye i-plasmolemma ngokwayo inamandla angaphantsi kobuncwane beproteoglycans, i-cellulose okanye i-chitin. Inyaniso yokuba i-cytolemma idlala indima inokuthi ingathandabuzeki.

Kwakhona, imisebenzi yomatshini yefombrane ye-plasma ivumela i-mitochondria, i-chloroplast, i-lysosomes, i-nucleus kunye ne-endoplasmic reticulum ukuba isebenze ngaphakathi kweseli kwaye ikhuselwe kwizilonda eziphantsi. Oku kufaneka nasiphi na iseli esinezo nxalenye ze-membrane. Ngaphezulu, i-membrane yeplasma ineemvelaphi zokugcina i-cytoplasmic, apho udibaniso lwe-intercellular lwenziwa khona. Lo ngumzekelo wokufezekiswa komsebenzi womatshini we-plasma membrane. Indima ekhuselekileyo yesikhumbuzo iyaqinisekiswa ngokunyamekela kwendalo kunye nokuchaneka kwe-lipid bilayer.

Umsebenzi woqhagamshelwano lomlenze we-cytoplasmic

Phakathi kwemisebenzi yokuqhagamshelana ukuthutha nokufumana. Ezi zimbini iimpawu ziqhelekileyo kwi-membrane ye-plasma kunye nekaryolemma. I-membrane ye-organelles ayisoloko ifumana i-receptors okanye ihamba ngeendlela zokuthutha, ngelixa i-karyoloma kunye ne-cytolemma ezi ziko zikhoyo. Kungenxa yokuphunyezwa kwabo kule mi sebenzi yokuthetha.

Izithuthi zifezekiswa ngeendlela ezimbini ezikhoyo: ngeenkcitho zamandla, oko kukuthi, ngendlela esebenzayo, ngaphandle kweendleko, ngokusasazeka ngokulula. Nangona kunjalo, iseli inokuthutha izinto kunye ne-phagocytosis okanye i-pinocytosis. Oku kuqondwa ngokubamba ilifu lemali okanye i-particle eqinile ngokukhutshwa kwe-cytoplasm. Emva koko iseli nje ukuba ngezandla zithatha i-particle okanye i-drop of liquid, iyakhuphela ngaphakathi kwaye yenze i-cytoplasmic ungqonge kuyo.

Ukuthutha okusebenzayo, ukusabalalisa

Uthutho olusebenzayo ngumzekelo wokutyunjwa okukhethiweyo kwe-electrolytes okanye izondlo. Ngendlela yezithuthi ezithile ezimelelwe iimodeli zeprotheyini ezinamacandelo amaninzi, i-substance okanye i-i-hydrated ion ingena kwi-cytoplasm. Ndiyakushintsha iziganeko, kwaye izondlo zakhiwa zibe ngamaketanga anqabileyo. Yaye yonke le mi sebenzi yeplasma membrane kwiseli yenza inxaxheba ekukhuleni nasekuphuhlisweni kwayo.

Lipidosolubility

Amaseli ahlukeneyo aphezulu, umzekelo, ukhathazeka, i-endocrine okanye i-muscle, sebenzisa le mizila ye-ion ukuvelisa ukuphumla kunye nokwenzeka kwamanyathelo. Yakhiwe ngenxa yokungafani kwe-osmotic kunye ne-electrochemical, kwaye izicubu ziyakwazi ukukhontrakthi, ukuvelisa okanye ukuphazamiseka, ukuphendula iimpawu okanye ukuzithumela. Le yindlela ebalulekileyo yokutshintshisiswa kolwazi phakathi kweeseli, eziphantsi kokulawulwa kwemizwa yemisebenzi yendalo yonke. Le mi sebenzi yomgca we-plasma yeselwanyana sezilwanyana inikezela ukulawulwa komsebenzi obalulekileyo, ukukhusela nokuhamba kwendalo yonke.

Ezinye izinto zingena kwi-membrane kuzo zonke, kodwa oku kuluphawu kuphela lwee-molecule ze-lipophilic ze-molecule. Bavele baqhekeke kwi-bilayer ye-membrane, bewela kalula kwi-cytoplasm. Le ndlela yokuthutha iyimpawu ze-hormone ze-steroid. Kwaye i-hormone yesakhiwo se peptide ayinako ukungena kwi-membrane, nangona iphinda idlulisele ulwazi kwiseli. Oku kufezwe ngenxa yobungqina bomhlaba kwi-plasmolemma ye-molecule. Iinkqubo ezinxulumene ne-biochemical of transmission transmission kwi-nucleus kunye neendlela zokungena ngokuthe ngqo kwezinto ze-lipid ngokusebenzisa i-membrane zibe yindlela elula yokulawula imimiselo. Yaye yonke le mi sebenzi yeeprotheni ezibalulekileyo zembumba yeplasma ayifuni nje kuphela ngeseli enye, kodwa yinto yonke.

Itheyibhile yemisebenzi yesikhumba se-cytoplasmic

Indlela ecacileyo yokuhlukanisa imisebenzi yembumba yeplasma yile tafile, ebonisa indima yayo yemvelo kweseli ngokupheleleyo.

Le tafile ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba yintoni imisebenzi ye plasm membrane eyenziwa. Nangona kunjalo, le mi sebenzi idlalwe kuphela ngumlenze weselfowuni, oko kukuthi, i-borey bilayer ejikeleze iseli yonke. Ngaphakathi kukho kukho i-organelles, eneempawu. Iimbopheleleko zabo kufuneka ziboniswe ngendlela yeskimu.

Imisebenzi yembumba yeplasma: isikimu

Kwiseli, ubukho beembrane bubonakaliswe yi-organelles elandelayo: i-nucleus, i-rticus ne-smooth endoplasmic reticulum, i-complex Golgi, i-mitochondria, i-chloroplast, i-lysosomes. Kulolu hlobo ngalunye lwale mibutho, iimbumba zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Unokuyicinga ngokusebenzisa umzekelo wesicwangciso setafile.

Iimbumba zeeseli zesilwanyana

Leyo yimi sebenzi yelungu le-plasma kwiseli, apho lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwibhunga ngalinye. Yaye ininzi imisebenzi kufuneka idibaniswe ibe yinye-ibe yikhuseli. Ngokukodwa, imisebenzi yokukhawulela kunye nemigudu iyahlanganiswa ibe yindawo ekhuselekileyo. Ukongezelela, imisebenzi yeplasma yefestile kwisityalo esityalo isondele ngokufanayo nakwezilwanyana kunye ne-bhakteria.

Isilwanyana sesilwanyana sisona siqheleke kwaye sihluke kakhulu. Kukho okuninzi ngakumbi, iiprotheni ezihlanganisiweyo kunye nomhlaba apha. Ngokubanzi, kwizinto eziphilayo ezininzi, isakhiwo se membrane sisoloko sinkimbinkimbi kunezinto ezinobuninzi bee-unicellular. Yaye yintoni imisebenzi ye-plasma membrane yesenzi esithile eyenza, inquma ukuba ihambelana ne-epithelial, i-connective okanye i-tissue.