Ingxabano malunga nenyaniso kumdlalo "Ngezantsi" nguMnu Gorky

Uhlobo lomdlalo kaMaxim Gorky "Ngezantsi" lungachazwa njengedrama yefilosofi. Kulo msebenzi, umbhali wakwazi ukuphakamisa imibuzo emininzi malunga nomntu kunye nenjongo yokuba khona kwakhe. Nangona kunjalo, imbambano malunga nenyaniso kumdlalo "Ngezantsi" yaba yintloko.

Imbali yendalo

Umdlalo wabhalwa ngo-1902. Eli xesha libonakaliswe yingxaki enkulu yezomnotho, ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yokuvalwa kwamafektri, abasebenzi bebengekho emsebenzini, kwaye abalimi baphoqeleka ukuba bacele baze bacele. Bonke aba bantu, kunye nabo boburhulumente, babesecaleni lobomi. Ukubonisa lonke izinga lokunciphisa, uMaxim Gorky wenza abameli bakhe bamaqhawe kuzo zonke iindlela zokuphila. Lo nguBharon, owaba ngumdlali ongeyena, owayengumlingisi, uhenyukazi, i-locksmith, isela, i-shoemaker, umrhwebi, abahlali, iphoyisa.

Kwaye ngokuchanekileyo oku kuncipha kunye nentlupheko ebeka imibuzo ebalulekileyo ebomini. Kwaye isiseko sempikiswano yayiyimbambano malunga nenyaniso kumdlalo "Ngezantsi." Le ngxaki yefilosofi iye yahlala ingenakulinganiswa kwiincwadi zesiRashiya, iPushkin, uLermontov, uDostoevsky, uTolstoy, uChekhov nabanye abaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, i-Gorky ayizange ibe yinkwantyi ngolu hlobo lwemiba, kwaye yayidala umsebenzi ongenawo uqobo kunye nokuziphatha kakuhle. Umbukeli ngokwakhe unelungelo lokuzikhethela, ngokuphulaphula iingcamango ezahlukeneyo ezibonakaliswe ngamaqhawe.

Ingxabano malunga nenyaniso

Kulo mdlalo "Ngezantsi", njengoko sele kukhankanywe ngasentla, iGorky ayibonakalisanga nje into ekhohlakeleyo, eyona nto ibhaliweyo yombhali yayiyimpendulo kwimibuzo ebalulekileyo yefilosofi. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, uyakwazi ukudala umsebenzi omtsha ongenakulungiswa kwimbali yeencwadi. Ekuboneni kokuqala, le nkcazo ibonakala ihluke, ingenangqiqo kwaye isahlukaniswa, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe zonke iinqununu zemizibophelo zenziwa, kwaye ukulwa kwamaqhawe kubonakala phambi kokuba umbukeli, elowo ophethe inyaniso yakhe.

I-Multifaceted, ingenangqondo kwaye ingapheliyo into enjalo njengengxabano malunga nenyaniso kumdlalo "Ngezantsi." Itheyibhile enokuthi iyenzelwe ukuqonda oku ngakumbi iya kubandakanya abalinganiswa abathathu: UBubnov, uLuka, noSatan. Zizo ezo zibalo ezikhokelela kwingxoxo ngokukrakra malunga nesidingo se nyaniso. Ukuqonda ukuba akunakwenzeka kwimpendulo yalo mbuzo, uGorky ubeka emlonyeni wale maqhawe amaqondo ahlukeneyo afana nelinganayo nakwi-viewer. Akunakwenzeka ukucacisa isikhundla somlobi ngokwakhe, ngoko ke le mifanekiso emithathu yokugxekwa isichazwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kwaye akukho sisavumelwane malunga nokuba uluphi umbono kwi nyaniso.

Bubnov

Ukungena kwimpikiswano malunga nenyaniso kumdlalo "Ngezantsi", iBubnov inombono wokuthi into ephambili kuyo yonke into yinyani. Akakholelwa kumagunya aphakamileyo kunye nesiphelo esiphezulu somntu. Umntu uzalwa kwaye uhlala nje kuphela ukufa: "Yonke injalo: baya kuzalelwa, bahlala, bafe. Kwaye ndiya kufa ... kwaye wena ... Yintoni ozozisola ngayo ... "Lo mlingiswa usenokuphelelwa yithemba ebomini kwaye akabonanga nantoni na evuyokileyo kwikamva. Inyaniso kuye kukuba umntu akanako ukumelana neemeko kunye neenkohlakalo zehlabathi.

Kuba u-Bubnov amanga ayamkelekanga kwaye akaqondakali, ukholelwa ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuthetha kuphela inyaniso: "Kutheni abantu balala?"; "Ngokombono wam, susa yonke inyaniso, njengokuba kunjalo!" Ngokucacileyo, ngaphandle kokunyanzeliswa kukubonakalisa uluvo lwakhe, ngaphandle kokujonga emva kwabanye. Ifilosofi yaseBubnov inyanisekile kwaye inenzondelelo kumntu, akaboni ngqiqo ekuncedeni ummelwane wakhe nokunyamekela.

ULuka

Kuba uLuka, into ephambili ayiyinyani, kodwa induduzo. Ukufuna ukuletha ukungathembeki kobomi bemihla ngemihla yabantu abahlala kwindlu encinane ubuncinane, ubanika ithemba elingamanga. Uncedo lwakhe lubuxoki. ULuka uyaziqonda kakuhle abantu kwaye uyazi ukuba yeyiphi na into ayifunayo, eqhubekayo nakwenza izithembiso. Ngoko, utshela uAna ofa ukuba emva kokufa kwakhe ulindele uxolo, umdlali wezobuciko usinika ithemba lokunyanga utywala, uthembisa ubomi obulungileyo eSiberia.

ULuka ubonakala njengomnye wabantu abalulekileyo kule ngxaki njengengxabano malunga nenyaniso kumdlalo "Ngezantsi". Impendulo yakhe igcwele uvelwano, induduzo, kodwa akukho lizwi le nyaniso kubo. Lo mfanekiso ungenye yezinto ezintle kakhulu kwiidrama. Kwangexesha elide, abahlalutyi beengxelo bavavanya kuphela kwicala elibi, kodwa namhlanje abaninzi babona izenzo zikaLukas kunye nezihlandlo ezilungileyo. Ubuxoki bakhe buyabathuthuzela ababuthathaka, abakwazi ukuchasa ubukhohlakali bezinto ezibalulekileyo. Ifilosofi yalo mlingiswa ngobubele: "Umntu unokufundisa okulungileyo ... Nangona umntu ekholelwa - wayehlala, kodwa walahlekelwa ukholo - kwaye wakwazi ukuzihlaziya." Ukubonakaliswa kule nkalo ibali lokuba umdala walondoloza njani amasela amabini xa wayebaphatha ngomusa. Inyaniso kaLuka inesihawu kumntu kunye nomnqweno wokumnika ithemba, nokuba yinto engafanelekanga, ukuze kubekho umntu ongcono onokukunceda ukuba aphile.

Satin

I-Satina ithathwa njengomchasi omkhulu kaLuka. Aba bantu babini abakhokelela kwingxabano enkulu malunga nenyaniso kumdlalo "Ngezantsi". Iingcaphuno zikaSatan ziqhathanisa ngokugqithisileyo neengxelo zikaLuka: "Uxoko lukhoboka lobukhoboka", "Inyaniso ngunyana womntu okhululekileyo!"

Ngo-Satin, ubuxoki abuvumelekanga, kuba kumntu ubona amandla, ukuqina kunye nokukwazi ukutshintsha yonke into. Usizi novelwano alunanto, abantu abayidingi. Ngulo mlingiswa obiza i-monologue eyaziwayo malunga noothixo-ndoda: "Kukho umntu kuphela, kodwa ke abanye abanye ngumsebenzi wezandla zakhe nengqondo yakhe! Kuhle! Kuyavakala - ngokuzingca! "

Ngokungafani noBubnov, owaziyo kuphela inyaniso aze aphike ubuxoki, uSatan uhlonipha abantu, ukholelwa kuwo.

Isiphelo

Ngaloo ndlela, imbambano malunga nenyaniso kumdlalo "Ngezantsi" yinto yokwenza iqhinga. I-Gorky ayinikezeli isisombululo esicacileyo kule mpi, ukucacisa ukuba ngubani olungile, ukuba zonke izibukeli zifanele. Nangona kunjalo, ku funeka kuqatshelwe ukuba isigxina sokugqibela seSatin siviwa ngexesha elifanayo njengengoma yomntu kunye nefowuni kwisenzo esenzelwe ukutshintsha into ekhohlakeleyo.