Uncwadi Chivalric zamaXesha Aphakathi: A Uluhlu nophengululo

uncwadi Knight kaThixo - umgca enkulu emsebenzini, leyo yaphuhliswa kumaXesha Aphakathi. Yaba uTshawe yenza Wamakhosi feat penny. Imveliso idumileyo yale ndawo: esekwe France Gotfridatom eStrasbourg "Ingoma Roland" eJamani - "Tristan kunye UIsolde" (ivesi inoveli) kunye "Wengoma Nibelungs" eSpeyin - "uRodrigo" yaye "Wengoma CID 'abanye.

Esi sikolo iimbalasane mandatory umxholo othi "Uncwadi A Knight kaThixo" (Grade 6). Abafundi aba ibali imvelaphi yayo, iintlobo eziphambili, eziqhelekileyo kunye nemisebenzi ephambili. Noko ke, umxholo othi "uncwadi A Knight ngayo kumaXesha Aphakathi" (Grade 6) uchaza ukwazi, emane, aphoswe iingongoma ezibalulekileyo. Kweli nqaku, singathanda ukuba abhengeze ngokupheleleyo ngakumbi ukuba umfundi abe nofifi ngcono ngayo.

isihobe Knight kaThixo

uncwadi Knight siquka iinoveli nje kuphela, kodwa izibongo, leyo wacula iindumiso ukunyaniseka inenekazi elithile intliziyo. Kuba kuyo, Knights esichengeni ubomi ngokwayo phantsi iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo. Kukhuthaza uthando ingoma imbongi-singers ebizwa minnesingers eJamani, troubadours - kumazantsi eFransi, kunye trouveres - kumantla elo lizwe. Ababhali abaninzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle - Bertran De Born, Arnaud Daniyeli, Dzhaufre Rudel. Xa uncwadi IsiNgesi lwe ngenkulungwane ye-13 litye lesikhumbuzo ibalulekileyo - a ballad sungula ku Robin Hood.

uncwadi Chivalric e Italy imelwe izibongo ikakhulu lyric. Waseka indlela entsha balizukisa uthando lamanenekazi, Guido Guinizelli, Imbongi Bolognese. I inkulu abameli balo - Guido Cavalcanti kunye Brunetto Latini, i Florentines.

Umfanekiso knight kunye lady elihle

Igama elithi "knight" kuthetha isiJamani "umkhweli". Ukuhlala njengegorha, waba kwangaxeshanye babe nesimilo esihle, banqula nenekazi zentliziyo, ukuba cultured. Ke ukunqulwa yokugqibela kwaye kukho imibongo courtly. Abameli bacula ubabalo bakhe nobuhle, kwaye ladies ezikhulu wamphatha ngobubele kule hlobo art, leyo bebabaza kubo. Yaba uncwadi sublime chivalric. Umfanekiso thaca kweli nqaku, ukuqinisekisa oku.

uthando Courtly, Kakade ke, ukusa kumkhamo othile ngendlela engaqondakaliyo, kuba kubhaliwe subordinated ngokupheleleyo ubenza. Cula iindumiso nenekazi, njengoko umthetho, waye umfazi suzerain. Yaye kartel uthando kunye naye, wahlala ngamagosa ngentlonelo. iingoma ngoko ezingacacanga ukuba wayezithandi- ukuzigwagwisa nemazi, eyirhawula zombini feudal wedwa eyadini yobuhlakani.

imibongo courtly

uthando Courtly kwaba yimfihlo, ngoko musa nabuganga ukubiza igama lady lakhe. Kwakubonakala ngathi imvakalelo lithatha mabaziphathe.

Yenziwe ngexesha iitekisi zemibongo lukhulu, kwaye mbhali abaninzi kubo utshabaleleyo. Ke phakathi ezingenambala ezininzi kwaye ke ngoko kukho esimnandi, amanani eqaqambileyo. Le troubadours idumileyo ke Giraut de Borneyl, Bernart de Ventadorn, Marcabru, Dzhaufre Rudel, Peirol.

Types of imibongo courtly

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi yesihobe courtly e Provence, kodwa ixhaphake kakhulu zezi: Alba, Canson, pastorela, tensona ballad isijwili, sirventes.

Canson (in translation - "ingoma") zichazwe esibalisayo ibe uthando umxholo.

Alba (Oko kukuthi "kusasa inkwenkwezi") sanikezelwa ukwahlulwa, uthando emhlabeni. Yathi ukuba abathandi bayahlukana emva kweentlanganiso ngasese ekuqaleni indlela yakhe yazisa umkhonzi okanye emi unogada nganye.

Pastorela - ingoma leyo isixelela kwintlanganiso cowherd kunye Knight.

Imbongi elangazelela edanduluka esithi, isijwili isabelo sawo, okanye elilela ukufa komntu ukusondela kuye.

Tensona - uhlobo lwembambano uncwadi, nto leyo kuyo ezimbini okanye imbongi, okanye ibhinqa elihle kunye mbongi, imbongi Nothando.

Sirventes - ingoma apho imiba echaphazelekayo zentlalo, eyona ibaluleke ngakumbi kuzo: Ngubani na ofanele ukuba umthande ngakumbi - edume Baron okanye commoner nangoovumazonke?

Oku, ngokufutshane uncwadi knightly courtly.

Troubadours, apho siza senditshilo, zezona iimbongi yokuqala courtly of Europe. Emva kokuba baba isiJamani "iimvumi uthando" - minnesingers. Kodwa element yenyama kwisihobe wabo wadlala indima ezincinane ngakumbi Romance weyisa ithoni kunokuba moralistic.

Uhlobo romance

Ngenkulungwane ye-12 yabalasela ukuvela uncwadi courtly romance - uhlobo entsha. Yenza oko kubandakanya ngaphandle imbono ubugcisa zehlabathi kunye nenkuthazo, kunye nolwazi olunzulu. Knight neencwadi kwedolophu eduze. Ababhali abantu bayo, oosonzululwazi kakhulu ukuba uzama ukuze ukubalelana zawo bokuyila ukulingana zonke phambi koThixo, kunye indlela nezithethe xesha eyayikho ngokwenyani. Njengoko wokumelana yokugqibela wakhuthaza iminqweno imbeko. Le yokuziphatha, nto leyo ibonakalisa uncwadi courtly kwi kumaXesha Aphakathi, waba nephupha, kodwa kubonisa kwinoveli.

romance French

Le abenzi bemilingo umjikelo Breton amanqaku akhe. Eyona idumileyo ke iinoveli kolu ngcelele ziquka: "Iuni," "Erec and Enid," "Klizhes", "Tristan kunye UIsolde", "Iveyn", "Beautiful Engaqhelekanga", "Parsifal", "Romance le Grail", "Abangendawo umngcwabo "," Perlesvaus, "" Ukufa uArthur "kunye nabanye.

E France, knight weencwadi zakudala Wayemelwe kakuhle. Ngaphezu koko, ulikhaya lokuqala zokulwa. Aba uhlobo ngxubevange le ngokubalisa kade uOvid, Virgil, kaHomer, le ntsomi ifilimu Celtic amabali ngamazwe engaziwayo ye Crusaders kunye iingoma kurtuaznyh.

Chretien de Troyes wayengomnye wabaseki uhlobo. indalo yakhe edumileyo yethi "Iveyn, okanye Knight ingonyama." Ihlabathi edale de Troyes, lo nofifi lwendlela zokulwa, kuba abalinganiswa kulo nto, uzikhathaza ngokwenza uqulukubhode, ukuya adventure. Kule ncwadi, Chretien lubonise ukuba feat kukodwa into ngamampunge, ukuba nawuphi na adventure kufuneka swi, luzele Intsingiselo: kunokuba ukukhusela ezithile ukwagculele amanenekazi, ukufumana intombazana emlilweni, izalamane ukophula nomhlobo wakhe. Self-ukuphika nesisa Iveyn wagxininisa ubuhlobo bakhe ukumkani amarhamncwa - ingonyama.

In "Ibali Grail" ngulo mbhali kusetyenziswa iindlela nobunzima kakhulu ukuba kuvele ubuntu bomntu. Le feat of "ubunzima" hero baya angqongqo. Noko ke, oku akuthethi ukuba yokuvuma zamaKristu usindiso lwemiphefumlo zabo, ngokutsho iintshukumisa zangaphakathi kakhulu lokuzingca, kunye novakalelo enkulu injongo kunye nokuzeyisa. Percival, uTshawe amagqabi ayikho ngenxa angxamele zonqulo eyimfihlakalo nentombi yakhe, ibe ngenxa yoko lonke uluhlu iimvakalelo, ugalelwe apho bububi oomama kushiywa ube nomnqweno ukunceda abalobi ukumkani, umalume hero.

Romance e Germany

Kwenye romance aphakathi ezaziwayo-kakuhle "Tristan and UIsolde", ithowuni eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Isiseko lenziwe amavo Irish echaza uthando ungonwabanga iintliziyo eziseziintombi, ezimbonakalo intle. Akukho namnye adventure chivalrous kwinoveli, uza egusheni ungquzulwano phakathi kwezithethe namasiko kunye neenjongo abathandi. Inkanuko Queen UIsolde kunye Tristan amakhwenkwe ukuzityhala ngaphandle lokunyathela phezu yetyala zomtshato buzimeleyo. Uba incwadi namona kabuhlungu: abalinganiswa bangamaxhoba isiphelo, ikamva.

E eJamani, uthando sele inikezelwe ubukhulu becala lilungiselelo nemisebenzi French: Heinrich von Veldeke ( "Aeneid"), Gottfried von Strassburg, Hartmann von Aue ( "Iveyn" yaye "Erek"), Wolfram von Eschenbach ( "Partsial"). Bahlukile imiba yokugqibela yonqulo yokuziphatha nzulu.

Romance ku Spain

ESpeyin, uthando de ngenkulungwane ye-16 abazange ukuphuhlisa. Besaziwa ngenkulungwane ye-14, omnye kuphela ngokuba "Knight Siphar". Kwimeko, ngenkulungwane ye-15 elandelayo, kukho "Kurian and Guelph" yaye "Tyrant White" ebhaliweyo Zhoanotom Joanot Martorell. Ngenkulungwane ye-16 Montalvo wadala "Amadis de Gaula", wabonakala i inoveli engaziwa, "De Oliviya Palmerin" kunye nabanye, iyonke ngaphezu kwama-50.

Romance in Italy

uncwadi Chivalric zamaXesha Aphakathi eli lizwe luphawulwa ngamayelenqe becala elibolekiweyo. igalelo lokuqala Italy lo mbongo "Le bangene eSpeyin," ebhalwe ngumbhali abangaziwayo ngenkulungwane ye-14, kwakunye 'bamba Pamplona "kunye kwalandela okudalwe noNiccolò e Verona. epics Italian yaphuhliswa imisebenzi ngu Andrea da Barberino.