Izigwenxa ezineendlela ezimbini zecala kumthetho wobugebengu

Isimo sengqondo somntu kwisenzo esiyingozi sezenzo esenzileyo sithathwa njengetyala. Ibonakalisa kwindlela yokuthatha isenzo okanye ukungabikho komsebenzi kunye nemiphumo eyingozi yentlalo ngenxa yolu lwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwe ngokungafanelekanga okanye injongo. Isimo sengqondo esingalunganga somntu kumasiko, imithetho, imimiselo, iimfuno ezithatyathwa kuluntu, kubonakaliswe kuthutho lolwaphulo-mthetho, okubaluleka kwintlalo yoluntu.

Iwayini yenye yeempawu eziyimfuneko zolwaphulo-mthetho oluyingxenye yobunjwa balo njengenyaniso yenyaniso. Uxanduva lobugebengu eRussia luza kuphela xa kukho le nto. Xa engekho, uxanduva aluyi kuza.

Iwayini kumthetho wobugebengu uneefom ezimbini. Cinga ngabo. Kule meko, ulwaphulo-mthetho oluneentlobo ezimbini zecala lunokuthi lube yinxalenye yesenzo esisemthethweni.

Sithetha ntoni na?

Umntu unetyala xa wenza ngenjongo okanye engenziwanga ngesenzo esingekho mthethweni. Kwimithetho yezobugebengu, iintlobo ezimbini zetyala zichongiwe: injongo kunye nokungabikho. Yintoni na? Injongo ichanekileyo okanye ayikho ngqo. Isohlwayo engazange ivele iquka ukunyaniseka nokunyaniseka.

Iwayini ethanda

Injongo ecacileyo iboniswa ekuzalisekeni kwengozi kubantu abakujikelezile ngabantu bezenzo zabo, ukuqonda ukungaqiniseki kwabo okanye ukuba kungenzeka ukuba kube nemiphumo ethile.

Injongo engacacanga ibonakalisa ukuqonda ngomntu owenze isenzo sobugebengu, ingozi kawonkewonke, kunye nokulindeleka kokufumaneka kwemiphumo, ukungabikho komnqweno wokubonakala kwawo. Kodwa ngelo xesha umntu wabakhathalela. Okanye sikhuluma ngokungeniswa kwemiphumo emibi.

Iwayini elibi

Ukunganakwa kuboniswa kwinto yokuba umenzi wobubi akhathalelekanga kwimiphumo yolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngenxa yoko, le nto ibonwa njengezityalo ezinobungozi.

Ukunganakwa kuboniswa ngeendlela ezimbini zecala: ukunyaniseka nokunyaniseka. Ulwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwe ngokunganakwa lubonakaliswa ngokungabikho kwangaphambili komntu obenzileyo, ukufika kwemiphumo emibi. Kodwa ngokulumkiso oluyimfuneko kunye nokunyamekela, umntu unako kwaye kufuneka ukuba ucinge ngemiphumo ethile.

Ulwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwe ngokubaluleka lubhekwa njengesenzo somntu owabonile kwangaphambili ukuba kungenzeka ukuba kubekho imiphumo eyingozi yezenzo zakhe kubantu abakujikelezile, kodwa kubalwa (ngaphandle kwesizathu esaneleyo) ukubathintela.

Izigwenxa ezineendlela ezimbini zetyala

Ubuninzi bezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho lwenziwa ngenye yeendlela ezifunyenwe zetyala. Ngexesha elifanayo, ezinye izakhiwo ezifanelekileyo ezizenzayo ngokungekho mthethweni zibonelela ngokubonakalayo kwezi zimbini. Njani? Ngokomzekelo, kwinqanaba lomcimbi wolwaphulo-mthetho, injongo yokwenza isenzo esizibophelelayo kunye nokungabikho komsebenzi ngokuphathelele kwimiphumo yaso.

Iintlobo ezimbini zecala kumthetho wezobugebengu zinokuvela xa isenzo esenziwe ngokuzithandela senza imiphumo ethile. Ngelo xesha, abazange baveze izicwangciso zommangalelwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu akafuni kwaye akazange avumele ukuqala kwemiphumo eyingozi.

Ngokomzekelo, iifom ezimbini zecala kwelinye icala libonakaliswa ngokubangela ingozi enkulu kwimpilo. Kwaye oku kubandakanywa, ngokungakhathali, ukufa kwexhoba. Ngelo xesha, umenzi wobubi wenza ingozi yezenzo zakhe, wabona kwangaphambili imiphumo, kodwa ngendlela yokulimaza kakhulu impilo. Wayeyifunayo kwaye wavumela ukukhubeka kwabo. Kodwa akazange akhulelwe ngokubangela ukufa kwexhoba.

UMthetho woLawulo

Njengengxenye yecala lokuzibeka phantsi kwecala kumthetho wolawulo, ityala linxulumano lwangaphakathi lomntu owenze lo mthetho mthetho kunye nemiphumo eyingozi. Kuphela ebusweni bezenzo eziphosakeleyo zetyala kuvela uxanduva oluthile lwezomthetho kubantu ngabanye nakwamashishini angomthetho.

Kwimithetho yolawulo, ukwahlula zibe zintlobo zecala kaninzi akwenza ingqiqo ngokuphathelele kumashishini angomthetho.

Zonke zichongiwe ukusuka kwicala eliphantsi lolwaphulo-mthetho. Kukho uhlalutyo lwesimo sengqondo sokubambisana ngokubhekiselele kwisenzo sobugqwetha. Ifomu yecala iyanqunywa. Iimeko zivavanywa ukuthatha amanyathelo okunyanzelisa umthetho kunye nokuba ngaba kukho ithuba.

Iifom zecala

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zecala kwi-Code of Administrative Offenses: ukungabikho komsebenzi kunye nenjongo. Makhe siwaqwalasele ngokubanzi. Inkolelo yecala ngesimo senjongo yesenzo sobugqwetha sibonakaliswe ngokuqaphela umntu ongalunganga kwesenzo sakhe, ukulindela kokuqala kwemiphumo emibi, umnqweno kunye nokucingwa kwezinto zabo ezimbi okanye ukungabi namdla kubo.

Izigwenxa ezenziwa ngokunganakwa zibonakaliswa ngokubakho kokuqala kwemiphumo emibi yezenzo zabo, kodwa zingabonakali ngokuziqhenya ngokuzikhusela kwabo okanye ithuba lokubona kwangaphambili.

Ifom yezenzo zecala ibonakaliswe ngokungenanto okanye ngqo. Le nto iqulethwe ngokuqondakala ngumntu wokungahambisani nomthetho wesenzo, ukulindela ukufikelela kwimiphumo emibi, ukucinga okanye ukungahloneli. Ngenjongo ngqo, umoni uyafuna iziphumo. Ukuba injongo ayikho ngqo, ngoko umntu akafuni ukulimaza, kodwa wenza izenzo zakhe ngokungakhathaleli okanye uyavuma ukuba uyaphikisana.

Isenzo esingakhathali singabonakaliswa kwiintlobo ezimbini zecala: ukunganakwa nokunyaniseka.

I-Frivolity iquka ukubonwa kwangaphambili ngumntu wesiphumo esiphumelekileyo esingekho mthethweni. Kodwa le ndoda yethemba ngokuzikhukhumeza ukukhusela.

Ukunganakwa kubonakala ngokungabikho kokubona kwangaphambili kumntu wokuba kuya kuba nemiphumo engekho mthethweni. Nangona umntu wayenokuba kwaye wayenokubona kwangaphambili ukunyusa kwabo.

Icala lolawulo elenziwe ngokuzithandela linobungozi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nokuphulwa komthetho.

Amanqaku amaninzi ekhowudi yolawulo ayibonakali uhlobo lwetyala, kuba akuyimfuneko. Uxanduva lokulawula luyenzeka kungakhathaliseki ukuba lunetyala elingenakusola okanye lokuzikhethela. Umzekelo, ukuba umqhubi uphula umthetho weendlela. Ukuphulwa kwakwenzeke ngokuzithandela, okokuba, xa umqhubi, umzekelo, ebone isibonakaliso, kodwa wenza ngamabomu ukuphulwa okanye xa umqhubi engazange abone uphawu, oko kukuthi, uyayigatya imithetho yeendlela ngokunganakwa. Kwaye kwiimeko zokuqala neyesibini, umqhubi uya kuxhomekeka kwimilinganiselo elinganayo yoxanduva lolawulo.

Kumthetho wolawulo akukho ziphoso ngeendlela ezimbini zecala xa kuthelekiswa nomthetho wobugebengu, apho kukho icala lezentyala ezimbini.

Iimayini kumthetho wolawulo kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho

Kulawulo, njengomthetho wobugebengu, kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeenjongo zecala kunye nokunyaniseka. Ngaphandle kobungqina becala, akukho ndlela yokufaka isicelo sohlwayo-mthetho kumntu. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela olwaphulo-mthetho ngayo, ngenjongo okanye ukunganaki, ubunzima bezohlwayo kuxhomekeke. Ngokomzekelo, kwimeko yokutshatyalaliswa okanye ukulimala kwipropati, apho inxalenye yecala (ukubhujiswa ngamabomu okanye ukunganaki) kuxhomekeke kwisiphi isohlwayo esiza kuhlawulwa ngumntu owonayo-ukuvalelwa entolongweni, ukulungiswa, ukulungiswa komsebenzi, ukuvalelwa entolongweni. Kumthetho wecala (ngokuchasene nomthetho wolawulo) kunokubakho ubugebengu obuneentlobo ezimbini zetyala. Siye sathetha oku. Ngaphezu kweendlela ezimbini zetyala kwizenzo zobugebengu akunakwenzeka.

Kwimithetho yolawulo, umbandela onombuzo awuchaphazeli ubukhulu bezonyango. Okokuthi, akunandaba nokuba unenjongo, okanye ulwaphulaphulo lwenziwa ngokungahambi. Umzekelo, ukuphulwa kwemithetho yokuhamba. Ukusebenzisa isohlwayo akubalulekanga uhlobo lwetyala, kwaye le nto ibalulekile. Umqhubi unokuphulaphula ngokuzithandela imigaqo yendlela okanye angaqapheli uphawu. Umlinganiselo wesigwebo solawulo oluvela kulo luhlala ungatshintshi.

Umehluko phakathi kwecala lolwaphulo-mthetho

Icala lolawulo kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho luyingozi izenzo zentlalo. Kumthetho wobugebengu, inqanaba leengozi kawonkewonke liphezulu kakhulu kunemimiselo yolawulo. Ingozi kawonkewonke ichazwe kwimimiselo ethile kunye nezikhombisi ezibonisa izinto ezithile zobugebengu kwaye zifakwe kwimithetho yomthetho. Kukusekwa kwesakhiwo somthetho esichaphazela ukukwazi ukwahlula phakathi kwecala kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kwenzekayo ngokusekelwe kwicala lokwakheka komsebenzi, oko kukuthi, lugqitywe ngokungabikho okanye ukuvela kwimiphumo emibi. Kwakhona, izinga leengozi kawonkewonke linokumiselwa ngesiseko somonakalo wepropati. Umzekelo, ukweba impahla yomntu omnye kumvuzo omncinci ngaphezu kwemihlanu kuthathwa njengoluphulo-mthetho. Yaye ukuba isibonakaliso sincinci okanye silingana, ke lo mthetho.