Izilwanyana zeNcwadi eBomvu yeSithili saseSamara: inkcazelo nesithombe

Ukuxhatshazwa okungaqondakaliyo kwemithombo yabantu kwiplanethi kwakhokelela ekubeni iilwanyana kunye nehlabathi lezityalo ezazikho ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukubonakala kwazo.

Ngenene, umntu unokunyamekela ukuba yonke imihla emhlabeni wonke kunye nakwezinye iindawo ezihlukeneyo zezilwanyana okanye inambuzane iyanyamalala, kodwa umphumo uya kuba ngowomnye-uMhlaba awuyi kulungele ubomi.

Ilizwe ngalinye linobungqina bokuba ukuphela kwezinto zendalo-iBhuku eliBomvu, apho iindidi zeentlobo zezilwanyana nezilwanyana zinegalelo. Izilwanyana zesithili saseSamara, ezidweliswe kwi-Red Book, akukho nto.

Ummandla waseSamara

Kwinqanaba lezemvelo laseSarare lihluke kakhulu kwezinye iindawo zaseRashiya kwiindawo ezininzi zemvelo zihlanganisane apha. Kulo mmandla kukho i-steppes, iintaba, amahlathi kunye nehlathi. Ekubeni i-ice ayizange ifinyelele kule ntsimi ngexesha le-Ice Age, izityalo eziye zazisinda kula maxesha zikhula apha. Le nto yinto engavumelekanga kakhulu, kwaye ibuhlungu ngokukodwa ukuba iintlobo zezilwanyana nezilwanyana ezazikho izigidi zeminyaka ziphela ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu.

Le meko igcinwa yi-Zhigulevsky Reserve, ehleliwe ngasekupheleni kwee-1920, kodwa ke izilwanyana zeBlack Book ye-Samara Region ziqhubeka nokunciphisa abantu.

Ummandla waseSamara uhlala kwintsimi, ininzi yayo ibhankini elungileyo leVolga kwaye kuthiwa yiZavolzhye. I-9% kuphela yommandla usebhini lasekhohlo lomlambo, obizwa ngokuthi iPredvolzhye. Kwimimandla kukho izilwanyana ezimbini eziqulunqwe ngokuzenzekelayo ngamashishini aseKibyshev naseSaratov. Kukho namaqonga angama-306 apha, ezinye zazo ziyimfuneko kazwelonke.

Ukuphazamisa iintlobo zezinambuzane

Ukuba ufunda ngokucopheleleyo odweliswe kwiNcwadi ebomvu yeSithili se-Samara, iintlobo ezili-17 zeentaka zifumaneka phakathi kwezilwanyana, abahlali babo behla minyaka yonke. Ezi ziquka i-Orthoptera kunye ne-dragonfly, kunye ne-coleoptera, i-Lepidoptera kunye ne-Hymenoptera. Iintlobo zezilwanyana:

• Umlawuli-umlindi ngumnye weenqabana ezinkulu kwihlabathi. Amaphiko aloo nambuzane afinyelela kuma-50 mm, i-trunk eluhlaza kunye nemivimbo yombala omnyama. Umsila wabesilisa uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kwaye amabhinqa ayiluhlaza, kodwa kulawo, nakwabanye kuwo wonke umqolo kukho umnyama omnyama. Olu hlobo lwe-dragonfly lubaleka kwaye luzingela ngokukhawuleza, lusebenzisa ukuloba iinambuzane ezinameva kwi-paws, ezenza uhlobo "lwebhaksi" lokubamba ixhoba. Isizathu sokutshatyalaliswa kukungcoliswa kwamachibi apho bahlala khona, iicatticides. Bahlala kwi-Zhigulevsky Reserve.

• Inambuzane yezilwanyana ayiyona into enhle kakhulu kwaye ihloniphekile, kodwa iphinda ibe ngummeli omkhulu kwiqela leYurophu. Isizathu sokunciphisa ubemi babo kukutshabalalisa indawo yokuhlala. Izilwanyana ezinamahlaya zihlala zize zivelise kwiitraki zemithi endala. Icandelo leemithi alivumelekanga ukuba imithi "ikhule".

Ezinye zeentlobo zezinambuzane ezifunyenwe kule ndawo azizona nje izilwanyana zeBlack Book ye-Samara Region. Ziyabonakala kwiintlobo zeenambuzane ezinqabileyo zaseRashiya naseYurophu, umzekelo, uApollo vulgaris, u-Usach alpine nabanye.

Iintlobo zezityalo eziqhelekileyo

Kwimimandla yeSamara kukho iintlobo zezityalo zezityalo ezingaphezu kwe-2000. Indawo engama-20 kuphela yintsimi yehlathi, ezinye iindawo zokukhukula ezikhukhula, i-steppes kunye nehlathi.

Kwihlathi, ipayini, i- oki, i-birch, i-linden, i-maple kunye ne-elm ziqhelekile . Eyona nto inomdla kakhulu yimizila yezikhukhula, kuba zilapha ukuba iimpawu eziqabileyo ukuba iNcwadi Ebomvu yeSithili saseSamara ikhusela phambili. Izilwanyana kunye nezityalo, apho indawo yokuhlala yintsimi, izingozi kakhulu kunezinye iindawo. Emva kokuphuma kwamanzi kwiindawo zokutya, ukukhula okunamandla kwezityalo ezingaqhelekanga kuqala, ezitshabalaliswa ngabantu ngenzuzo.

Phakathi kwazo ziintlobo ezingama-60 ze-primroses: iTulip Shrenka, i- Mayan lily, i-Adonis spring, iTulip ephantsi, isitya saseYurophu kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Uninzi lwezi zityalo zinemveliso yokwelapha, ngoko ukutshatyalaliswa kwabo kwinqanaba lihlawuliswa ngumthetho "Kukhuseleko lweNdalo kunye noLawulo lweNdalo."

Iintlobo zezilwanyana eziphazamisayo

Izilwanyana ze-Red Book ye-Samara zihlala zisengozini yokuphela. Kule minyaka eyi-100 edlulileyo, iintlobo zee-19 zezilwanyana ziye zaphela ngokupheleleyo kwintsimi yalo mmandla, phakathi kwabo ibhere elimdaka, i-otter, i-spotter nebala.

Phakathi kweentlobo ezingabonakaliyo - umlawuli waseRussia, ongummeli omkhulu wezilwanyana ezinambuzane ezingekho kwiRashiya kuphela, kodwa naseYurophu. Ngobude bomzimba ukuya kwi-22 cm, umsila wale silwanyana unokufikelela kwi-21 cm, kunye nobunzima-ukusuka kuma-380 ukuya kuma-500 amagremu. Iinyawo ezinobumba kunye namanzi-anxibe ubomvu enze le nkomo ibe ngudada. Nangona i-muskrat ibukeka kakuhle kakhulu, ingumzingeli onombulelo ngenxa yesiphumo kunye nokuthintela. Iindawo zokuhlala ziindawo zamanzi ezinxweme ezininzi kunye neentlobo ezininzi ezinambuzane ezihlala kuzo.

Lesi silwanyana sinokupheliswa ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yemeko ehluphekileyo yamanzi kulo mmandla.

Mink yaseYurophu

Xa isilwanyana sasihlwayelwe kakhulu emahlathini aseSamara, kwaye namhlanje i-mink yaseYurophu yinye inhlobo zezilwanyana ezinobungozi. Esi silwanyana esinobukhulu kunye noboya obuhle, ukutya iintlanzi, iigundane kunye namajikijolo, ziyalala ngenxa yokuba abantu basebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane baze bahlalutye ama-pesticides kumahlathi.

Umzekelo obuhlungu wekhulu lama-20 kufuneka ube ngumfundi kulabo abahlala kwingingqi yeSamara namhlanje. Ngaphandle koko, emva kweminye iminyaka eyi-100 ehlathini kwintsimi yalo akukho zilwanyana ziza kuba nezilwanyana okanye ziya kukhunjulwa ngeNcwadi ebomvu yeSithili saseSamara. Izilwanyana (iifoto zibonisa oku) azifanelanga ukuba nesimo sengqondo.

Iintaka zeentaka ezininzi

Iintlobo zeentaka ezisemngciphekweni kwintsimi yaseSamara zimelelwe ngamakhranes, falciformes, Charadriiformes kunye nommeli omnye ovela kwinqaku le-cirrus.

Izilwanyana ezisengozini zeRed Data Data eRussia (iNqila yaseSamara) zizaliswe ziintlobo ezinjalo zeentaka:

• I-Black Stork yintaka engabonakaliyo kungekuphela kwintsimi, kodwa nakwiindawo zayo zokuhlala - i-Eurasia kunye ne-Afrika. Ngoko ke, isimo sengqondo esifaneleko kufuneka sibe sisilumkiso. Izilwanyana kwiintlanga ezizithulu ze-Zhigulevsky Reserve.

• Ama-Saciformes amelwa ngotshaba, i-balaban, umhlaba wokungcwaba, ukhozi olumhlophe, umkhombe we-kestrel kunye ne-osprey.
• Kwiintaka ezinqabileyo ezinjenge-crane ziyi-crane-crane kunye ne-bustard, ehlala kwi-steppes yengca.
• Ukusuka kwi-Charadriiformes kwisithili saseSamara phantsi kokukhuselwa kwe-lapwing kunye ne-kulik-magpie.

Zonke iindidi ezidibeneyo zeentaka zinqabile kakhulu, inani labo liyancitshiswa, ngoko ukuloba kwabo okanye ukudubula kungavunyelwe ngumthetho.

Zininzi iintlobo zeentonga

Ezi zityalo ezinqabileyo kwiindawo zaseSamara zimelelwa yiVier Vespers. Iidleke ezi zihlwele kwiindawo ezinamahlathi amaninzi aseSamara uLuka. Ubude bomzimba ukuya kuma-105 mm kunye namaphiko aphakama ukuya kwi-46 cm kwenza ukuba kube ngummeli omkhulu kunabo bonke abaseRussia kodwa naseYurophu.

Ngenxa yokuba isibalo sezinambuzane ezondla i-Vechernitsa sinciphisa, ukubonakala kwayo kuyancipha.

Ukuphazamisa iintlobo zeentlanzi

Imeko kule ndawo ayinelisekanga kunye neendawo zokuhlala, ngoko ke izilwanyana zeBlack Data Book yeSithili se-Samara zongezelelwe uluhlu lweentlobo zeentlanzi ezisengozini.

Ezi ziquka:

• I-stalker eqhelekileyo yindawo encane ebandayo ehlala emzimbeni wamanzi kunye namanzi acocekileyo. Le ntlanzi ehleliyo inqwenela ukufihla amatye kwaye isondle ngefry yezinye iintlanzi okanye i-invertebrates. Isizathu sokutshatyalaliswa kukungcola kunye namanqatha amanzi.
• Umfula waseBath - umlambo womlambo uthanda imifula ekhoyo ngoku. Isizathu sokunciphisa inani labantu sinxulumene nokudakalisa kwemilambo kwindawo yeSamara.

Ukuba le nto ayitshintshi, i-Red Book yeSithili se-Samara (izilwanyana, iintaka, intlanzi, iinambuzane) ziya kuqhubeka zandisa inani lamaphepha.