Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili kwemvume: ukuziphatha kunye neziphumo

Ukuhlolwa kweemviwo kwangaphambili kubonwa njengenye yeenkqubo eziqhelekileyo neziqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezithile. Amatyala xa isifundo esinjalo senziwa sichazwa kwiingcamango ezahlukeneyo (eziqhelekileyo kwiibali zamatyala). Ebomini, ukuhlolwa kwe-medical postmortem kusetshenziselwa ulwaphulo-mthetho. Kunzima ukuthetha ukuba yimithombo equlethe iimeko ezinomdla kakhulu. Kuzo zonke iimeko kukho iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi wengcali. Nangona kunjalo, lo mkhuba ubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba iingcali ezisebenza kule ntsimi zihlala zifunwa lonke ixesha.

I sigama

Ukuhlolisiswa kwe- body of the body is study and science. Yenziwa ngokuhambelana nenkqubo eyenziwe ngumthetho. Kwimeko yecala lolwaphulo-mthetho, ijaji, umphenyi, umtshutshisi okanye elinye igosa elinamagunya afanelekileyo liya kuthatha isigqibo malunga noviwo lwezempilo lwezempilo. Ubungakanani boluphando luxhomekeke kwinkalo, injongo, inani lempahla nezinye iimeko. Nangona kunjalo, ngomthetho inqubo akufanele ithathe ngaphezu kwenyanga. Ixesha libalwe ukususela ngelixa iingcali zifumana zonke izinto.

Ulwakhiwo lwenkqubo

Amaziko aphethe isifundo ayengaphantsi kwee-arhente zokuthotyelwa komthetho, kodwa ngokuthe ngqo kumagunya ezempilo karhulumente. I-ofisi yiyunithi yesakhiwo. Ziyakwazi ukuba yommandla, isixeko, i-republican. Umzekelo woviwo lwezomthetho, umzekelo, uqhutyelwa, xa ndifuna ukuqinisekisa ezinye izigqibo ezenziwe kwiziko leedolophu okanye kwezinye iinjongo. I-Bureau, kwakhona, inokuba neeyunithi eziliqela. Ngokomzekelo, ingaba isebe elikhethekileyo lezidumbu, ibhubhoratri, iofisi kumaxhoba nabanye abantu.

Isiphetho (isampuli)

Uhlolo lwezobugqirha lwe-Forensic lwenziwa ukuze kusekwe iimeko zeso siganeko, isimo somzimba, isimo sengqondo somntu ngaphambi nangemva kwesi siganeko, iminyaka yobuhlali kunye nezinye izinto. Izigqibo, ezenziwa ngutitshala ngexesha lophando, kufuneka zenziwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ekugqibeleni, kukho inxalenye yokuqala. Ichaza le micimbi ebeka phambi kwengcali kwifomu engatshintshiyo (njengoko kuboniswe kumaphepha ahambayo). Isingeniso sichaza ulwazi olufunekayo ukuqhuba uphando kunye nokwenza izigqibo. Ziquka, umzekelo, idatha yophando, izikhalazo, uphando, umxholo weirekhodi zonyango, njalo njalo. Emva koko kuza inxalenye yophando. Isebenza njengenjongo yokuqulunqa nokuqinisekisa izigqibo. Inxalenye yophando iqulethe inkcazo ehambelana nokufunda ngesidumbu kunye nayo yonke idatha echanileyo eyabonakaliswa ngexesha layo. Ukulandelelana apho inkcazo yenyani eyenziwa yenziwa ngumcebisi ngokuzimela, ngokuqwalasela iinkcukacha ezithile kwimeko. Nangona kunjalo, ingcali akufanele ihambe ngaphaya kwemithetho ebekiwe. Ngokukodwa, akuvunyelwe ukuba kufakwe ingcaciso yokufumana iingxaki zezilonda kunye nokuxilongwa. Izigqibo zeengcali zikhuthazwa kwaye iimpendulo zenzululwazi ezisekelwe kuyo. Ingcali ingabonisa kule ngxelo yengxelo iimeko apho, ngoluvo lwakhe, zifanelekileyo ukuphanda kwimeko, kodwa azicelwa ukuba zicaciswe okanye zifundwe. Le mibuzo ihamba ngaphaya kobuchule, ingcali iyishiya ingqalelo, yenza amanqaku afanele malunga nayo. Isiphetho sinikezelwa kumagosa agunyazisiweyo.

Imiba yeengxelo

Yintoni efunekayo yophando? Ukuhlolwa kweengxowa-mzimba zesidumbu kuqhutyelwa ukuchonga iimpawu zesimo somntu ngaphambi kokufa. Ngokukodwa, iingcali zichonga izifo ezithatyathwa ngummi, ukuseka indlela yokufumana umonakalo, ukulimala, amanxeba, iifracture ezifunyenwe ngolu hlobo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kunokuthiwa ukuhlolwa kobunzima bokufa kukufunda ngesimo somzimba - amathambo, iishubhu, izitho, izihlunu.

Ubungcali

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwangaphambili kwelokufa akuqhutywanga kuphela kwisikhokelo samatyala olwaphulo-mthetho oluphandwa. Uphando luyalelwe ngumntu onomdla, ukuba kuyimfuneko. Iingcali ziqhuba isifundo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Umsebenzi oyintloko kwimeko yobugebengu ukucacisa iimeko zokufa. Ngokukodwa, isizathu kunye nexesha lokufa lichongiwe. Ngokusekelwe kukuphanda kwendawo, ukuphuhliswa kweemeko eziphambi kokufa kunqunywe. Xa kwenzeka ukuba lo kubulala, uviwo oluphambili lwesidumbu luvumela ukuba sibone isixhobo esenziwa kuso.

Uphando lweengqondo

Lo ngowomnye wemisebenzi yeengcali. Ukuhlolwa kwe-postmortem ye-psychological examination, ngokungafani nezinye iinkqubo, akuhambelani ngqo nomzimba womntu. Ukufumana iziganeko zesimo sengqondo somntu oshonile, ukufundwa kwamaphepha, amaphepha, iinkcukacha ezahlukeneyo malunga nokuziphatha kommi ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe kuqhutywa. Kwezinye iimeko, inkqubo ilula kwaye ayithatha ixesha elide. Ubungakanani boluhlolo luxhomekeke kwiinjongo zayo kunye nemali yezinto ezibonelelwe. Ingcaciso eyongezelelweyo enikeziwe, ichanekileyo ngakumbi iya kuba yisigqibo seengcali. Iingcali zanamhlanje ziyazi indlela yokuqhuba uphando lwe-postmortem ye-forensic examination based on research from sources outside. Kwiimeko ezininzi, usebenzisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo kunye neendlela eziphambili, iingcali ezinokuthembela okuphezulu zibeka imeko yengqondo yomntu ngaphambili nangethuba lesiganeko. Ngexesha leenkqubo, iifoto, ii-tapes zevidiyo, iifowuni zeentetho, iileta kunye nezinye iimviwo zifundwa.

Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho

Ukuhlolwa kweemviwo kwangaphambili kuyimfuneko yindlela yanamhlanje. Namhlanje, iingcali zisebenzisa zombini iindlela ezikhoyo kunye nezanamhlanje. Ukuphonononga ngokucokisekileyo kwezicubu, iziqwenga zomzimba, izixhobo ezisandul 'ukusetyenziswa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ingcali inomlinganiselo omncinci wezinto eziphathekayo. Ngokomzekelo, emva komlilo apho umntu efile khona, kunzima ukuhlala ufumane iziganeko zesiganeko, ukwenza umfanekiso ocacileyo wesiganeko. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usebenzisa izixhobo eziphambili, izixhobo, izixhobo zobugcisa, ke lo msebenzi unokwenzeka. Akukho nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwiimeko zeengcali ngokwabo, isixa solwazi lwabo. Kwezinye iimeko, kwimiba enzima, xa uphando luphethwe yinkalo ethile, abasebenzi bee-arhente ezizodwa ezijoliswe kule ndawo okanye eso sikolo singabhalwa. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabo kuqinisekisa ukuhlaziywa okubanzi kweemeko kunye nezixhobo zecala.

Ekugqibeleni

Uviwo lwezokwelapha lwe-Forensic yinkqubo ethile. Ulwazi oluthile lufuneka ukuba luqhube. Ngomsebenzi wabo, iingcali zilandela iimfuno ezisungulwe kumthetho. Ukuphunyezwa kwemigaqo, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zanamhlanje nobuchwepheshe obuphambili buqinisekisa ukuthembeka okuphezulu kunye nomgangatho wophando.