Matua Island. Severo-Kurilsk kummandla Sakhalin yesithili isixeko

Matua Island - ke ukuba senkangala namhlanje isiqwenga somhlaba, elithanda wambu kunye quba, anike le ndawo lubizwa Kusekho mfihlakalo enkulu.

iimpawu ngokubanzi

Yeyona siqithi engaziwayo ye-chain Kuril. imilinganiso yalo zincinane kakhulu: ubude - 11 km, ububanzi - 6.5 km. Ephakeme kunazo yi Sarycheva (mlilo Fuyou) - ukuphakama kwayo kweemitha 1485. Kude kude kwiindawo ezinabantu Sakhalin kunye ena, ubukho mlilo esebenzayo izibakala twisiseka nembali enxulumene nale ndawo, na isizathu sokuba le siqithi ngoku nabemi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba emva emuva Japan ngo-Agasti 1945 amashumi eminyaka kwi siqithi kukho i ihlolwe esebenzayo. Kodwa ngo-2000 ukuba atshiswe ngomlilo. Ukususela ngoko, kwisiqithi Matua yaba eyintlango ngokupheleleyo. Kuphela bayeza apha uhambo, ogama amalungu ulwa impendulo imfihlelo kule ndawo mhlaba encinane.

Island History

Sisihlandlo sokuqala siqithi afumaneka umphandi iingxelo Ivan Kozyrevsky. Wayengomnye bokuqala banika inkcazelo eneenkcukacha malunga Kuril Islands, akuba watyelela abathile kubo waza wabanika amagama. Wabiza Matua Island Motogo. Kwakhona, le ndawo abakhankanywe iijenali zophando Cossack, uLieutenant Ivan Black, ingeniso kule minyaka 1766-1769 ukuya Iturup. Ubiza Matua Island Mutova. It Ivan Black okokuqala ukhankanya mlilo Fuyou, embiza knoll. Ngokusekelwe kwiinkcukacha evela amabali Kuriles, uthi ibali indlela mlilo ovuthayo yabangela rockfalls ezoyikekayo, batshabalala, ababakho apho bonke abahlala kumgama owela ngaphakathi kwama-kwiikhilomitha ezininzi.

De kwinkulungwane XX, kwisiqithi Matua laliyindawo yesisombululo abasisigxina Ainu. Siyazi kwakhona ukuba ngo-1923 kwakukho yokuhlala Matsu-mura, apho amakhulu ambalwa Japanese waphila. Ke siqithi yaba yinxalenye yommandla engaphakathi eJapan, mhlawumbi, kule minyaka 20-30th apho waqala ukwakha izibonelelo zomkhosi kunye nonxibelelwano. Isibakala sokuba ebudeni Second World War, kwisiqithi Matua yaba ekujoliswe qhinga ebalulekileyo Japan. Waba inqaba namandla, nto leyo nelawulwa yonke inxalenye kumntla-ntshona we-Pacific Ocean.

Secrets of Matua Island

Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle inkcaso ukungqina ukuba kwakukho isikhululo seenqwelo-moya, ekuthelwa kuzo amafutha ezithuthi kunye moya wakhe, kukho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba kwisiqithi Matua yaba isiseko ofihlakeleyo Japanese, nenokuthi ukuphuhlisa iikhemikhali kunye nezixhobo eziphilayo.

Inyaniso kukuba ukongeza seenqwelo-moya kunye nothungelwano lonke iinqaba (komhlaba, pillboxes, caponiers, imisele, zamanzi), efumaneka esidlangalaleni, kukho phezu siqithi izakhiwo ezininzi komhlaba, injongo nto leyo eyaziwa nangoku. Yintoni na - iilebhu imichiza wazenza mntu izitora, izindlu ukuqhushumba, enqabeni nasemva yomyalelo? Lo mbuzo Kunqabile lula ukuphendula eziqhitsini. Inkoliso izinto kumasango ezifihlakeleyo enzulu komhlaba, siniphathele ngenxa udubulo kwaye kuqhume. Ke ehlabathini iphumela isixa esikhulu imibhobho zentsimbi nodongwe. Ngokutsho-akhawunti ka-nxaxheba matutu, kukho nenqaba namanzi wumbi, kunye komhlaba eziphathekayo ngeengcango zentsimbi kunye nemivalo. Isibakala sokuba esi siqithi nako kuthwalelwa phandle iimvavanyo elebhu kwaye wafumana ubungqina ngemikrozo abenzi boluvo zesinyithi, soxinzelelo lwegazi, icentrifuge, neeflaski uphuphu kunye neetyhubhu uvavanyo. Kodwa ukuba kunjalo, apho wenza delos esisiseko ngubo izixhobo? Kwaye lo mbuzo ubalulekileyo - apho benze lab.

Ukufumana iimpendulo zale mibuzo iminyaka emininzi benza intloko isigxina ena-Kuril uhambo evgeniy Mihaylovich Vereschaga. Yena, njengamanye abaphandi abaninzi oyikholelwayo ukuba siqithi Japanese ka Matua iye mothballed phambi kokuba yaseJapan kwiNgxowa amajoni eSoviet. Le nguqulelo kuthiwa kunye amanqaku ngembali. Agasti 18 kwi Kuriles afike amajoni Soviet, kwaye isasazeka olu lwazi kuyo yonke ziqithi. Lenqaba Matua Island ngokusesikweni kwiNgxowa Agasti 25. Oko kukuthi, i-Japanese baye ixesha ukususa onke amaxabiso, kodwa into yokuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ukususa, ufihle nzulu ngaphantsi komhlaba.

Kungenzeka, nje phambi kokuba emuva amajoni ngaphezu kwe-10 amawaka kwafuneka ukuba bashiye eso siqithi. 3811 Nabo Japanese azinikela - abo amajoni abo benza ukuba basindiswa siqithi bonke wazifihla.

Akunakwenzeka ukuba sinikele ingqalelo kwindlela nokucacisa i yaseJapan waya nokwakhiwa indiza. Moya ngalo, ukuze ngokomgangatho ngokufulelwa eziphathekayo, ukuba le mini imeko yakhe ayikho libi, umzekelo, kwi Sheremetyevo. Total yafakwa kunye moya ezintathu, ezimbini kuzo zicwangciswe ngaxeshanye omnye komnye, kwaye eyesithathu - kwi-engile degrees 45 ngokunxulumene kwabanye. Ayikho ngengozi. Ezimbini ezinxuseneyo asetyenziswa engundoqo, kwaye eyesithathu zisetyenziswa xa nje yimimoya enamandla ukusuka elwandle. Sekunjalo abathe saa, ebahlanganisela isikhululo seenqwelo-moya amakhulu emilambo amafutha, apho kubonakala bemakisha Wehrmacht. Ezinye zazo ngokupheleleyo.

ngemva kwempi

Kakade emva kokuba umkhosi waseJapan abasuswe Matua, bahlala khona Russian, kwisiqithi iziganeko wasemzini zenzeka: abantu wanyamalala, ukukhanya ebusuku Wazikhanyisa kwamaxandeka lo mlilo ... Yaye ekupheleni 60s, oonogada umda ezintathu wafumana enye kumasango ukuya emqolombeni, yaye, iqhutywa ukwazi, saya ezantsi phaya. Uninzi zange aphinde abonwe. Emva kwesi siganeko kwalandelwa ban urhulumente kwi bangene mangcwaba Japanese.

I bebanga indawo ne Japan

Russia naseJapan, kwaye kule mini akakwazi ukwahlula Kuril Islands. Umda ne Japan akatshintshanga ukususela Second World War, emva koko zonke Kuril Islands yafakwa eSoviet Union. Nangona kunjalo, kwicala Japanese kwaye ngoku ibango ubunini osemazantsi iziqithi Iturup, Kunashir, Shikotan kunye iqela leziqithi ka Habomai, apho ngokwembono zabo, baxoxa iRussia ifomu engenayo isiseko somthetho phantsi. Icala Russian ungayamkeli imbambano ndawo, njengokuba isibakala yomthetho nangenxa ziganeko zembali Alithandabuzeki.

Nangona isibakala sokuba ekubeni Agasti 1945 Matua Island (Kuril Islands) loluka eRashiya, nangoku usaqhubeka ukugcina iimfihlelo ezininzi Japanese.