"Red Army ngokweyelenqe": inkcazelo, imbali kunye namanqaku anika umdla

"Red Army ngokweyelenqe" yenye lamaqela-iphiko ekhohlo kakhulu ezaziwayo-kakuhle Kwisiqingatha sesibini kwinkulungwane yama-20. imisebenzi yayo zisekhona amaxesha impikiswano German kunye noluntu jikelele. Eli qela isebenzela kummandla Federal Republic of Germany waza waduma ngenxa yezenzo unesibindi obenziwa igama revolution kunye kumzabalazo ochasene nenkqubo yobungxowankulu. Izimvo kunye nemifanekiso RAF (esi shunqulelo ifumaneka rhoqo ngemithombo Russian ulwimi njengoko intlangano German ekuthiwa Ukubala ngentloko Armee Fraktion) badla ikhuthaze leftists abaselula namhlanje.

IMVELAPHI OF THE

"Red Army ngokweyelenqe" wabonakala ngokusesikweni ngo-1968. Noko ke, lo mbutho weqela kwenzeka kakhulu ngaphambili. Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, iJamani yahlukana. Inxalenye wasentshona ilawulwa amabutho aseMelika kunye yaseBritani. Kule ndawo, yongxowankulu Federal Republic of Germany yasekwa. Urhulumente waba uxhomekeke kakhulu kwi-US. Ngo-1960 isizukulwana esitsha endinixelelayo andikhumbuli yamaNazi. Ba ngendlela yabo ukutolika iziganeko kwesiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yama-20, yaye ngenxa Obumbe umsantsa phakathi kwabantu abatsha kunye nabantu abaninzi abadala. Phakathi zizifundiswa ziye iingcamango kuthandwa leftist. Ngokuthe ngcembe waqala ukuba ukukhula nenzondo kubenzi urhulumente kunye United States of America, nto leyo yaba nefuthe elibonakalayo kubomi kunye nezopolitiko zaseJamani.

US impiriyali

Emva kokuba US ukuhlaselwa Vietnam ukunganeliseki banda kuphela. Lonke elaseYurophu, iliza woqhankqalazo anti-American. Isikakhulu le zazibonisa umfundi. Ngomhla kummandla Federal Republic of Germany kukho imibutho engekho sikweni, leyo ke inkcaso eqatha ulawulo lwangoku. Ngenxa yengcinezelo kunye ingcinezelo, zonke ezi imibutho abawuthobeli ePalamente. Kwisiqingatha sokuqala 60s amaqela umfundi ukucwangcisa irallie ezahlukeneyo kunye noqhankqalazo, bonke uxolo. amalungu Ikamva RAF bakhuthele kwezopolitiko. Kodwa yonke imizamo ukwenza isakhiwo eziququzelelwe akathweswa sithsaba ngempumelelo. Eliphikisayo yahlulwe unxulumano amancinane eyahlukileyo ukuba becala benza iimbambano zabantu.

nxaxheba

"Red Army ngokweyelenqe" wayengenguye umkhosi esinzulu wezopolitiko okanye kwisakhiwo esikhulu. nxaxheba akhe asebenzayo bayazana yaye nemfihlo kakhulu. Kule nobomi lombutho kwakungekho ngaphezu kokuba abantu abangaphezu kwekhulu asset ngxabano. Noko ke, RAF uye wasebenza ngokusondeleyo namanye ekhohlo-iphiko Communist imibutho ezinkulu eJamani nakwamanye amazwe. "Red Army ngokweyelenqe, 'yaye ' imikhosi Red" adla ngentshukumo ngokudibeneyo ngqo kunye bancedisana ngamnye nezinye.

Xa engcanjini RAF waba Andreas Baader. Wazalelwa kwintsapho-mbali kunye nomakhulu ofundileyo. Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuphumelela, wathatha i imisebenzi esebenzayo yasekuhlaleni. Wazama ukuvula yokuhlala abantwana abangenamakhaya, yena inxaxheba kwiziganeko ezahlukeneyo kunye nemiboniso. Emva Ukuqhelana Gudrun Ensslin kuqala ukulwa oohlohlesakhe kunye norhulumente waseJamani. Kwakhona njengenkokheli ingabizwa Ulriku Maynhof. Ibali lakhe sifana kakhulu ngabantu abathile namanye amalungu kweenkokeli RAF. Ulrika ekuqaleni wahlala ngaphandle kwabazali. Ndizalelwe phezulu zizalamane. Eyunivesithi ayifundelwa intanda kunye yokuhlalisana. Emva koko wasebenza kwiimpapasho ezahlukahlukeneyo. Nokuba phakathi nesifundo wadibana olukhulu ekhohlo Spanish. Wabhala imisebenzi eziliqela odumileyo kwinzululwazi yezopolitiko kunye nefilosofi. Kunye ne Baader kunye Ensslin Ulrike ababandakanyekayo kokutsha ivenkile, apho isiqalo. Kungenxa iivenkile uthuthu e Frankfurt kwakukho "Red Army eliphikisayo".

kwengxabano

Ngo-1968, amalungu RAF sele wadala nobudlelwane. Kunye nabanye abantu-iphiko ekhohlo, baye bathatha inxaxheba kwimiboniso. Ngelo xesha saqalisa ukuba iingxoxo malunga nokwenzeka yobundlobongela obujongene abachasi bakhe. Ngoko ke, ukususela baphuphayo ulutsha, abantu abaselula ibe abagrogrisi self abafuna sikulungele nantoni na. Senguquko ngcinga i "Red Army ngokweyelenqe" kungathathwa umboniso ngo-1967. NgoJuni 2, Federal Republic of Germany lafika Shah Irana Mohammed Pahlavi. Emva koko, amawaka abantu baphuma nxamnye uzwilakhe yamaSilamsi. Isihlwele baqalisa sathanda emapoliseni, nto leyo ikhokelele kwenye amapolisa adubula umfundi Benno Ohnesorg. Emva koko ke abalweli abaselula waqonda ukuba le nkqubo akayi kubavumela lula ukusasaza iingcamango zabo.

umlilo

Emva konyaka, amalungu eKhabhinethi RAF umlilo iivenkile ezinkulu kwisixeko Frankfurt. Ngokutsho baphembeleli le mfazwe gqitha ikhumbuza uluntu lwaseYurophu into yokuba kukho namanye amazwe apho abantu bayahlupheka ngenxa iimfazwe imigushuzo yi-impiriyali. babonakalisa umlilo napalm, apho imikhosi US wawisa phezu kwiilali Vietnamese, uvutha kuwo umhlaba. Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba umlilo babanjwa kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva. Baye bagwetywa iminyaka emithathu isigwebo sakhe kuyo. Nangona kunjalo, esi sigqibo kuye kwabangela ukunganeliseki eluntwini West waseJamani. Uqhankqalazo yanyanzela urhulumente ukukhulula onke amalungu RAF ngebheyile.

isenzo ngqo

iintsuku ezisithoba emva kokutsha omnye amalungu eqela kude ekunene wenza umzamo yomfundi-yali Rudi Dutschke. Emva kulo mzamo iinkokeli RAF isigqibo ukuba lenze isenzo olukhulu ngakumbi. Bengengabo enkundleni azifihle ngabasemagunyeni. Noko ke, ngo-1970, unyaka Baader wabanjwa. Ulrike Meinhof ugqiba ukwenza isicwangciso ebhegini okukhutshwa umlingani wabo. Ukuba intatheli ezaziwayo-kakuhle, yena ngokoqobo unkqonkqozayo ngokwakhe imvume udliwano ndlebe kunye Andreas. Ukuba ithe yanikezelwa i-Institute of Sociology. Kwintlanganiso, Ulrike wathabatha umpu apho wayosela abalindi wabalekela kunye Baader.

Ngoko nangoko ihlobo uthumela RAF Manifesto kwenye neejenali German. Ngokwabo amalungu bakholelwa ukubaleka Andreas ekuqaleni imisebenzi yayo. Intsingiselo yegama elithi 'umkhosi ebomvu "ngokweyelenqe ucacisa indlela ireferensi umkhosi Russian olululo 1918. Kuba ngenxa iindlela ukulwa abalweli thatha amava sabavukeli Latin kunye yabanqolobi yazo nasezidolophini.

guerilla ukulwa

Kwiminyaka yokuqala emva kokuba ukubaleka kwamalungu Baader RAF waqalisa ukulungiselela impi. Bahlasela imoto umqokeleli kunye neebhanki buphangwe. Kwakhona e Berlin, iliza lokwebiwa yamaxwebhu okuyimfihlo. Le Group iye yaseka uthungelwano omhle kakhulu komhlaba. Kukho abalandeli ezininzi isiJamani "Red Army", lo iqembu liye laqhubeka lisanda, kunye nezinto zokwazisa. Urhulumente ngokucokisekileyo laqalisa ezinkulu, evakalisa nabo kuluhlu wayefuna.

Ngo-1972 kwakukho lokuqala ukuhlasela enkulu abagrogrisi. alwela lasekhohlo-iphiko abaqalise uthotho ukuhlasela ngaphesheya eJamani. Iinjongo zokuhlaselwa ziye ukusekwa ngezobudlelwane kunye nezinye iihambo ze-United States of America. Ngenxa yokuba izenzo RAF kwabulawa abantu 4 elinesibini ezininzi owenzakeleyo.

Wokubamba kweenkokeli

Ngehlobo lowe-1972 onke amalungu abaziwayo RAF babanjwa. Ngomhla lombutho "Red Army ngokweyelenqe," ngoko ke wabhala cinezela ehlabathini. Khusela amabanjwa zivela amagqwetha ezaziwayo-kakuhle. Leftists emhlabeni wonke ebibanjelwe uqhankqalazo. I edumileyo sobulumko French Jean Pol Sartr ndawandwendwela Germany ndidibana namabanjwa Baader. Umfanekiso lamangqina bagaywa abaxhasi entsha ebizwa ngokuba yi-"isizukulwana yesibini RAF". Zavelisa uthotho okubulala bathinjwa-ukuthatha ukuze afumane kuRhulumente yokhululo waseJamani abagrogrisi.

Elinye lamacala abadumileyo zingathathwa ngokuba iwuthimbe lo inkampani moya amalungu "షేక్స్పియర్ William" ye Popular Front ukuba Liberation yePalestina. Kunjalo, zonke iinkokheli RAF zaye isigwebo sobomi entolongweni. Ngowe-1976-1977, bonke bafa entolongweni phantsi kweemeko nokusola Shtamhaym. Ngokutsho kwabasemagunyeni, unobangela wokufa kwaba lokuzibulala ehlangeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, olu guqulelo akuthethi kuswela ukuthembeka, ingakumbi ngenxa yengxinano nengcinezelo oluya umxholo nokuntsonkotha ngokuzibulala abagrogrisi evalelwe yedwa.

ngamanyala

Emva kokufa Baader, Meinhof kunye nabanye kwi RAF, umkhosi abalandeli. Iminyaka engaphezu kwama-mabini, baye bakuhlasela ngqindilili amagosa aphakamileyo zodidi kunye neenkampani ezinkulu. Ngowe-1998, wayeka ukuya khona "Red Army eliphikisayo". Ukunyibilika babengamalungu ezibhengeziweyo le ebizwa ngokuba "isizukulwana sesine". Isizathu akhomba ngaphandle ngamampunge lomzabalazo phambili, yaye ingcinezelo yeematshini yengcinezelo karhulumente.

Noko ke, kwixesha eliphakathi kwe nezazi lasekhohlo, kukho abaxhasi ezininzi RAF unanamhla. Ezintliziyweni olwela abaselula usaphila, "Red Army eliphikisayo". Imbali eli qela idale isiseko bhanyabhanya ezininzi neengoma.