Linear kunye neemodeli non-linear zonxibelelwano

Phambi kokuba ukhethe umzekelo ezingundoqo zokunxibelelana, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba, enyanisweni, unxibelelwano. Kukho iinkcazo eziliqela yale nkqubo, ngalinye ngendlela enye okanye omnye luni na. Kwiikota ezininzi jikelele, unxibelelwano kuthiwa ukutshintshisana ngolwazi phakathi kwabantu (hayi kuphela) esebenzisa imiqondiso eqhelekileyo noluqondakalayo kunye neesimboli. G.Gerbner kuhle, njengoko inkqubo lwentlalo yentsebenziswano ngemiyalezo, inkqubo yonxibelelwano A.P.Panfilova kuthiwa exchange okhethekileyo lolwazi, ngexesha apho amalungu ayo ngomatshini isiqulatho ngokweemvakalelo ngokwasengqondweni. definition eyahlukeneyo I.A.Richards ecetywayo ubiza ngumkhuba unxibelelwano apho ezingqondweni izinto ngazinye engqondweni enye, kangangokuba kuphakamisa amava esifanayo lakhe.

Unxibelelwano njengoko intsebenziswano kufuneka isekelwe schema okanye umfuziselo ethile. Ebalaselisa imifuziselo zonxibelelwano, kuyimfuneko, kuqala kwiinto zonke, kukhankanywa singezantsi singangumzekelo textbook «5W» ngumphandi American G.Lassuella. It iqulathe amacandelo amahlanu:

1) lo mthombo wolwazi (uthi);

2) umxholo iinkcukacha (ethi);

3) indlela ulwazi lonaniso (ulwimi, iikhowudi, imijelo);

4) Ulwazi User kumamkeli (ngaye ethunyelwayo);

5) Isiphumo sokugqibela unxibelelwano (isiphumo lokugqibela yonke ingcaciso ayifumene).

Imifuziselo unxibelelwano Loo maKristu abizwa ngokuba yomgama lubonakala omnye-pointedness, ifuthe ngqo kwi kumamkeli, ebonakala apha kuphela njengomthombo iinkcukacha nangayiphi na indlela abasabela ngayo. Ivame ukuba izibonelo ezinjalo baye bagxekwa ngenxa yokuba sikhokelwa kwicala elinye kuphela, kwaye alisayi kuwathathela ngqalelo icandelo ebaluleke kakhulu - le njongo inkqubo efunekayo ekuhlalutyeni ukusebenza kwayo. imodeli zonxibelelwano Linear nayo wacebisa Dzh.Gerbner, U.Shramm, R.O.Yakobson, K.Shennon kunye nezinye abaphandi.

Imele kunye neendlela zonxibelelwano iqela lesibini. Oku kuquka imodeli non-linear zonxibelelwano: interactive, intsimi, interactive, njl sesayensi Outstanding Russian kunye philologist Bakhtin wacebisa ingcamango imodeli dialogic yonxibelelwano, olusekelwe ezimbini ibalulekile ekuqondeni inkqubo yale postulate.

Okokuqala, Bakhtin wabonisa ukuba ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye ebonakalayo ilizwi na ukuqondisa wayo, unyango kunyanzelekile ukuba nabani na, oko kukuthi, ngaphandle apho angabi ubukho kumphulaphuli, apho isithethi.

Okwesibini, kukho ingxelo sanikwa ingqondo kuphela kwimeko ethile ngexesha elithile kunye nendawo. Ngamanye amazwi, igama ikhowudi njengomqondiso ngokwalo akuthethi nto kwaye yenza ingqondo kuphela kwitekisi, umntu efunda, kunye ukufunda nganye entsha yenza intsingiselo entsha yeli gama. entsha nganye ufunde okanye umamele ukudala itekisi yakho.

imifuziselo Non-linear interactive unxibelelwano ebuza "ukudluliselwa data" gama ngokwayo. ngumphandi Chilean U.Maturana ikholelwa ukuba eli gama libhekisela kuphela wavuka kwikhosi yonxibelelwano joint ingaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ingqiqo efanayo wento wesithathu, kungenjalo, asikuko oko engqondweni, ngamnye abathathi-nxaxheba kule nkqubo.

zeetheraphisti zeGestalt xa usebenza isigulane kunye nokuqonda ibali yakhe ingqiqo endle. It is a imvelaphi ethile uyayigubungela umbuzo yomguli ejongene therapist, ngokunxulumene lwabo omnye komnye njengamalungu Uthethathethwano zonxibelelwano, kwakunye enxulumene kwintetho wathandaza ngokwembono amava obomi ngayo nganye. Le wesiqalo indawo jikelele, cala. Kuyanceda ukuba iimpazamo wentsebenziswano kunye kufikelelwe isiphumo ayinqwenelayo umsebenzi enyangayo, phezu kwazo nxaxheba ezahlukeneyo amava zesimo zokunxibelelana nabanye abantu.

Umzekelo zokunxibelelana nabantu abaninzi nazo bohlulwa kumgama owazisayo kunye interactive. Iiyantlukwano kuvandlakanywa engundoqo parameters yenkqubo yonxibelelwano. Ngoko ke, ukuba imithombo kunxibelelwano nabanye siyazalana, abamelwane kunye nabahlobo eendaba - a amaziko yoluntu lonke. zokunxibelelana nabanye abantu ubuso ngobuso, kunye nobunzima - ngokusebenzisa amajelo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa, apho kwi imigama kude. Ekugqibeleni, xa kunxibelelwano nabanye inokubonakalisa unxibelelwano ngqo ngqo phakathi nxaxheba, kwaye ubone impendulo ubomi kulo, kunye nolwalamano onjalo ngqo, ngokungathanga ngqo okanye kulibaziseke kwi zokunxibelelana nabantu abaninzi.