Karyotype - uhlalutyo, nto leyo eza kutyhila iimfihlelo kwimfuza

Namhlanje, ngokufuthi kwiincwadi zamabali okanye umcuphi iifilim abacuphi baye bafumanise ukuba ngumtyholwa yokwenene ulwaphulo-mthetho kwenza isifundo kwi karyotype - Uhlalutyo eziqwalasela DNA yabantu uze utshatise, ukuba kuyimfuneko, yeesampulu yolawulo. Alithandabuzeki elokuba, izifundo yemfuza ziye ngokubanzi yaziswa yezonyango kunye nokudalwa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo, iindlela zophando kunye ukuvela izizukulwana yeengcali kukwazi ukusebenza esi sixhobo.

Studies kwi karyotype - indlela ebalulekileyo diagnosis

isifundo karyotype in yezonyango yavlyayuetsya omnye amanqanaba genetic counselling. Umgaqo isifundo isekelwe kwinto yokuba xa iiseli zonke eziphilayo ukwakhiwa zofuzo, abathwali ulwazi yemfuza, kuhlala ingatshintshanga ubomi. Yonke into ephilayo, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo evela kubazali babo isiqingatha iseti zofuzo, oludityaniswe ngexesha neqanda - ukususela ngaloo mzuzu iqala uphuhliso omzimba entsha. Inani zofuzo kunye neempawu zazo ahlale ifana ebomini. Eneneni, ngoko umntu ngamnye kanye kuphela ebomini kufuneka aqhube uphando karyotype.

Uhlalutyo ingaqhutywa kunye iiseli yalo naliphi na iqumrhu zabantu - nokwakhiwa zofuzo kuhlala ingatshintshanga kungakhathaliseki ukuba inyama kunye nendlela izinto isampulu. Olu phando zifunwa amayeza, apho kukho indlela diagnostic mihla esetyenziswayo ukubona kunokwenzeka izifo zofuzo ezifana kumguli kunye nezalamane zakhe. isicelo Found ekuhlalutyeni nenzululwazi yophando apho karyotype leeseli ezisetyenziswa kwiimviwo ezahlukeneyo kunye namayeza lwasenkundleni.

Indlela yokuqhuba uphando

Kufuneka wazi ukuba, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuze phantsi nasiphi na isifundo iiseli kwabantu emzimbeni, kwaye kwezinye iimeko nkqu iiseli kwabafileyo (iinwele, izikhonkwane, sangaphandle). Nangona kunjalo, isantya yokufumana isiphumo ixhomekeke yahlulwe njani ngokukhawuleza iiseli inyama ethile emzimbeni womntu. Oku kuphela eziba iiseli ngokwahlula rhoqo ukuze kwenziwe uvavanyo ngokukhawuleza kwi karyotype. Uhlalutyo phantsi kweemeko elilungileyo kuzakuthatha ixesha elithile - kwimeko ilungileyo, umphumo elipheleleyo phando ingafunyanwa kwi ezandleni iintsuku 25-30. Ekusebenzeni esayensi zingasetyenziswa iimvavanyo okukhawulezayo - zifuna ixesha, kodwa ngenxa yabo kufuna ukuqinisekiswa olongezelelweyo njengesiqhelo.

Uphononongo olwenziwe culturing kwemathiriyeli isampulu wathatha elebhu. On akhethekileyo kumajelo eendaba ngesondo kuphela kwiseli inkcubeko vitro yenziwa. Kwiimeko ezininzi, igazi ithathwa ukuba uphando - le capillary (ezinqabileyo kakhulu), okanye lwemithambo, ubuncinane - sisusa kunye isifo ngomlomo. Uhlalutyo igazi karyotype kwi yezonyango mihla amaninzi asetyenziswe unyango neengcebiso and genetic. Le ndlela ukufumana izinto kuyanceda ukufumana iiseli ngokwaneleyo (ikakhulu igazi), nto leyo eya zikhuliswa elebhu, esisigxina, efafazwe kwaye ihlolwa kunye nedayi ezikhethekileyo.

Xa analysis karyotype kubalulekile

Kudla kuvela ukuba inzalo ka-Adam enetyala utshintsho chromosomal xa izihlunu omnye wabazali bakuthathe, ngoko ubudlolo okanye ukuphuphuma ukusoloko uphando karyotype. Uhlalutyo lidla emiselweyo indibanisela uphando instrumental kunye lwaselebhu, kodwa kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela xa kolwalathiso gqirha kwabaphilileyo, elandela uhlolo kunye iimvavanyo zesiqhelo.

Olu hlahlelo iyafuneka kwaye ekufumanekeni kwezifo ilifa, ingakumbi ezosulela i autosomal phawu sofuzo (sifo kwenzeka kuphela xa i "intlanganiso" ngezakhi ezimbini zophendlo lwezifo). Namhlanje, olu phando ukuze kuqeshwa ukuba usana olusanda kuzalwa kunye umntu ebomini bakhe kamva, futhi ingane - ngexesha isifo wesibeleko esigqibeleleyo. Kulo mzekelo, ngokuba uhlalutyo impahla na fluid, ngumkhaya okanye amasuntswana chorionic.