Isiqhamo sesityalo sisiphi na? Ukugcina indawo

Umsi uyinto yesityalo. Iqukethe ukubonelelwa kwezondlo. Ngokuqhelekileyo idibana nenkqubo yengcambu. Kodwa oku akunjalo. Kungcono ukuthetha ukuba le ngcambu eguquliwe.

Ukuguqula ingcambu

Umsuka ngumhlaza kunye neengcambu ezichitshiweyo. Oku kungenxa yokubonakala komsebenzi owongezelelweyo. Ingcambu iqala ukuqokelela izondlo zokutya: isitashi, ushukela kunye nezinye izinto. Yingakho zikhula ngobukhulu, ziba zikhuni kwaye zinyama. Uninzi lweengcambu ziyizityalo ze-biennial. Unyaka wokuqala bahlakulela iingcambu kunye nokuhla. Ngomnyaka wesibini, imbewu iyavuthwa. Iinjongo zihlala zizityebi kumaqela ahlukeneyo amavithamini.

Udidi lweentlobo

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo. Ezi ziquka iidroti, i-radishes, iibhunge, i-rutabaga, i-parsnips, i-celery, i-parsley kunye ne-turnips. Ezinye zazo ziquka umlinganiselo omkhulu wamafutha abalulekileyo. Esi sizathu sokusetyenziswa kwabo njengemifuno enobomi ekulondolozeni nasekuveliseni izitya ezahlukeneyo. Isiqhamo sesityalo sihlobo lwemifuno ekwahlula kwiintlobo ezi-3: iibhunge, iinqwelo kunye nama-radishes. Cinga ngabo. Uhlobo lwesanqante ludibanisa i-parsley, i-parsnip, i-karoti kunye neselmatory. Inkalo yabo eyahlukileyo yintlawulo yesondlo sezondlo kwi-bast yesityalo. Ngako oko, ixabiso lawo lixhomekeke ekunciphiseni kwinqutyana, oko kukuthi, ingundoqo. Kuhlobo lwe-beet, kukho iintlobo ezi-3: i-beet ishukela, ukutya kunye nefowuni. Ixabiso lezondlo le mifuno liyakhula kunye nokuncipha kwinxalenye ephambili. Kodwa iingcambu zezityalo ezifana ne-radish, ezibandakanya i-turnips, isithombo, i-rutabaga kunye ne-radish, inesabelo esikhulu sezinto ezincedo kwimphambili. Ukuhlwayela kwezityalo zengcambu kungenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kwindawo esemanzi, ekhululekile.

IiKaroti

Enye yezona zityalo zasendulo yintsimi yeengcambu. Ukutya kwakhe kwakusetyenziswa ngamaGrike namaRoma amaninzi. Ngexesha leMinyaka Ephakathi, izaqathe zazibhekwa njengemifuno enomdla kwaye yayikuphela kwekhulu le-17 eyayihlakulwa yonke indawo eYurophu. Kwintsimi yelizwe lethu, le ngcambu yenyuka ukusuka kumaxesha amandulo. Akusetyenziswanga kuphela kwifom eluhlaza, kodwa kunomuncu, i-pickle, ifumana ijusi. Iikroti zivelisa ukutya okutya. Inomlinganiselo omkhulu ushukela kunye neemaminerali. Le mifuno inotye ngesinyithi, i-potassium, i-phosphorus, i-microelements. Imifuno yeengcambu ixabisa kakhulu iinqwelo ze-carotene. Kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bemifuno ihlulwe zibe yizilwanyana. Iinqwelo ezide (ngaphezulu kwe-20 cm), ezimfutshane (ukuya kwi-5 cm) kunye ne-semi-long (ukusuka kwi-7 ukuya kwi-20 cm).

Le ngcambu kufuneka ihlwayelwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ukuhlanganisana kuthatha ixesha elide ngenxa yemali ebalulekileyo yeoli efunekayo. Ngoko ukuba imbewu ihlume ngokukhawuleza, ngaphambi kokuba ihlwayelwe, kufuneka ifakwe emanzini acocekileyo okanye ngokudibanisa i-aloe juice, i-soda okanye i-ash. Emva koko, kufuneka bahlanjwe baze bagcinwe iintsuku eziliqela kwifriji. Ekubeni imbewu iyincinci, ixutywe nesihlabathi ukuze kube lula ukuhlala. Ubunzulu obunzulu bokuhlwayelwa ngu-2 cm. Ububanzi phakathi kweendonga kufuneka kube ngu-20 cm. Emva kokuhlwayelwa, loo ndawo ingabhekiswa ngefilimu ukugcina ukushisa nokukhawuleza ukuhluma.

Ukusongela iinambuzane kwiidroti, unokuhlwayela i-calendula okanye anyanisi phakathi kwabo. Ngevumba elikhethekileyo baya kukukhusela isityalo kwisityalo. I-kroti isoloko ihlaselwa yi-block block. Ukulwa naloo nto, izityalo kufuneka zifakwe nge-infusion yecuba. Akayi kuzisa nayiphi na ingozi kwiingeniso kwaye uya kuthusa i-disest.

Parsley

Ukutya kwethu kukhuthaza izityalo ezininzi. Ingcambu ye-parsley kunzima ukucinga. Bonke abantu basebenzisa ukutya. Nangona kunjalo, inxalenye engaphantsi komhlaba isityalo isisityebi kwizinto ezincedo. Konke kuxhomekeke kwizikhetho zakho. Ngenxa yemali enkulu yamafutha abalulekileyo, i-parsley inokuvumba kwangaphambili.

Beet

Le mifuno isetyenziselwe ukutya ukususela ngexesha elidlulileyo. Iingcambu ze-Beet zinyuka kuzo zonke iindawo zelizwe lethu. Ngenxa yokugcinwa kwexesha elide, imifino esetyenziswayo isetyenziselwa ukupheka unyaka. Ixabiso le-beet liphezulu kwixinaniso yentshukela. Iqulethe i-malic ne- oxalic acid. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ingcambu ye-beet ihlanganisa manganese, isinyithi, i-potassium kunye ne-calcium, kunye neentonga zayo zizityebi kwi-carotene, iivithamini zeqela B kunye neC. Ngoko ke, imifuno ibonwa njengeluncedo kakhulu.

I-Beet seeding ivame ukuqhutyelwa ekupheleni kuka-Epreli, xa ubuncinane bomhlaba bubushushu bubungama-6 ° C. Ukuba ubeka imbewu kwindawo ebanda, ngoko isityalo sinokuqhaqhazela kwaye singenzi i ingcambu. Izona ziqhamo ezinonophelo ziyi-8 cm. Azinjalo kakhulu kwaye ziphekwe kakuhle. Ungasebenzisa iibhokisi zokhuni ukugcina iibhotela. Kuzo, gcina iziqhamo, uwathulule ngesanti.

Iipatata

Akunabani na umntu kwilizwe lethu unokucinga indlela yokutya ngaphandle kwemifuno ebizwa ngokuthi iitata. Isiqhamo sesityalo sikhula kakuhle kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo. Uthathwa njengesityalo esithandayo. Iingongoma eziphambili ekuhlaleni kwazo zifakela izichumisi, ukulawula ukhula kunye neentaba. Ukutyala iitatate ezilungileyo zizona zilimo ezincinane (kunye nenqama yenkukhu). Ukufumana isivuno esingcono, zihluma ngaphambi kokutshala. Ngenxa yoko, amazambane asasazeka kwindawo enye engaphantsi kombhobho kunye neqondo lokushisa malunga ne-13-15 ° C. Ngoko ihluma iya kuba yomelele kwaye iqine, kwaye ngoko ayiyi kuphuka xa ityala. Iitatayi zikhulule kakhulu umhlaba. Ngoko ke, isetyenziselwa ukuhlakulela iisayithi ezintsha. Ukufumana isityalo esingcono, umhlaba utyalwa ngamacube omabini kunye nendawo yamaminerali. Xa kuhluma amazambane, kufuneka siyiqwalasele ukulawulwa kokhula ukuze bangaphazamisi ukuphuhliswa kwesityalo kunye neengcambu. Kodwa emva kokuvala izityalo zokhula kufuneka zime. Oku kwenziwa ukukhusela umonakalo kumntwana. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuvuna imifuno luqala kwaye luphakathi kuka-Agasti. Okokuqala, bayayimisa ilanga. Kodwa musa ukushiya ixesha elide, njengoko oku kuholele ekutheni ukutsalwa kwezilwanyana. Emva koko, akutshintshi nje umbala, kodwa kunye nenkolelo, kwaye ibuye ibe yingozi kubantu. Nangona lo tshintsho kuthathwa njengeluncedo kwimpahla yembewu. Ukusuka kwezi zilimo eziyizigaxa ungakhula amazambane amahle. Isivuno sesityalo sonakaliswe ngokubanda se--2 ° С. Ngoko ke, kufuneka igcinwe kwisebusuku ye-2-5 ° C kwaye ilungiselele amaxesha amaninzi ebusika ukususa iziqhamo ezonakalisiweyo kwaye ziphule izihluma.

Iingxaki zokulondoloza izityalo zengcambu

Ingozi ebalulekileyo ekulondolozeni izityalo zengcambu zimhlophe, zimpunga, zimnyama, ibhaktheriya kunye nokubola, kunye ne-bacteriosis. Iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokulondoloza kukushisa kwe-+1 ° C kunye no-humidity of 95%. Imifuno emide kakhulu engcambu yeengcambu ihlala emanzini encantyambo kunye nobunzima bomlinganiselo wemitha kunye nobubanzi obuya kwi-100 cm. Isinyathelo esibalulekileyo kukucoca isityalo kwisityalo kunye nokuhlolwa kwayo ngokucophelela. Ukugcina, khetha ezo ziko apho kungekho monakalo. Ukuba imifuno iye yachithwa kumhlaba owomileyo, kufuneka imiswe kakuhle ngaphambi kokuba ifakwe emiphongolweni.

Ukugcina imifuno

Ukugcina indawo kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwabo. Ngokomzekelo, iibhontshisi zilungele ukugcinwa kwexesha elide. Isivuno sinqunyulwa ngokukhawuleza emva kokukhutshwa komhlaba. I-Beetroot ifakwa kwizitokhwe okanye kwiibhokhwe, ezifakwa kwisanti. Izivuno ezincinci zigcinwa kwiibhokisi ezikhethiweyo okanye kwiibhokisi. Ukuze ulondoloze ixesha elide leekroti, isanti iyasetyenziswa. Cinga ngomgaqo. Okokuqala benza izilwanyana zentlabathi ezi-3 cm. Emva koko, u-3 cm wesanti uthululwa phezulu kwakhona, omnye umqolo weemifuno kufakwa. Ungazicwangcisi kakuhle izityalo zengcambu, ukuze ungaphazamisi ukuhamba komoya. Ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwemifuno kwangexesha elide, izityalo zesityalo esingaphambili kufuneka zicocwe ngokucokisekileyo. Emva koko siza kutshabalalisa iindonga kakuhle kwaye siwachitha nge-lime ukutshabalalisa i-fungi.

Impawu e luncedo

Inzuzo yemifuno yeengcambu iphinda kwimeko yokuba ngoncedo lwabo ungaphatha izifo kwaye uqinise umzimba womntu. Kuye kwabonakaliswa ngokwesayensi ukuba ukusebenzisa ii-karoti kunciphisa amathuba okuba unomdlavuza. Kwaye i-beet iyanciphisa uxinzelelo. Yiyo indlela iingcambu ezinokukunceda ngayo! I-beet iphambili ngenxa yomxholo we-folic acid kunye ne-silicon inomphumela wokuvuselela emzimbeni. Le tile yemifuno yamathumbu kwaye ikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwengqondo. Iinqathi, ngokubonga kwimixholo ye-beta-carotene, iyimfuneko yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba nokugcinwa komsebenzi wezitho zombono. Ukongezelela, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwandisa umkhuhlane. I-Pasternak isinconywa ukuba ifake kwisondlo njengemifuno yokutya (ukutshintshwa kweetatate). Ukukhulula umzimba weesxibisi, kuyimfuneko ukutya israshi ekudleni. Indlela engcono yokucoca amathumbu avela kwi-toxins kwaye ususe i-cholesterol yongeza i-seasoning nge-horseradish ekudleni. Kusebenza ngokusemandleni ekulwa namaseli omhlaza womhlaza. I-Celery iyanconywa kubantu abanobunzima obunzima. Akugcini nje ukuhlambulula umzimba weengxube, kodwa iphinde iphule amafutha, kwaye ikhawuleze imetabolism. Yingakho isityalo seengcambu kungekhona nje ithuba lokunciphisa ukutya kwakho, kodwa nethuba lokuphucula.

I-neutralization yemifuno

Ingozi enkulu yokuthenga imifuno yi-nitrate. Asinakuqiniseka ngokupheleleyo ngomgangatho wezityalo ezizithengileyo, ngoko kuyafaneleka ukuba sazi ezinye iindlela zokuzinqanda. Ngokomzekelo, kwiifatata, i-nitrates eninzi iqokelela kwesikhumba. Ngoko ke, nganye i-tuber kufuneka ihlambuluke kakuhle ngaphambi kokupheka. Iibhontshisi ziqokelela i nitrates kwisicatshulwa kunye nesiqu. Ngaphambi kokuyilungisa, iindawo eziphezulu kunye nezantsi zimele zinqunywe kakuhle, zingabi zisola. I-Radish ibhetele ukuthenga ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo kunye nomlo ojikelezayo. Iingcambu eziqhoqhoqhoqileyo kunye neengqumbo zihlala ziqukethe iitrates ezininzi. Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba imifuno ayinakukhutshwa ngezinto ezinobungozi, koko ngaphambi kokuba ungeze kwisitya kufuneka usebenzise unyango olushushu. Emva koko i-nitrates ezininzi iya ku-decoction.