Ngomlomo out yokubuyisa: Appliances

Uphuhliso lwe- intestinal isifo kumzimba luhamba kunye neengxaki ezingenakulinganisela - ukunyanzeliswa rhoqo kwindlu yangasese, ukusika intlungu ebuhlungu kwisisu, ukuhlanza, umkhuhlane. Ngexesha lokugula umntu ulahlekelwa ngumthamo omkhulu wamanzi, okufuneka ukuba uzaliswe ngokukhawuleza. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokungena emzimbeni-ngomlomo (ORT) kunye ne-intravenous (IVT), nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, indlela yokuqala ikhethayo. Kule nqaku siza kuqwalasela iingongoma eziphambili ezihambelana nomxholo we-ORT. Sizakuzama ukuphendula imibuzo: "Yintoni i-ORT?", "Ziziphi iimeko ezifanelekileyo?", Ziziphi iimigaqo zokulungiswa komlomo? ", Njll.

Izifo zentsholongwane, iimpawu ezisuka kwindlela yokugaya

Izifo ezithintekayo zamathumbu emathunjini (OCI) ziquka lonke iqela lezifo ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa zizilwanyana ezincinci - ii-virus okanye ibhaktheriya. Le meko yeemeko zempilo ibonakaliswe yimpawu ezifanayo kwaye ichaphazela ikakhulu umzila wesisu, kubangele ukungasebenzi kwayo. Umthombo wentsholongwane kule meko ngabaphathi be-pathogen (abantu abagulayo okanye izilwanyana).

Izifo zesimpawu zihluke kakhulu. Ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi wesondlo sesisu kunxulumene nokuvela kwe-gastritis, initisitis okanye colitis:

• I-Gastritis ihamba kunye neentlanzi, ukuhlanza, ukutshaya, ukugubha, ukuvakalelwa kwintsimi yesigodi;
• Ukungena kubangela ukuqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqha, ukuxubha kweengxumbo, ukuvakalelwa kwintlungu kunye neendawo ezingabonakaliyo (ukusabalalisa iintlungu zesisu), isitulo esivulekile ngaphandle kwe-mucus okanye igazi;
• I-colitis ibonakaliswe ngongxamango lobuxoki malunga nokuxhatshazwa, intlungu ebuhlungu kwisithili sase-leal sasekhohlo, i-stool ekhululekile kunye neentonga ze-mucus okanye igazi;
• Kukho imeko xa ukubonakaliswa kwesi sifo kudibanisa iimpawu ze-gastritis, i-colitis ne-enteritis.

Ezinye iimpawu ze-OCI

Ukongezelela kokungaphumeleli emsebenzini womgudu wamathumbu, kwi-OCI kukho ezinye iziphazamiso kwimisebenzi yendalo:

• Ukuxhalabisa kwimvelaphi yomkhuhlane, ukuhlanza, iintloko;
• Ukwanda kweengxube kunye nesibindi;
• Iintlupheko ezinxulumene nokungabikho kwamaminerali kunye nokulandelela izinto (i-anemia, hypovitaminosis);
• Ukubonakala emzimbeni weengqungquthela zezifundo ezahlukeneyo;

• Ukutshatyalaliswa okunesifo esiyingozi;
• Kwiintsana kukho ukuguqulwa kwefonti enkulu.

Ukongezelela, esinye sezibonakaliso ezinobungozi kakhulu ze-OCI ukuchithwa kwamanzi emzimbeni-inkqubo eyenza ukungabikho kwemithombo yamanzi kunye nezicubu zomzimba. Ingabonakaliswa ngobomvu beembrane okanye isikhumba, isiguli sinenkxwaleko enkulu, unesifo sengxaki ye-hemodynamics. Kwiindlela ezinzima zokungcoliswa kwamanzi, ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-anhydrone kuvela. Ukongezelela, umkhuhlane unokwenzeka, ukungabikho kohlwayiso oluqhelekileyo, ukuphazamiseka kwezwi. Umntu ulahlekelwa isisindo somzimba, ngoko ke kukho i-turgor yezicubu ezithambileyo-imeko apho iindonga zeeselingi zingekho. I-syndrome ye-dehydration ibizwa ngokuba yi-exsicosis. Ukuzalisa i-fluid elahlekileyo emzimbeni amaninzi, ukulungiswa komlomo kuyenziwa.

Ingozi ye-excoxicosis kwiintsana

Izifo ezithintekayo zamathumbu emathunjini ziyakwazi ukukhula ngokukhawuleza. Ukongezelela, eli qela le-pathologies libhekiselele kwiinkathazo eziqhelekileyo kunye nenkqubo enzima yesifo.

Izibonakaliso zekliniki ze-salmonellosis, isifo sohudo, i-shigellosis, i-escherichiosis kubantwana, ngelishwa, liphela ngesiphumo esibulalayo ngenxa yokuphuhliswa kwe-dishydration syndrome-exsicosis. Ukuqonda ukulahleka komzimba ngokulahlekelwa ngumzimba ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuzikhethela kwenkqubo yetyuwa yamanzi yamathambo kunye nabantwana bokuqala kweminyaka yobomi. Xa kuthelekiswa nomntu omdala, umzimba womntwana uchazwa ngu:

• Ukungakhangeli okusebenzayo kwamalungu ommandla wengingqi ye-urino (izintso);
• Umthamo omkhulu we-extracellular fluid;
• Kubantwana, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwimiphunga kunye nesikhumba kwenzeka ngezinga eliphezulu, kwaye oku kubangelwa ukuba umlinganiselo womphezulu womzimba kwiyunithi yobuninzi bubaluleka obukhulu xa kuthelekiswa nomzimba womntu omdala.

Indlela eyona nto yokubuyisela abantwana emva kokusuleleka kwe-intestinal ye-intestinal yindawo yokutshatyalaliswa kwe-fluid elahlekileyo. Ukulungiswa komzimba ngomlomo kubantwana, kunye nakubantu abadala, kuboniswe kwinqanaba elincinci lokumodareyitha ye-exisicosis Yaye ichaza Ukusetyenziswa kwezisombululo zetyuwa. Enye indlela kule milinganiselo i-intravenous rehydration, kunye neendlela ezihamba phambili-unyango lwe-etiotropic, i-dietotherapy, i-enterosorption.

Yintoni i-ORT?

I-ORT yinkqubo yokuzaliswa komkhuhlane olahlekelwe ngumzimba ngenxa yokuhlanza kunye / okanye ukuchaswa rhoqo, kunye nomkhuhlane. Ukwenza isenzo esichazwe ngenhla, isisombululo sesetyu se-glucose sisetyenziselwa ukungena emzimbeni wesigulane ngendlela yendabuko. Indlela yokuvuselelwa komlomo isekelwe kwiipropati ze-glucose, ukukhuthaza ukudluliselwa kweeoni ze-sodium kunye ne-potassium, ezilahlekile kwiimeko zokugula, ngenxa ye-mucosa yamathumbu, ngenxa yokulinganiswa kwamanzi esetyu.

Ukuphumelela kokuvuselelwa komlomo ngokuthe ngqo kuxhomekeke ekuxhaseni kwexesha. Inkqubo kufuneka iqale kwiiyure zokuqala zokubonakalisa iimpawu zesifo, ekhaya, nangaphambi kokufika kweengcali zonyango.

Ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni ilahleko emzimbeni ibandakanya - amanzi okanye i-electrolytes, ukwahlula:

• Ukunciphisa ityuwa - ukulahleka okuphambili kwe-electrolytes;
• Ukuphulukana kwamanzi okudambisa amanzi - ukulahleka kwamanzi kubakho;
• Isotonic dehydration - ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi kunye ne-electrolytes kwenzeka ngokufanayo.

Ngokuhambelana nolu luhlu, amalungiselelo ahlukeneyo asetyenziselwa ukuphelisa amanzi.

Ukulungiselela

Xa ukhatyiswa umzimba (ngokoqobo), kubalulekile ukuzalisa ngokukhawuleza umthamo we-fluid elahlekileyo. Isisombululo sokuvuselelwa komlomo singalungiselelwa ngokuzimeleyo, sixutywe namanzi athenge kuqala kwi-pharmacy powder, okanye usebenzisa iziyobisi ezilungiselelwe. Ukuxhaswa kwamachiza afakwe kwii-pharmacy kuyahluke kakhulu.

Ukumisa inkqubo yokudakalisa umzimba, umzekelo, ngokuqhelekileyo usebenzisa izidakamizwa "Regidron". Elinye dose le powder liqukethe i-chloride ye-sodium, i-citrate ye-sodium, i-potassium chloride kunye ne-glucose. Isifaniso sale njengeli "Glucosolan", esine-sodium chloride, i-sodium bicarbonate, i- potassium chloride kunye ne-glucose. Ezi powders zihlanjululwa kwelinye ilitha yamanzi (abilisiwe). Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba kwifom ehlanjululweyo isilondolozi singagcinwanga ngaphezu kwelanga, ngoko kufuneka ilungiswe ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kokuthatha.

Xa uvuselelwa ngomlomo, i-biris okanye i-carrot-rice decoctions, kunye ne-Oralit, Hydrovit, Hydrovit Forte, kunye nezinye zingasetyenziswa.

I-sorbent-silicon i-colloidal dioxide ifakwe kwisakhiwo se-polyonic "Hydrovit". "Hydrovit" kunye ne "Gidrovit Forte" yabelwe abantwana abancinci. Inkcazo ecacileyo yesisombululo igqitywe ngephunga le-strawberry. Kukho izidakamizwa ngaphandle kwezibonelelo. Okubhalwe kwiphakheji "Hydrovita" okanye "Hydrovita Forte" ihlanjululwe ngeglasi (200 ml) yamanzi okanye itiye ebomvu. Isisombululo sinikezelwa isigulane kwiincinci ezincinci (ngokuqhelekileyo ngepuni).

Isistim

Umthamo wemihla ngemihla yesisombululo sepolyonic isalathisi esivamile. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba le-exsicosis (okokuthi, kwimeko yesigulane), ngexesha lokuqalisa iinkqubo zokubuyisela, ngohlobo lwesirhafi, umthamo weziyobisi unokuhluka kwiimeko ezithile. Umthamo ogqithiseleyo, umzekelo, unokusebenza kakuhle ekuqaleni kokunyango.

Ezi zilandelayo zixa zamachiza zinconywa kwindalo (nganye kilogram yesisindo somzimba):

• Iintsana - 100-150 ml yeziyobisi;
• Abantwana abaselula - 80-120 ml;
• Abafundi besikolo - 50-80 ml;
• Abantwana abadala, abadala - 20-60 ml.

Ngokuqhelekileyo kunyango lwabantwana abancinane, izisombululo zetyuwa ye-glucose zidibaniswa nezisombululo zetyuwa-umhluzi welayisi, amanzi, itiye, umhluzi we-rosehip kule ndlela elandelayo:

• 1: 1 - kunye nerhurha yamanzi;
• 1: 2 - kunye nomkhuhlane kunye nesifo sohudo;
• 2: 1 - ngokuhlanza okukhulu.

Izisombululo zetyuwa kunye neetyuwa zingenakucinganiswa, ngoko ke isingeniso sabo sichaphazelekayo. Xa ukulungiswa komlomo kuyenziwa kwiintsana, ukutya kwabo akupheli, kodwa banciphisa inani lokutya ukuya kuma-50-75%.

Ukulungiswa komlomo ngomlomo: i-algorithm

Inkqubo yokulungiswa komlomo ngokuqhelekileyo iqhutywe ngeendlela ezimbini. Okokuqala, ukusilela kwetyuwa lwamanzi kupheliswa-ukusetyenziswa ngokunyanzeliswa kwenziwa kwiiyure zokuqala ezintandathu. Kwinqanaba lesibini, kuqaliswa unyango oluxhasayo. Oku kwenziwa ngethuba elipheleleyo lonyango.

Ukufudumala kweemvula kuthathelwa ingqalelo kwisigulane sempilo yesigulane sosuku nosuku kunye nosawoti. Kubalulekile ukuba ungakhohlwa ukuba nangona unyango, ezinye ilahleko zikhoyo. Ngexesha lesibini kwenkqubo, umntu kufuneka azalise isicombululo sesilumko somthamo olahlekileyo kunye nesigxina ngeeyure ezithandathu zangaphambili.

Ukuphumelela kokuvuselelwa komlomo kubangelwe kwiimeko ezininzi kuphela kwindlela inkqubo eyenziwe ngayo. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba xa ukuxubusha nge-volume enkulu yesisombululo, ukuhlanza kungenzeka kwisigulane, ngoko-ke umbane kufuneka ujojowe ngokuthe ngcembe: 1-2 ithisipuni yonke imizuzu emi-5-10. Ukuba i-nasusea ikhona, kufuneka ulinde kancinci kwaye uqhubeke ne-fluid.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ekudlulelweni kwamanzi kuya kuhlala kudlula ixesha lokuyeka uhudo.

Ukusebenza kwenkqubo kuhlolwa ngezizathu ezininzi:

• Ukuzuza ubunzima;
• Ukuphuculwa kwemeko jikelele;
• Nciphisa umthamo we-fluid elahlekile nge-stool nokuhlanza.

Ukulungiswa komzimba ngomlomo kubantwana

Kukho imeko xa ukupheliswa kweempawu ze-exsicosis kubantwana abancinci kufuneka kuqaliswe ngokukhawuleza, ekhaya, ngaphambi kokufika kwamagqirha. Ngoko ke, umama kufuneka ngokucacileyo umele injongo kunye nekhosi yeenkqubo ezizayo. Oku kulandelayo kufuneka kwenziwe:

• Phatha izandla nge-antiseptic;
• Gqoka iiglavu;
• Beka umntwana kwindawo ejikelezayo, ngelixa ejika ikhanda kwelinye icala;
• Sebenzisa isisombululo esilungile okanye, usebenzisa i-powder kunye ne-liquid, lungiselela ukulungiselela ngokwakho (kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo ngokucacileyo, qhagamshelana neengcali xa kunokwenzeka);
• Kwiiyure ezintandathu emva kwemizuzu emihlanu ukuya kweyodwa ukuya ku-5 ukuya kuhlanjululwa umntwana isispuni yesisombululo (kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, i-liquid ingeniswa ngeprobe-ngeempumlo); Inkqubo yokubuyiswa komzimba yenziwa kuze kube yilapho iimpawu zokuhlanza kunye nehudo ziqhubeka;
• Ukuba ukuchama kungabikho kwiiyure ezingama-6 ukuya ku-8, qalisa unyango lokunyuswa kwamanzi - ukufakwa kwezicombululo kwigazi, i-dosage kufuneka ibalwe ngokuthe ngqo;
• Phatha i-spoon kunye nesitya apho isisombululo sifakwe khona;
• Susa iiglavu, uphathe ngesandla.

Ukuthelekiswa kokuvuselelwa komlomo kunye nokunyanzeliswa

Ukugqitywa kweempawu ze-exsicosis kunye nokuzaliswa komzimba olahlekileyo ngumzimba akunakwenzeka kuphela ngomlomo, kodwa nangokungena emzimbeni. Ezi ndlela zimbini ziqhathaniswa, uphando luqhutywa ngokusebenza kwawo. Ukwangoku, iziphumo zilandelayo: zombini iindlela zikunceda ukufezekisa iinjongo ezisetyenziswe malunga neli nqanaba elinye, kodwa ngasinye sinempawu zayo.

Kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukuvuselelwa ngomlomo kubonisa iziphumo eziphambili kwonyango lwabantwana. Iziyobisi ziqaliswa ngendlela yendabuko, ngaphandle kokulimala okungadingekile kumntwana. Amachiza ahlanganiswe kunye nemida yemveliso yemvelo. Le ndlela ithakanyiswa njengonyango oluphambili lokunyanzeliswa kwamanzi kunye nokunciphisa umzimba.

Ezi zigqibo zafika emva kovavanyo lweeminyaka emibini, apho abantwana abaneminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu abaneempawu zokungcoliswa kwamanzi. Izigulane ezisixhenxe ezithathu zahlulwa zaba ngamaqela amabini - i-ORT yabelwa kwelinye iqela labantwana, elinye lalingu-WIT.

Ngenxa yoko, izigulane ezazisetyenziselwa ukulungiswa komlomo zichithe ixesha elingaphantsi. Emva kokuvuselelwa komlomo, isidingo sokwandiswa kwezibhedlele sancitshiswa.

Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabahlengikazi bezingane, nangona ziphumo zezifundo, ziyaqhubeka nokusebenzisa unyango lwe-infusion (intravenous infusion) (i-VIT) ekupheliseni imiphumo yezinga elimodareyithwa lokubandezeleka kwabantwana.

Iinzuzo zeendlela ze-ORT

Inkqubo ye-ORT ibuyisela ukuxinwa kwe-potassium kunye ne-sodium ngokukhawuleza emzimbeni. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukujongwa kwesihlalo kungabonwa 1-2 iintsuku emva kokuthelekiswa neVIT.

Ukusetyenziswa kokuvuselelwa komlomo ngokuzenzekelayo kuncitshiswe inani leengxaki zokugonywa kwezibhedlele kwizibhedlele, kuncedisa, ngakwesinye icala, ukunciphisa iindleko zokunyamekela isigulane, kwaye ngakolunye uhlangothi unikezela ukhuseleko lokukhuselwa komzimba ngokukhusela i-viral hepatitis engangena emzimbeni ngegazi okanye kwiimbrane.

Ukongezelela, ukulula kweendlela, kunye nokufumaneka kwayo, kwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa i-ORT kwi-polyclinic okanye ekhaya. Ukusetyenziswa kwangaphambili kokuvuselelwa komlomo kuphelisa ngokupheleleyo isidingo sokubhedlela isigulane esibhedlele.

Ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwendlela ekungekho kubangele iimeko ezinzima, kodwa ngexesha lemiphumo ye-infusion ye-infusion ibonakala kwi-15% yezigulane.

Ukuba i-ORT ayilunganga kakuhle, izimpendulo ezimbi zilandelayo ziyakwenzeka:

• Ukuvuthwa - ngenxa yokuxutywa ngokukhawuleza kwesigulane ngesisombululo esikhulu;
• I-Edema - ivela ngenani elingalunganga lamanzi kunye nosawoti.

Amagatya e-exsicosis

Njengoko kuphawuliwe kwangaphambili, ubuchule bokuvuselelwa komlomo kuboniswa ukutyalwa kwamanzi okuncinci. Ukuqonda ukuba i-ORT ingaqhutyelwa ekhaya okanye ezinye iindlela zokubuyisela umzimba, kuyimfuneko ukwazi udidi lwe-exsicosis kunye nemiqondiso ehambelana nayo nganye yee-degrees of pathology. Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa xa kugula iintsana kunye nabantwana abaselula kwiminyaka yokuqala yokuphila.

Kukho amazinga amathathu e-exsicosis:

• Iyokuqala-ebonakaliswe yilahleko encinci yamanzi (ukuya kwi-5% yesisindo somzimba). Le meko ihambelana nokunyanzela okwexeshana, ukhenkceko lwesikhumba oluqhelekileyo, ubukho bokukhawuleka kwamanzi, ukuphefumula okuqhelekileyo. Abantwana banefenanel enkulu ayifuni.
• Kwizinga lesibini lokukhubazeka, ukungaphumeleli kwinkqubo ye-cardiovascular. Kule meko, umzimba ulahlekelwa ngumthamo ophezulu (ukuya kwi-10% yesisindo somzimba). Isigulane siyaphawulwa ngokukhusela okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, uxhalaba; Amehlo aphumayo; Ukungabikho kweziqhekeza; I-pulm elula kwaye idla ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Abantwana banesitenel esikhulu.
• Iqondo lesithathu le-exsicosis liphumela ekulahlekelweni kwamanzi ngaphezu kwe-10% yesisindo somzimba. Isigulane sisesimweni esinzima, unentsholongwane ye-hemodynamic, ukunyanyiswa kwe-hypovolemic. Le meko ibonakaliswe yimpawu ezifana nokulala, ukungabi nqwenela ukuthatha i-liquid, i-cold extremities, i-membranes eyomile kakhulu emlonyeni, ukungabikho kokuvuthwa kweeyure ezintandathu okanye ngaphezulu.

Ukuba ukulahlekelwa komkhuhlane kudlula i-20% yesisindo somzimba, kwiimeko ezininzi izifo ziphela ekufeni.