Le wokhuselo yobuqhawe Odessa (1941)

Kungekudala uluntu luya sibhiyozela isikhumbuzo sokuphela seventieth of the Second World War. Eyona okuphawulekayo umhla abantu lalisakuba yiSoviet Union, ogama notatomkhulu ngaphambili kunye nangasemva wenza konke ukuze ikhawuleze imini Ukoyisa Omkhulu. Musa isusa inkumbulo yabantu inyaniso intlekele izise uluntu Fascism, malunga ubuqhawe amaqhawe wasindisa ihlabathi ukusuka 'isibetho brown ". Umzekelo, ayisayi kulityalwa ukukhusela Odessa (1941). Uye wangena iincwadi zembali lomkhosi njengenye imifuziselo iyimpumelelo imisebenzi enjalo.

Ukhuseleko Odessa kunyaka wokuqala IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic: ekuqaleni

Njengoko yaziwa, yiSoviet Union ngequbuliso yahlaselwa kumazwe Juni 22, 1941 unit ongumNazi konyaka, yaye emva kweentsuku ezintathu kuphela, kunye nabanye, umyinge wokuphelelwa Southern Front kwasekwa. Nxamnye kummandla ethatha iikhilomitha amakhulu asixhenxe ukusuka kwisixeko Odessa ukuya Lipkany balwa amajoni isiRomania. Ngaphandle impumelelo Southern Front amanyathelo waba Indawo eziyimfuneko iinxalenye zayo eMpuma kwiinyanga zokuqala ezimbini yemfazwe. Isibakala sokuba abamelwane bethu ukuya emntla-ntshona lalikhona ndlela ilungileyo, kwaye indenzele ithuba elihle engena bume. Fifth Agasti zokulwa waqala ukuthatha indawo sele kwi ngaphandle Odessa, yaye emva kweveki imikhosi yamajoni ukhusela isixeko, anqamka ngokupheleleyo angabikho imikhosi eziyintloko Southern Front, njengoko amajoni isiRomania-German baba nako ukujikeleza isixeko ngasempuma, yaye ulithathe ngalo encirclement.

Iinxalenye ababandakanyekayo kule lwa omabini alwayo

Ngelo xesha xa sixeko singqongwe ngokupheleleyo ophandonzulu isiRomania Army kunye Wehrmacht, kwakukho yinxalenye Independent Coastal Army, owawukhokelwa uLieutenant General George P. Safronov, abendlu ka-Black Sea iFleet Odessa Naval Base, kwakunye wamajoni, ezibandakanya ngokwabo abemi. Xa iyonke amandla elikhuselayo ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti 1941 yaba ku 34.5 amawaka abantu, kodwa ekupheleni kukaSeptemba - kwamasoldati, yokuba angaba 86 lamawaka, wabasebenzi. Ngokumalunga inani isiRomania Army, babeyalwa ngako yi Nikolae Chuperka, kumafa yayo ekungqingweni nasekuxinweni Odessa wathabatha inxaxheba 340 000 amajoni kunye namagosa.

Odessa lahlaselwa

Agasti bid yesithoba kwagqitywa ukuba alungiselele indawo yokhuselo (SPA) phantsi umyalelo yangasemva Admiral Gavriila Vasilevicha Zhukova, olu sapho lwaluquka ezi nkalo zilandelayo:

• Fontanka.
• cap lakhe.
• Kovalenko.
• Otradovki.
• Pervomaisk.
• Belyaevka.
• Iinqanawa.
• Carolino Bugaz.

Ngokukhawuleza emva koko, umsebenzi waqalisa phezu ukwakhiwa iinqaba, kwakunye ukuyilwa ngabavukeli phakathi abemi Odessa, eyakhutshwa izixhobo zomkhosi. Ukongeza, ekupheleni kuka Agasti ukunceda abavikeli Odessa Black Sea Fleet umyalelo labiwe 2.4 amawaka abantu, kwaye ngomhla we-15 Septemba kwisixeko Novorossiysk watshintshelwa kwiCandelo elihamba 157th. Kuyinto ngenxa loo nkxaso yokukhokhela wokhuselo sendawo Odessa womelele kwaye khange yaphulwe.

abavikeli komzi, ezingenziwa kuphela umgca nxamnye notshaba, kodwa olwenziwe uthotho lwemisebenzi ngempumelelo ekhubekisayo. Ngokukodwa, kwicandelo kwimpuma lokuziphendulela yoo-Septemba waphoswa kwaye zisangena lomoya kunye nohlaselo elwandle, wakhululwa iilali Grigorievsky Chabanka, Endala kunye New Dofinovki. Beqhumisa yapheliswa izibuko Odessa kunye amanzi alo, kunye nemeko yonke kumgca wangaphambili liyafumaneka ngcono kakhulu.

iqhele

Sisigcina-Odessa wadutyulwa-Oktobha 16, 1941, yaye esi sixeko kunikezelwa amabutho isiRomania. Le isizathu sokucinga qhinga eethenda, leyo ingqalelo ukuba imeko ngelo xesha kwicala iCrimea, kungcono ukwenza ukutshintshwa imikhosi Urhintyelwe elwandle Sevastopol phakathi komzi.

Ngokubanzi, kwimbali lemfazwe kukho embalwa imizekelo sokugqitywa oluyimpumelelo imisebenzi ukurhoxiswa amajoni ukusuka kumgca we ukuqhagamshelana utshaba kunye ilahleko nobuncinane nokugcina izakhono zazo yokulwa. Enye yezi zishiye iindawo, kwenziwe ukhuseleko Odessa, ezithi ke ngoko kubhaliweyo umatshini yiSoviet, "waphuma ngaphandle komzi, akayi nebala imbeko yakho."

Occupation kunye namaxhoba

Sisigcina-Odessa kunye Sevastopol kubiza nomkhosi, leyo ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II wakhonza njengabameli zonke izizwe awayengabemi eSoviet Union, kuquka Ukraine, amawaka abantu. Kwakukho amaxhoba amaninzi phakathi umphakathi. Ngokukodwa, ngoko nangoko emva kokuba wokhuselo Odessa yenziwa (1941), ekubulaweni kwenqwaba bathwalwa phandle phaya. Ingakumbi sina ukulahlekelwa zegcuntswana yamaYuda ngokunxulumene apho imikhosi umsebenzi isiRomania ziqhuba nkqubo ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo. Ngaphezu koko, phakathi komzi zasiwa amabanjwa emfazwe, leyo, kunye nabasebenzi Soviet kunye nabo, awayengenako ukuwamisa ubumsulwa bakhe ukuba "ugqatso obuphantsi", eyayibanjelwe yokuqala kokuvalelwa yangaphambili ivenkile wompu, waza wadubula okanye watshiswa ephila, ukuba wathulula isakhiwo ipetroli.

ukukhululwa

Ukugxothwa abahlaseli ukusuka Odessa waqala Aprili 9, 1944 njengenxalenye usebenze kanzima kwenziwa yesiThathu Ukrainian Front, owawukhokelwa Army General Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky. Ngosuku olulandelayo, kusasa, isixeko ngokupheleleyo phantsi kolawulo oluBomvu Army, eqhubekileyo lohlaselo nempumelelo kwicala Dniester.

Le mbasa "Kuba woKhuselo Odessa": ngubani yabelwa

Le mbasa yasekwa kweyoMnga 1942. Zazenzelwe imbeko amajoni kunye nabo abahlali eziye inxalenye ngqo kwi ukhuseleko Odessa ngexesha ukususela-5 Agasti ukuya-16 Oktobha 1941. Idla isemzimbeni nencum ekhohlo, ilungelo imbasa "ukuziphendulela eMoscow", ukuba zikhona.

Kubonakala ngathi imbasa

Eli bhaso yenziwa insimbi okanye ubhedu usisazinge enobubanzi ka-3.2 cm. I obverse ubonisa Red Army and Red Navy umzobo iingalo ezandleni zabo ngokuchasene nentsukaphi elwandle apho kumi nenqaba lighthouse. Ngqo ngaphezu othi "USSR", yaye esiphakame ngasemdeni wesangqa ebhalwe ngoonobumba yaphakamisa ibinzana elithi "Kuba woKhuselo Odessa", waqukumbela phakathi iinkwenkwezi ezimbini ezincinci. Inxalenye esezantsi obverse leyo zinokuhonjiswa isidanga ube ngowakhe, munye ezineeribhoni. Njengoko ngenxa umva, ukuba wenza ileyibhile zemveli zilungele mabhaso Soviet ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic - "Kuba kwizwekazi looMawokhulu bethu eSoviet", ngaphezu kwayo ayiphumi ihamile kunye irhengqa. Imbasa "Kuba ukuziphendulela Odessa" nge lo msesane kunye thebhu iqhotyoshelwe kule elongate umcu kwi ngendlela yewotshi yamasiba, wazigquma isilika lombala-ezimbini enemigca iribhoni (ezintathu blue Imivumbo ezimbini eluhlaza ububanzi ngokulinganayo). Ngokutsho ku-1985, eli bhaso zikhonjiswe ezingamashumi amathathu amawaka amajoni amajoni Red Army of the Navy kunye NKVD amajoni zamajoni.

yesikhumbuzo

Le wokhuselo yobuqhawe Odessa, wehla embalini njengenye ezikhanya imizekelo izwe yabantu Soviet. In memory abo bancama ubomi babo akhusela isixeko elwandle blue, ngowe-1975 kuloo ndawo apho ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II wambeka isikhundla ibhetri 411th onxweme, lesikhumbuzo. Esi sakhiwo umboniso izixhobo zomkhosi, sisincoko oqingqiweyo ngokohlobo isafobe yomfazi abasentlungwini umzimba oswelekileyo, kwakunye tshe "Katyusha". Ukongeza, ibandla owakhelwe kwintsimi sisikhumbuzo Georgiya Pobedonostsa.

Enye isakhiwo elikhulu eyenzelwe ukuba ibe sisikhumbuzo nanini na ubuqhawe amaqhawe loo yokhuselo yobuqhawe Odessa Wawuthatha kunyaka wokuqala IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic - i "ibhanti Lodumo", nto leyo a ezikhumbuzo 11. Zazakhiwe kwiindawo apho kukho umlo kakhulu ngumsindo. Qho ngonyaka-Epreli, eyayibanjelwe e Odessa kunye intaba marathon weebhayisekile uhlanga ecaleni 'ibhanti Lodumo ", lixesha lokuba isikhumbuzo inkululeko kubahlaseli zamaNazi.

Ngoku uyazi indlela yathatha ukukhusela Odessa, kweziphi iindawo baye inxaxheba kulo, yaye yintoni iziphumo zalo.