Isilwanyana Ezingcwele laseYiputa Ancient. Ukunqulwa yenkomo, inkomo, ikati, Amaqaqa, Ukhozi

AmaYiputa amandulo ayekholelwa ukuba oothixo, wathatha isimo izilwanyana ezahlukeneyo zibangqongile kweli hlabathi kunye, ngaloo ndlela, kuchaphazela ubomi babantu. Ngoko ke, lo ezingcwele izilwanyana yamandulo laseYiputa, uluhlu eliquka iinkunzi zeenkomo, iinkomo, iikati, iingwenya, kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo iintaka kunye nezinambuzane, baba izinto zonqulo. Bathi zavalwa ukuzingela, kunye kukwaphula lo mthetho sinetyala ngebande ngokubulala umntu. Okungaqhelekanga kuphela umbingelelo isiko kunye nezo meko apho isithixo okwimo laqalisa ukwanda ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba iinombolo zabo luphumelele ekusongeleni ebantwini.

iinkunzi Ngcwele etempileni nasemasimini

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo abemi Nile abondliwayo ikakhulu ngeziqhamo ezolimo (izikhukula yonyaka umlambo wadala oku iimeko kuyimfuneko), ngoko ke umsebenzi endle babengakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle idrafti amandla oluthembekileyo, ogama wenza imisebenzi inkunzi. Ngako oko, indima yokuba ayidlalileyo kubomi lonke uhlanga, wanikwa enye indawo lubalaseleyo phakathi kwezinye abameli abenziwe zehlabathi isilwanyana.

Isilwanyana engcwele kakhulu iziqu laseYiputa yaMandulo - yenkomo ogama Apis ukhethe rhoqo ababingeleli yamakhulu kwezinye izilwanyana. yehlelo lakhe bukhulu kangangokuba okhethiweyo kuthatha indawo etempileni Ptah uthixo wenzala, lowo eNofu. Kukho i darling lwekamva ayephila ngobubele ukwamkela umrhumo kuye iimbeko, nto leyo ke, musa lahla oogxa bakhe umsebenzi onzima mihla phantsi kwelanga otshisayo.

APIs unkulunkulu kwempilo

Ngokutsho inkolelo, bonke ubusuku, umfazi wakhe, isithixokazi Nut zezulu, wathatha isimo eenkomo, waya kuye etempileni. Emva uthixo Apis yakhe aqhamileyo, kubonakala ukukhanya kokufa kwakhe elandelayo - nakwimitha ukukhanya kwelanga-ithole, wanyukela ezulwini kwaye yenza kuye ngangohambo lwemini. Xa ngokuhlwa, ubudala ngokwanelisayo ubudala, ephinde wabuya waya etempileni waza wathabatha yangaphambili imbonakalo. Le ubusuku elandelayo yonke kwakhona.

Ngoko ke uthixo Apis ngokohlobo inkunzi kunye nomyeni kunye noyise, kunye nomntwana wakhe. Xa makabulawe sele ngokwenene, ababingeleli ukufumana indawo. Ukuzalisekisa lo msebenzi ubalulekileyo oluhambelana hayi zonke eziphilileyo, kodwa kuphela iimpawu ezithile. Ngokukodwa, i-sicelo kufuneka ukuba ebunzi unxantathu emhlophe phezu ecaleni ndawo ukukhanya, ngokungathi nenyanga Crescent, yaye intamo omnye ngaphezulu, kodwa ngohlobo njengokhozi.

Kuyo umfikazi uMiriam zidumbu ngokungqinelana nemigaqo yale art samandulo uze uyifake kwi sarcophagus ekhethekileyo, ihonjiswe ngamatye kunye amakhubalo ezingcwele babekwa an necropolis komhlaba, ayafana, eNofu, ngasentshonalanga elunxwemeni lomlambo. Ukuba uqwalasela ukuba ubomi yenkomo (nokuba ezingcwele) yi-avareji engama-15-20, waqubuda kuye kangangeenkulungwane, kucacile ukuba ngokuhamba kwexesha ezi sarcophagi wambumba isixeko kwabafileyo.

Ukunqulwa ngayo iimazi ngamaYiputa amandulo

kukunqulwa ngabantu bonke kwi-Nile Babengqongwe kuphela Ndihlanganyelwe zeziziimbalasane kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ndlongo kakhulu, kodwa nabahlobo babo ngakumbi ngoxolo. inkomo Ongcwele bekusoloko kukho uphawu ebalulekileyo oothixo baseYiputa, yaye akazange sele ngazo amadini. Oku kuchazwe yi kukuba, ngokutsho zeemposiso kakhulu, yaba ihlupha kwenye isithixokazi - Hathor kangcono ubufazi, uthando kunye nokuchuma. Ukongeza, imazi engcwele, njengayo nayiphi na, ukunika usapho kunye nobisi, kunokuba, Kakade, ifanelwe umbulelo.

Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, intsomi waseYiputa kuquka yonke imifanekiso ezintsha. Sikwithuba kamva, oko kwandisa kela enkulu ithokazi emhlophe yiHeliopolis, leyo phantsi kwephiko Isis, kwakunye Hathor olawula ngothando, kunye nokuqhubeka kwe-uhlanga lwabantu. It Oni ithathwa unina Apis yenkomo engcwele, zokuhlala ogama etempileni Makofi.

Birds zoothixo baseYiputa

Enye ummeli kakhulu ohlonitshwayo izilwanyana somYiputa lowo Inkonde intaka, ingqalelo enye incarnation basemhlabeni uthixo ubulumko baseAnatoti, obonisa njalo intloko yakhe yomzimba womntu. Ngokutsho iinkolelo amaYiputa amandulo, nguye uMdali yokubhala kunye noncwadi. Xa ubuqaqawuli uthixo-silumko ndavasa kwaye le ntaka Sikhulu, benawo ngemvelo umlomo ende egobile. Ngokutsho umthetho ngaloo minyaka, unetyala lokufa kwakhe yaba phantsi isohlwayo esiqatha kubandakanywa isigwebo sentambo, kwaye yabaqholiweyo nexhoba.

Xa kela oothixo baseYiputa ngeentlobo iqhayiya ndawo nibanikiwe ukhetshe. Kweli xesha yokuqala kwimbali yena yachongwa ne Horus - uthixo zezulu, ilanga kunye ongenayo. Iye yasinda ezininzi nemifanekiso yakhe ngohlobo isafobe oluntu kunye nentloko ukhetshe okanye ilanga ezinamaphiko. Kamva yembali baseYiputa ukhetshe laziwa kunye ingqiqo zabantu umphefumlo-Bas, nto leyo yingqokelela iimvakalelo zakhe neemvakalelo.

Ngexesha yomphefumlo umntu akwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo zombini ehlabathini amaphupha kunye labyrinths ezimnyama ubukumkani kwabafileyo. ixesha elithile emva kokufa inkosi yakhe, umphefumlo-Ba kwihambo silale. Xa imbonakaliso yamaYiputa, kwakubonakala inkangeleko ukhetshe intloko yomntu, eyahlukileyo kakhulu ukusuka uthixo umfanekiso uHorus.

izilwanyana ezingcwele laseYiputa yamandulo: ikati

Noko ke, iintaka kuphela yinxalenye yonk 'into ekuthiwa sisithixo. Enye isilwanyana engcwele eYiputa mandulo, na into yonqulo kawonke - yinto ikati. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba phantsi Isimo ngaphantsi kancinane kunenkunzi yenkomo. Ngokubanzi, imbali yezi zilwanyana inxulumene ngqo eYiputa yamandulo. Kukho uluvo lokuba kulapho ke zizilwanyana zasekhaya, kananjalo kubekho nentsika yelitye eyaba iikati Sphynx baseYiputa mihla - a hlobo esibonakala yi kukunqongophala okupheleleyo iinwele.

Xa ubomi Nile waye eselekhulile legolide neekati. Bona wayemthanda kwaye igqalwe naziphi na ezinye eziqaphelekayo zembali. Ikati yayigqalwa ungumgcini-eziko, yaye ukuba le ntsapho uxolo, oko kubalelwa kuyo, Lo sempumelelo. Ukongeza, ukukhusela isivuno namabuzi, banike inkonzo esixabiseke ebantwini, Wabasindisa ngenxa yendlala. Oku, ingakumbi, wayengomnye izizathu zokuba ziikati ezazinqulwa yi amaYiputa nje isilwanyana engcwele.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kwimeko umlilo, inyikima yomhlaba okanye ezinye intlekele ikhaya ngokuyintloko wathwala ikati, kwaye emva unonophelo lwabantwana, abadala, yaye zonke iintlobo impahla. Akumangalisi ke, ukufa cat yaba intlungu efanayo njengoko ukufa naliphi na ilungu losapho. Endlwini yesijwili yabhengezwa, yaye abafileyo wangcwatywa iimbasa efanayo naliphi na ilungu losapho.

Isithixokazi intloko ikati ukuba

Lo mthetho gravest kwakucingwa ukuba ikati nawuphi na umonakalo, akukhathaliseki nokuba kwakunjalo ngokunganyanisekanga okanye hayi. Ngamanye amaxesha wafika ukuya kwizinto ezitenxileyo. Eyaziwa, umzekelo, ityala apho ukumkani wasePersi lukaCambyses eko- waseYiputa wayalela ngamnye amajoni phambili kwecala eqhotyoshelwe ikhaka lakhe ikati live. Ngenxa yoko, amaYiputa yanikezela ngaphandle umlo, kuba nako ukumelana esichengeni ukuyiphatha zabo abazithandayo.

iikati uhlobo ukudlala nonobubele ke isizathu sokuba isithixokazi ukuzonwabisa kunye kumnandi Bastet ngokwesithethe uchazwa njengomfazi nentloko ikati yakhe. A ukwabiwa elikhethekileyo ubume enjalo ngohlobo kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo wangena Ixesha Kingdom uKhangelo (iminyaka 1070-712. BC. E.). ekuthandayo phakathi kwabo Bastet, wancancisa amantshontsho ayo. Kulungile siyazi mihla Egyptian Sphynx cat imbonakalo yayo ngandlel kusikhumbuza eli yesithixokazi yamandulo.

Le deification of iingwenya

Kanye njengokuba inkomo leyo baqubuda ngenxa yendima eyabelwa kuye ukulinywa kwamasimi, esinye isilwanyana engcwele laseYiputa yaMandulo - ingwenya - wathabatha unqulo lwasesidlangalaleni ngenxa ukuchuma komhlaba. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba lo ngobuwena isirhubuluzi ophilayo uthixo Sobek, owayephethe iphalale Nile leyo nisela amasimi nilizise yl upholile.

Like Apis, inkunzi engcwele eYiputa yamandulo, ufana naye malunga nobume ingwenya nokunyulwa ngawo ababingeleli kumakhulu nabazalwana babo. Yena wahlala ngokukhethekileyo sakhiwe itempile, kwaye apho, ehlala benolwaneliseko kuhluthe, kungekudala sizilibale imikhwa emibi kwaye babe kakhulu zalulama. Iingwenya eJiputa vala ukubulala, nokuba kwiimeko apho izenzo zabo ezisongela ubomi babantu.

Amasele neempawu eziwafaka nehlabathi ngaphaya engcwabeni

uvelwano Great kuba amaYiputa amandulo kufunyanwa njengokuba zonke iintlobo emanzini nasemhlabeni. Ngokukodwa, amasele zifakiwe phakathi izilwanyana engcwele, ngenxa yokuba yinxalenye enesihlwele esinzima uthixokazi Heket kangcono abafazi njengozalayo. Ukongeza, kukho inkolelo yokuba kukho amandla ezikhululekileyo. Oku kwavusa ukunxulumana nabo ehlabathini ngaphaya engcwabeni, nto leyo ivuselela zonke zawugqiba uhambo lwabo basemhlabeni.

snake okuhle nokubi

Ziinyoka amaYiputa ukuba kufikwa, ngokuba ekuqondeni elidlulileyo ezi zidalwa aba zizigidimi umgaqo okuhle kwanokubi. Umzekelo, inyoka wasentsomini Apophis waye yomntu nobumnyama. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba xa ebusuku uthixo ilanga Ra ogcina indlela yakhe phakathi elunxwemeni lomlambo komhlaba, iinyoka amaqhophololo uzama ukuba ayeke ukusela onke amanzi omlambo. Baqala zokulwa, ukusuka apho Ra usoloko ephuma uphumeleleyo, kodwa ubusuku elandelayo ibali ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

Ngelo xesha linye umxhasi Lower laseYiputa laba ingqalelo a cobra ebomvu, usisimntwiso uthixokazi Wadjet - umgcini ubukhosi. umfanekiso wakhe isitayile - Urey - wayesoloko wazihombisa isithsaba koFaro, njengoko ubungqina bolawulo lwabo kweli hlabathi kwaye elizayo.

Amaqaqa olunokwazisa

Emva ukuthetha iinyoka kufanelekile ukuba ukukhumbula esinye isilwanyana engcwele eYiputa yamandulo, ukuba babe nolwalamano ngqo - Amaqaqa. E eYiputa, le amarhamncwa ezincinci luninzi kwaye lula zadanjiswa yimvelo. Ngokufuthi agcinwe izilwanyana. AmaYiputa ngayazi inkalipho ngazo bawa phezu yamaphimpi.

Ukususela inyoka, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, oko waqonda njengoko abathwali kungekuphela nje kulungile, kodwa umgaqo ububi, kwakukholelwa ukuba Amaqaqa ukuba atshabalalise abo zizele oneenjongo ezimbi. Kuba oku izilwanyana ezincinane ukonwabela kukunqulwa jikelele, kwaye kananjalo njengamalungu isilwanyana engcwele.

Ukunqulwa ngayo Amaqaqa kwakuxhaphakile kangangokuba kule mini zibekwa apho ezikhumbuzo zabo nozuko emanxuweni izakhiwo zetempile. Ukongeza, ngexesha Ukumba eYiputa ndafumana eqingqiweyo zobhedu, kwakunye namakhubalo wearable kunye umfanekiso wesilwanyana. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba le into uyakwazi ukukhusela nxamnye inyoka.

Beetle, uphindaphinde umendo ilanga

Okokugqibela, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukucinga ngaphandle yamandulo Egypt scarab beetle, nto leyo eye yaba ophilayo yale mpucuko ikhethekileyo. Loo kulilungelo wafumana enkosi kuluhlu yayo ethile empumalanga nasentshonalanga wenza iibhola zabo umswane.

Uyayenza ube mde kangangoko vkraplonnye amaqanda emgqubeni ayikho sivuthiwe yaye akayi kuvela ezidla ukukhanya. AmaYiputa bakholelwa ukuba bug ikhuthele emsebenzini ngoko waphinda wona umendo kwelanga, kuqwalaselwa ukuba engumqondiso amandla okudala kulo mzimba wasezulwini.

Akumangalisi, uthixo lwakhe Khepera - uMdali wehlabathi kunye nabantu - ke uchazwa njengomntu kunye scarab entloko. Kukuzukiswa ngokupheleleyo ukuba ngokubanzi, umswane zinambuzane yesiqhelo nalo negalelo nkolelo njengako yena, efana isele, babe isakhono kwisizukulwana ezizenzekelayo, njengaye, kwabakho kummandla lwabafileyo, ukunceda ukuba kuvuka bonke abaqalayo.

umnakekeli uthando

Kuphosakele ukucinga, Noko ke, ukuba zonke izilwanyana nguthixo kwaye wafumana nodumo. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho ngaphandle. Umzekelo, ukunqulwa yande eYiputa imvubu yamandulo eyayikho kuphela kwiSithili Paprimitskom. Ezinye abemi belo lizwe wamphatha balumke kakhulu, nto leyo, Noko ke, akuzange kumthintele ukuba ziveza taweret uthixokazi - patroness rozhenits- lwamabhinqa abamithiyo kwesilwanyana.

Not wayethanda amaYiputa kunye neehagu zijongwa izilwanyana iyinqambi. Kwakukho inkolelo yokuba iihagu ubisi kungabangela iqhenqa. Kanye ngonyaka, ukuba zisetyenziselwe ndiyizisela umbingelelo isiko, waza wadla. Njengoko sibonile, indlala zahlula uloyiko neenkolelo.