Ukuhlelwa iindlela yophando engqondweni kwinzululwazi mihla

Wonke inzululwazi usebenzisa iindlela ezithile uphando, ukuba yahlulwe iindlela jikelele ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo inzululwazi ezininzi, yaye eziphathekayo, ezisetyenziswa yi Sciences ngamnye. Ukuhlelwa iindlela zophando lwengqondo yenzelwe zokuceba yaye liququzelele iindlela ngeendlela ezisetyenzisiweyo ukwenza iindlela ngokwasengqondweni issledovaniy.Obschenauchnye zisetyenziswa phantse zonke zenzululwazi. la OV Klimenko nabanye ziquka:

1) Uhlalutyo - le omzimba efumaneka kwi iipropati ngamnye okanye ubudlelwane;

2) ezwi - yikhompawundi ngezinto ezahlukeneyo amaqela, iipropati into njengequmrhu elinye;

3) induction - uhlobo okufanayo ubhalo kwi indlela, umzekelo, ukusuka buso kwizigqibo zizonke ukusuka zibakala ngamnye ukuba iimeko;

4) Utsalo - lako ukusuka jikelele ukuya ethile, umgwebo jikelele kwizigqibo ezithile;

5) ngumzekelo - ukutshintshwa into yokwenene yesifundo kwisifundo-ababambeleyo (model), nto leyo iqulathe iimpawu, unxulumano, imibutho, into efundwayo;

6) indlela ezingenzeka - ukutyunjwa ngokusekelwe kutsalwe ngeenkolelo lwenzululwazi ukuze achaze izenzakalo ezithile;

7) indlela ngendlela - ezinxulumene iziqalelo zokwakha kwinkqubo interconnections ezakha into;

8) kuvuselela i - ingqiqo kunye nokuhlengahlengiswa izenzakalo;

9) theoretical component iindlela zobunzululwazi.

Iindlela eziphambili zophando engqondweni ziquka:

a) ezwi - utshintsho engqondweni ukusuka uhlalutyo ngamava izinto ngamnye kwinqanaba eliphezulu ukukhupha amanzi xa utsala iimpawu eziqhelekileyo, abakulo into kuqwalaselwa;

b) kumhla - iziphumo indlela reflection amagama abacinga ngqo ezivakaliswa fomyula okanye ifomu yo fanekisela, etc;.

c) Isakhiwo - indlela ulwazi lwenzululwazi, olusekelwe phezu ukuyilwa komfanekiso into yokwenene esebenzisa amakheswa yengqondo isici abaphandi abanomdla.

lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe ngamaqela-4 iindlela ezithile izifundo engqondweni nentlalo:

Sombutho metody.Empiricheskie (issedovatelskie) .Metody iindlela obrabotki.Obyasnitelnye manani (iindlela evakalayo) .Klassifikatsiya iindlela zophando ngokwasengqondweni, ezibandakanya izenzo zombutho, kuquka:

a) lokuthelekisa (indlela amacandelo khala) kukuba entlanganweni kophando, uthabathe amaqela ezahlukeneyo zezifundo ngokwemimiselo ezahlukeneyo (esekelwe kubudala, iimeko uqeqesho kunye nemfundo), uze ukuqhuba uphando kunye data zithelekiswa kumaqela ekhethiweyo yi kwingongoma enye;

b) a ubuchule longitudinal - isifundo longitudinal isifundo elide kuhlobo olufanayo izifundo;

c) indlela ezintsonkothileyo. Olwenziwe (uphando) iindlela ziphakathi iindlela zokufumana iinkcukacha zenzululwazi.

Iindlela enokwehla uphando loluntu kwengqondo kubandakanya ukuqokelela iinkcukacha ngokubukela, experiment, uvavanyo. Uqwalaselo ijoliswe nemibutho yolwamkelo engqondweni nokuhlalisana kwaye ifuna abaphandi:

1) iinjongo nokusungulwa;

2) umzobo up isicwangciso - ukulandelelana kokuma;

3) ukulungiselela le nkqubo bunokulolongeka;

4) imfuneko ukuphuhlisa inkqubo kweekhamera;

5) data ubonwa nitrogen;

6) I-processing izibalo, uhlahlelo kunye ingcaciso lweziphumo lokuqaphela. Uqwalaselo lunokubandakanywa ze, umntu, komphakathi nomphandle wocango, efihliweyo nevulelekileyo.

Umzekelo, ngokubeka esweni imali ingqalelo uyakwazi ukufunda ezinye iinkalo ukugcina, ubuntu. Le lokulinga yahlukile ukusuka indlela lokuqaphela ukuba experimenter ebezimisele kuthelekiswa umphandi-mkhanyo. Le experimenter kudala iimeko eziya kubangela isenzeko alithandayo. Le lokulinga yahlukile kuvavanyo undincinayo ukuzalana data kwi mba zayo, ngokuxhomekeke Ukwahluka kwemodeli yayo.

Le lokulinga lingaba elebhu kunye nokwakha zendalo kunye ascertains. Ukuhlelwa iindlela zophando engqondweni ukwasebenza ngokunxulumene iindlela ezongezelelweyo zophando, ezibandakanya: incoko, imisebenzi uhlalutyo imveliso, udliwano-ndlebe, nokulungiselela zeekhweshine, ingcali indlela yovavanyo, lo gabalala lweempawu ezizimeleyo, iindlela kokuphila, sociometry, referentometriyu.

Ukuhlelwa iindlela yophando ngokwasengqondweni kwi iindlela achazayo (iindlela evakalayo) yenza kube lula ukuba anikezele:

a) indlela yemfuza - wasikhangela isenzeko ngendlela imvelaphi yayo kunye nophuhliso ontogenesis;

b) indlela noshowo.

Loo inkqubo yokuhlela eqhelekileyo ukuvumela ukuba ukhethe ngempumelelo omnye okanye enye indlela uphando lwengqondo ku-mhla oko ngalo mzuzu.