Isilwanyana esilumkileyo: inkcazo, iimpawu, ukuvelisa kunye neentlobo

Wonke umntu uyazi kwiprogram yesikolo malunga nezilwanyana. Ngaba uyazi ukuba isilwanyana esisinyeneyo sihlobo lwezilwanyana ezihlala kuphela kwintsimi yelizwekazi eli-Australia? Makhe sijonge kule ntlobo ethile yezilwanyana ngokubanzi.

Ukuvulwa kwe-oviparous

Kwangexesha elide, kwakungekho ubukho bezilwanyana ezizodwa ezazinziwayo eziphindaphindiweyo, eziqanda amaqanda. Inxibelelwano yokuqala malunga nalezi zidalwa zafika eYurophu ngekhulu le-XVII. Ngelo xesha ukusuka eAustralia kwazisa isikhumba sesidalwa esimangalisayo ngesibindi, esigubungele ngeboya. Kwakuyi-platypus. I-specimen yobunxila yenziwa kuphela emva kweminyaka eyi-100. Inyaniso kukuba i-platypuses ayifuni ukunyamezela ubukhoboka. Kunzima kubo ukudala iimeko zokuthutha. Ngoko ke, bajongwa kuphela kwindawo yendalo.

Emva kokufunyanwa kwe-platypus, kwakukho iindaba zezinye izidalwa ezinomlenze, kodwa ngoku zihlanganiswe ngeenaliti. Iintsuba. Kwangexesha elide, izazinzulu zatsho malunga nokuba yeyiphi iklasi yokuhlukanisa ezi zidalwa ezimbini. Kwaye bafika kwisigqibo sokuba i-platypus kunye ne-echidna, izilwanyana ezinamafutha, kufuneka zithathwe kwi-detachment ehlukeneyo. Ngoko kwakukho i-detachment One-pass, okanye Cloak.

Awesome Platypus

Isidalwa esiyingqayizivele sohlobo lwayo, ekhokelela kwimpilo yokuhlwa. I-Platypus iyaxhaphaka kuphela e-Australia naseTasmania. Isilwanyana siphila isigxina emanzini, oko kukuthi, sakha imingxuma kunye ne-outlet emanzini nasemhlabeni, iphinda iphele emanzini. Isidalwa sesayizi esincinci - ukuya kuma-40 cm. Kuye, njengoko sele kuthethe, iphunga ledada, kodwa ithambile kwaye igutywe ngesikhumba. Kubukeka kakhulu njengodada. Kukho umsila we-15 cm, ofanayo nomsila we-beaver. I-Paws i-webbeds, kodwa ayiyikuphazamisana ne-platypus ehamba emhlabathini ize ivule kakuhle.

Ekubeni i-genitourinary system kunye nomathumbu ephuma kwisilwanyana kwithuba elilodwa, okanye i-cloaca, yaqhutyelwa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo - iCloaca. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba i-platypus ibhukuda, ngokungafani nezilwanyana eziqhelekileyo, ngoncedo lwama-front paws, kwaye ngasemva zikhonza njengezixhobo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, makhe siqwalasele indlela esanda ngayo.

Ukuzaliswa kwe-platypus

Inyaniso enomdla: ngaphambi kokuzalisa izilwanyana zingena kwi-10-day-day hibernation, kwaye emva kokuba le nto iqala ixesha lokukhula. Kuphela phantse yonke ikwindla, ukususela ngo-Agasti ukuya kuNovemba. Iibini zeepypypuses emanzini, kwaye emva kweveki ezimbini iesetyhini ibeka amaqanda ama-2. Amadoda ayithatha inxaxheba kwimpilo ebalulekileyo yenzalo.

Ibhinqa lakha indawo ekhethekileyo (ukuya kuma-15 emitha ubude) kunye nesidleke ekupheleni kwetoni. Ukuwutyhila ngamagqabi aluhlaza kwaye uhlalutye ukugcina umswakama othile, ukuze amaqanda angawomile. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba ukukhusela naye wakha udonga olunqamleyo olu-15 cm ubukhulu.

Kuphela emva komsebenzi wokulungiselela ubeka amaqanda kwisidleke. Iphumelela i-plateypus yeqanda ngokubhinqa ngeenxa zonke. Emva kweentsuku ezili-10 iintsana zivela, zihamba kwaye ziyimfama, njengazo zonke izilwanyana. Ibhinqa londla iintsana ngobisi, ephuma kwiindawo eziphambili kwiifolo kwaye ziqokelele kuzo. Iintsana zikhohla ubisi size zidle. Ukutya kugcina malunga neenyanga ezine, kwaye ke abantwana bafunda ukuzimela ngokuzimela. Yindlela yokuvelisa eyenza le ntlobo igama elithi "i-egg-laying laying".

Echidna engavamile

I-Echidna nayo isilwanyana esisinyama. Isi sidalwa somhlaba sincinci ngobukhulu, sifinyelela kuma-40 cm. Ihlala e-Australia, eTasmania naseziqithini zaseNew Guinea. Ngokubonakala kwesi silwanyana sifana nesinqanawa, kodwa sinomlomo omncinci omde ongadluli kwi-7.5 centimeters. Okuthakazelisayo, echidna ayinayo amazinyo, kwaye uyabamba amaxhoba ngolwimi olude olude.

Umzimba we-echidna uhlanganiswe ngasemva nangamahlangothi ngamagqabi, ayenziwa eboya obuqhekezayo. Ubhokhwe bumboza isisu, intloko kunye neepaws zezilwanyana. I-Echidna ichanekile ngokufanelekileyo uhlobo oluthile lokutya. Unandipha ama-termite, izintuthwane kunye nezinambuzane ezincinci. Ukhokela ubomi bemihla ngemihla, nangona akulula ukubona. Inyaniso kukuba iqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, ukuya kuma-degrees angama-32, kwaye oku akukuvumeli ukuba kuthwale ukwehla okanye ukwanda kwindalo yokusingqongileyo. Kule meko, i-echidna iyaba lukhuni kwaye ihlala phantsi kwemithi okanye iwele kwi-hibernation.

Indlela yokuvelisa i-echidna

I-Echidna iyilwanyana esilisayo, kodwa kwakunokwenzeka ukubonisa oku kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XXI. Inomdla umdlalo womtshato echidne. Elinye ibhinqa linamadoda angama-10. Xa esenza isigqibo sokuba ulungele ukutshatisa, ulala phantsi. Amadoda ngexesha elifanayo adiliza umsele ojikeleze kuwo aze aqalise umzabalazo wokubaluleka. Iimveliso kunye nomfazi onamandla.

Ukukhulelwa kuthatha iintsuku ezingama-28 kwaye iphelile ngokubonakala kweqanda elilodwa, apho iqhinqa lihamba khona. Kuze kube ngoku, akucaci indlela inkazana idlulisa ngayo iqanda kwisikhwama, kodwa emva kweentsuku ezili-10 umntwana ubonakala. Ithole liza kwihlabathi elingenakuliswa ngokupheleleyo.

Umntwana

Ukuzalwa kwalowo mntwana kufana kakhulu nokubonakala kwamantombazana amancinci. Kwakhona uphuhliso lokugqibela lwenzeka kwingxowa yomama kwaye lushiye lukhulile, lukulungele ubomi bobucala. Inyaniso enomdla: izilwanyana ezinomdla we-marsupial ziqhelekileyo kuphela e-Australia.

Usana luvela njani echidny? Uyimfama kwaye uhamba, iimilenze zakhe ezinamaqabunga azange ziphuhliswe, amehlo akhe agutyungwe ngefilimu yesikhumba, kwaye kuphela kwimilenze yangaphambili yiminwe eyenziwe. Ukuze ufike kubisi, umntwana uthatha iiyure ezine. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba esikhwameni unina unama-pores 100-150, abeka ubisi ngeenwele ezikhethekileyo. Ingane ifuna kuphela ukuba ifike kubo.

Ingane isesikhwameni sikamama malunga neenyanga ezi-2. Ngokukhawuleza ukufumana ubunzima ngenxa yobisi olunomsoco. Ubisi lwe-echidna nguyena kuphela onombala obomvu ngenxa yemali enkulu yensimbi kuyo. Ukutya kuhlala kwiinyanga ezi-6.5. Emva kokuba eselula, ufunda ukufumana ukutya ngokwakhe.

Proehidna

I-Proehidna yinye isilwanyana esisinyama. Esi sidalwa sikhulu kunabalingani bayo. Indawo yokuhlala kumntla weNew Guinea kunye nesiqithi sase-Indonesia. Ubukhulu kwiproehidny emangalisayo, ukuya kuma-cmentimitha angu-80, ubunzima bayo ngexesha elifanayo lifikelela kuma-kilogram ayi-10. Kubukeka ngathi i-echidna, kodwa umlomo wayo ude kakhulu, kwaye iinaliti zifutshane kakhulu. Uhlala kwintaba kwaye uyidla iimbungu. Okuthakazelisayo isakhiwo somlomo ngomlomo weproehidny: ulwimi lwakhe lunamaqanda, kwaye ngoncedo lwalo, alukwazi nje ukuhlafuna ukutya kuphela, kodwa, njengoko kuphawuliwe, ukuguqula ngamatye.

Le ntlobo yinto encinci ihlola, njengoko ihlala ezintabeni. Kodwa ngeli xesha liye laphawula ukuba isilwanyana asilahlekelwa ukuhamba kuyo nayiphi na imozulu, ayifuni kwi-hibernation kwaye ikwazi ukulawula ukushisa komzimba wayo. Ukuzaliswa kwezilwanyana ezinomzimba oviparous, eziquka i-proehidna, kwenzeka ngendlela efanayo nakwezinye iintlobo ezimbini. Uthatha iqanda elilodwa, elifakwe kwisikhwama kwisisu, kwaye londla umntwana ngobisi.

Imilinganiselo yokuqhathaniswa

Yaye makhe sijonge iindidi zezilwanyana ezincelisayo ezihlala kwilizwekazi lase-Australia. Ngoko, yintoni umehluko phakathi kwama-oviparous, marsupial and placental mammals? Okokuqala, kufuneka kuthiwa zonke izilwanyana zondla inzala yazo ngobisi. Kodwa ukubonakala kweintsana ehlabathini kunemibono enkulu.

Izilwanyana eziphilileyo zinomnye oqhelekileyo. Babeka amaqanda abo njengeentaka, kwaye baxhoma ixesha labo. Emva kokuvela kwenzalo, umzimba womama uvelisa ubisi, afunyanwa yizingane. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba abancinci abasanelanga ubisi, kodwa bayigqumle kwiindawo zokuhlala zesisu kwisisu. Ukungabikho kweengono kuhlukanisa oviparous kwezinye izilwanyana.

Izilwanyana ezinama-Marsupial ziphethe isikhwama somntwana, ngoko ke igama labo. Isikhwama siphezu kwesisu sebhinqa. Usana olusandula kuzalwa, olufikelela kuye, lufumana ingono kwaye lubonakala luxhomeke kuyo. Inyaniso kukuba iintsana zizalwe zingaxilwanga kwaye zichitha kwisikhwama sikamama iinyanga ezimbalwa ukuya kuphuhliso olupheleleyo. Kufuneka kuthethwe ukuba izilwanyana ezinama-oviparous kunye ne-marsupial kule ndawo zifana. Iintsana kunye neziphambili zizalelwa kwakhona ezingaphuthunyanga kwaye zifakwe kwixesha eliqhelekileyo.

Kuthiwani malunga nezilwanyana ezinobungozi? Zinezingane ezizalwe ngokugcwele ngenxa yobungqina bepentecenta kwisibeleko. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo yokutya nokuphuhliswa kwethole iyenzeka. Uninzi lwezilwanyana lubekwe kwiindawo eziphambili.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentlobo kwilizwekazi elinye.