Le isiphumlisi zezulu - ukuzimisela

Ubunzima lwalusanda ivakalise njengoko sum of kwiinginginya athom equlethwe molecule kweziyobisi. Kudla libekwe amu (iiyunithi mass atom), maxa wambi ebizwa ngokuba Da kwaye luchazwa D. For 1 amu namhlanje lamkele 1/12 ubunzima C ¹² carbon athom, ngeeyunithi of mass ngokulinganayo ^1,66057.10 -27 kg.

Ngenxa yoko, ubunzima atom of hydrogen ilingana 1, libonisa ukuba atom hydrogen ¹ H 12 C ¹² amaxesha lula atom carbon. Ukuphindaphinda ezinto iikhemikhali ubunzima compound ngomhla ^1,66057.10 -27 ukufumana ixabiso ubunzima eziphilayo ngeekhilogram.

Ukuziqhelisa, nangona kunjalo, ukunandipha wukulu belly lula ngakumbi = M / D, apho M - ubunzima eziphilayo iiyunithi ubunzima efanayo D. isiphumlisi ioksijini, ezivakaliswe iiyunithi ikhabhoni 16 x 2 = 32 (diatomic mpilo) . Ngokufanayo, xa izibalo imichiza kwaye zibalwa isiphumlisi kusitsha. Le isiphumlisi hydrogen, nto leyo nayo zinemoletyhule diatomic ulingana, ngokulandelelana, 2 x 1 = 2.

ubunzima Ezinto - Lubalasele umyinge wobunzima kwemolekyuli, iyavuma ukuba ekwakhiweni isotopic eziqalelo ngayiphi indlela imichiza. Le rate kumiselwa ukuba umxube kwezinto ezininzi ogama yokuqamba iyaziwa. Ngokukodwa, ezinto ubunzima umoya zingasetyenziswa ilingana no 29.

Ekuqaleni chemistry thina wasebenzisa ingqikelelo nolovane. Namhlanje le ngcamango indawo Mol - mali wenkqu eliquka iqela amasuntswana (molekyuli athom, nabo) ngokulinganayo Avogadro rhoqo (6.022 × 10 ^23). De namhlanje, kukho kwakhona ngokwemveli wasebenzisa igama elithi "izinyo (molecule) ubunzima." Kodwa ke, kuya kwa nshita, ubunzima, leyo ixhomekeke uququzelelo eendawo, ubunzima - yinto parameter rhoqo, ngoko zonke nye ichanekile kakhulu ukuba ukusebenzisa le kota.

isiphumlisi komoya njengoko nezinye iigesi esenokufunyanwa ngokusebenzisa umthetho Avogadro kaThixo. Lo mthetho uthi phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo imithamo twatse yeegesi thaca inani elifanayo iimolekyuli. Ngenxa yoko, phantsi lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo negesi ethile Mol iya kubonakala lomqulu. Njengoko oku kwenziwa ngokungqongqo ngenxa umthetho neegesi efanelekileyo igesi Mol equlathe 6.022 x ^{23 Oktobha} iimolekyuli kuthatha 0 ° C ne-1 ingcinezelo umoya kunye nomthamo seelitha 22.414.

isiphumlisi umoya okanye nayiphi na enye into sukube ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Ikhethwa yi ubunzima umthamo ezaziwayo igesi noxinzelelo ethile kunye neqondo lobushushu. Emva koko alungiswe ngenxa non-ideality ye irhasi yokwenene kwaye usebenzisa i Clapeyron equation PV = RT banikwa umthamo iimeko ingcinezelo 1 emoyeni kunye 0 ° C. ngoko, esazi umthamo kunye nobunzima phantsi kwezi meko ukuba igesi ofanelekileyo, kulula ukubala ubunzima iilitha 22,414 kunye neentlobo igesi test oko kukuthi, ubunzima bayo eziphilayo. Ngaloo ndlela yaye wazimisela isiphumlisi umoya.

Le ndlela inika amaxabiso ubunzima echanileyo eziphilayo, nto leyo maxa wambi usetyenziswa ukubonisa izihlwele atomic of iikhompawundi chemical. Ukuze ufumane ingqikelelo rough ubunzima beemolekyuli ze gesi isikakhulu ingqalelo efanelekileyo, kwaye naluphi na utshintsho ngakumbi leyo engeyakwenziwa.

Le ndlela ingentla isoloko isetyenziswa yokuqingqa ubunzima beemolekyuli olwelo aziphethe.