Isikali Russian stratigraphic. isikali stratigraphic International

Xa uhlobo chronostratigraphic kukho injongo efanayo. Yeyona omzimba yenkqubo ngokulandelelana kweengqimba umhlaba kwi yunithi. Baye amagama abo, nto leyo bahambelana nalaa mabinzana yokubala ixesha komhlaba. Iphepha iza kuxoxwa banzi geochronological kunye nobungakanani stratigraphic. They are ubudlelwane ixesha-ofisini kuphela. Stratigraphic, isikali geochronological - loo nto yamkelwe imigangatho. zisetyenziselwa ukungena iziganeko zejoloji.

isikali stratigraphic International

Ukuvela yale nkqubo ubhaqo obalulekileyo kwimbali yoluntu. Yeyona sisiseko stratigraphy. Iindlela zokufumana ulwazi malunga ngembali wejoloji kuqweqwe lomhlaba ziye wavula usebenzisa isikali-langa. ILS iyinto ebalulekileyo, onako ukucombulula iingxaki ezininzi zejoloji. Ngaphandle kwale nkqubo bekuya kuba nzima ukwenza iimephu zehlabathi ezininzi kunye neenkcazelo iindawo ezithile ezinkulu, ezifana ziitectonic plates, namatye neeminerali, paleogeographic, paleoclimatic, paleolandscape kunye nabanye abaninzi.

lwesigama

Le mbono "isikali stratigraphic jikelele" yafunyanwa ngemithombo Russian amaninzi. Phantsi intsingiselo yalo sakuqonda uhlobo jikelele kwenkqubo kunye yobubanzi isicelo sawo. isikali Stratigraphic yinto ethile iiyunithi taxonomic. Le nkqubo oya kuthathwa njengomntu njengokubhekisa ingundoqo ixesha nokwakheka apho ludaka umhlaba esingxotyeni kwasekwa. Umele icandelo ifanelekileyo olupheleleyo lithosfere komhlaba ngaphandle seqela kunye izikhewu ezahlukeneyo.

enkulu isicelo

Le nkqubo ngokubanzi ukusetyenziswa igeyiji for kumathuba ngamnye zejoloji. Kwakhona kusetyenziswa ukumisela ubudlelwane nayiphi na ekhefu lithosfere. Kulo iseti enye okanye raznovozvratnost. Yonke le miba ingasentla ukwenza stratigraphic isiseko isikali yehlabathi ekwenzeni loo maxesha lweziganeko. Le isikali ukufunyanwa isakhiwo ngenxa yembali zejoloji planethi.

amazinga

Ingqokelela imiba ebandakanya isikali stratigraphic, imela zejoloji ulwimi ehlabathini jikelele. upelo lakhe anelisa isivumelwano interstate. ulwimi Professional ngomnye wemisebenzi ezininzi le nkqubo. International Geological Congress uthatha inxaxheba ekumiseleni le migangatho. Kwakhona kule nqubo komdibaniso geosciences. Kangangexesha elide ezi zakhiwo ukulungiselela intlanganiso ekhethekileyo ummeli, ngethuba apho utshintsho ezinye lwenziwayo ILS. Kwintlanganiso yokugqibela ye-International Geological Congress, axelwe ixesha isikali zejoloji.

ILS ukwahlukana

Ezi izinto ukuba zenzeke iinkqubo ngezidalwa zamandulo okanye izakhiwo biostratigraphic. Ezi yunithi anemvakalelo yethutyana kuphela, okt, chronostratigraphic. Ngenxa yesi sizathu yokuba zisetyenziselwa ngqo ngokwahlukana kunye nobudlelwane iinkangeleko. Units equka isikali stratigraphic okunene zimele kuphela kumathuba athile ixesha. Nabo ke, thaca emaweni. Yimbonakalo kwi isiza imbobo phawu ethile ezisisigxina kwemida yawo. Le nto yenziwa phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo. Uphawu isochronous singanqweneleka ukusuka ikhemikali okanye engokoqobo.

ezikhoyo ngoku

Lwalo ngoku isebenza loo isikali stratigraphic yamazwe ngamazwe, nto leyo ikakhulu isekelwe amaqela engingqi. Ingakumbi, inkqubo Western eYurophu. It has olwalo nembali kunye neznye. isikali Stratigraphic kunye kwimiqolo ibonisa izigaba zendalo uphuhliso lweendawo ezithile ngaphantsi komhlaba, kunye biota abahlala kuwo. Oku akuthethi ukuba ukukhanyela ezicacileyo - Umgaqo zembali kunye neznye ngokwenene esebenza ngempumelelo. Nakuba kunjalo, isicelo yayo iphumelela kakhulu kuyo nayiphi na kummandla omnye okanye isitya ludaka. Ukusetyenziswa kweli thuba kuphuhliso kwisikali stratigraphic ngamazwe akwenzeki. Oku kungenxa yokuba amanqanaba uphuhliso lweendawo ezahlukeneyo badla efanayo nggamathuba ubude. Noko ke, ukuba ngaxesha nye ngendlela ethile ngenxa nemiphumela yeemeko zehlabathi.

The main mkhuba

Isivuno isikali yomgama ixesha komhlaba kwiminyaka yenziwa ngokusebenzisa ezininzi izinto ezininzi. Ifuna ukusetyenziswa yonke imiba kunye neziganeko ezisukela isikali zehlabathi nezemimandla. Kwakhona kufuneka nezinye izinto stratigraphic.

Imiqobo kokugqitywa ILS

Ezinjengentsebenziswano Strategic Committee of Russia ngqwabalala bagxeka uphuhliso wakutshanje kuphando lwe-nkqubo. Isibakala sokuba umbutho lwasekhaya wagqiba elizayo ukuze silandele amasiko zejoloji. IKomiti Russian elahla ukusetyenziswa isikali ngobuchule na kuhlobo esebenza kuwo namhlanje. Oku kungenxa awohluke umtyhi zayo, isigama kunye nokuhlelwa. Zonke ezi zinto ukusuka ngamehlo izinto ezenziwayo, echasene yokuba, equlathe isikali jikelele stratigraphic yaseRashiya. Ukongeza, kuba ukungabi nokuqiqa. sizathu Official luluvo, nto leyo ethintela kokugqitywa isikali stratigraphic ngamazwe, inkolelo yokuba komhlaba ezininzi Russian. Bakholelwa ukuba ILS kufuneka sikwazi ukubonakalisa imbali zejoloji planethi. Le nkolelo ezisisigxina Code ahambelanayo. Ngenxa yoko, izinga stratigraphic eRashiya yinkqubo eyahlukileyo namhlanje.

ulwazi olongeziweyo malunga ILS

I-reference ngobuchule iboniswe zizo zonke iinkcukacha malunga nemiba ephambili yale nkqubo, imigaqo, iinkcazelo, ingqiqo, iindidi, equka kwisikali stratigraphic, iinkqubo kunye njalo njalo. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ubukhulu becala kwiiyunithi ukuba abhalwe kwiminyaka. Ziye ke ahlukana asekelwe kuphononongo ilungiselelo oganogram zeengxondorha. Le nkqubo idibanisa iintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo esikalini: ukugcinwa chronostratigraphic kunye nexesha. Imvelaphi ngoku waqonda njenge isakhiwo womlinganiselo ilungiselelo oganogram zeengxondorha namacandelo standard ezo ekhethiweyo imida stratotypes. Uhlobo lwesibini isekelwe phezu units ubude. Ngokomzekelo, kwiminyaka, lo gama i-standard kuyinto yesibini.

Eyona engundoqo imisebenzi yenkqubo

Injongo yokuqala lukho kwisikali stratigraphic, kukuchonga ubudlelwane ixesha sendawo. Kubaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke iinkalo yokwakheka na ufakelo kwephakade eli wayesisalamane zikhabane. Ezi nkalo asixhomekeki na amacebo units chronostratigraphic ezikumila lwehlabathi. Okwesibini, kufuneka ukuba kuphuhliswe isikali eqhelekileyo. Kuyimfuneko ukuseka odolwa epheleleyo eyondeleleneyo izinto ezithile chronostratigraphic. Baye amagama abo yaye zisetyenziswa yandile zengingqi nezehlabathi ngokubanzi. Kulindeleke ukuba oku kuya kuba sisiseko weqela legunya eqhelekileyo. Kufuneka kugqiba iminyaka ngongqameko lwamatye, kwakunye nokuvumela ukuba zinxulumene kwimbali planethi. Oko ingqalelo ukhetho ofanelekileyo, apho uluhlu umgangatho luzalise ulandelelwano lonke ngaphandle seqela kunye izikhewu.

yokwahlukanisa chronostratigraphic

Le nkqubo iiyunithi intlangano amaplanga. Oku kusekelwe khrayitheriya ezifana nobudala kunye nexesha wesiseko. Eyona njongo iphambili yale nkqubo intlangano yamatye eyenza lo uqweqwe, kwiiyunithi ezithile. Nabo ke, ukuba amagama abo, nto leyo bahambelana kwisithuba sexesha zomhlaba. Ezi zinto zisisiseko kwexesha ulwalamano kunye nenkqubo yobhaliso imbali zejoloji siganeko.

iziqephu

Le element imele isethi yonke ngongqameko lwamatye apho kuhlanganiswa kunye qho ethile. Ngokukodwa, ixabiso nokudaleka ngexesha lekhefu olulodwa. Eli candelo libandakanya kuphela amatye, leyo kwasekwa kwixesha elithile kwimbali planethi. Ezi zinto zimiselwe indawo isochronous. Zabo ngenzuzo kunye namabakala Ukuseta ubude bexesha babonakalise. Akuyomfuneko amandla iidiphozithi ezenziwe ukwehla chronostratigraphic ziyinxalenye iiyunithi.

amanye amagama

Xa ezininzi ezinolwazi iiyunithi nokonyulwa gaba kunye nomthamo okwethutyana ngokusebenzisa ezi zinto zilandelayo.

ezimbaxa Chronostratigraphic ibandakanya magama alandelayo:

1. Wenze.
2. Eonothem.
3. System.
4. Series.
5. Erathem.
6. Substage.

Geochronology okulinganayo:

1. Century.
2. Eon.
3. Period.
4. Era.
5. Esiqaphelekayo.
6. Podvek.

Iintlobo izichazi ukubonisa indawo into ngaphakathi chronostratigraphic:

1. Upper.
2. Lower.
3. I-avareji.
4. Uhlobo Lokuqala.

Iintlobo izichazi ezinxulumene ulwahlulo geochronological:

1. Kuyinto emva kwexesha.
2. Early.
3. I-avareji.