Uphi na taz Peninsula?

Geography iRussia ezahlukeneyo. Xa emantla Arctic Circle permafrost benamandla kwelisezantsi efudumeleyo, nkqu ebusika ubushushu azifane sisehla sibengaphantsi zero. kummandla ngamnye ufana yedwa kwaye mhle, ngamnye Ungafumana okuninzi umdla nangaziwayo, nakuyo yonke indawo abantu baphile.

kummandla taz, leqashiso District (Yamal Peninsula) zimiwe imimandla, ezo kuphela abantu bomthonyama. Ukukhokela iinkampani Russian wenza kwimveliso hydrocarbon kulo mmandla, ngokubonelela ingqesho kubemi bezo ndawo, kwakunye nokwenza kwimimandla polar amawaka abantu esebenzayo. Lo mmandla waqwalselwe, vula kunye nokuphuhlisa kwiinkalo ezintsha. Bekungekho ngaphandle taz Peninsula, edulusele ngaphakathi Arctic Circle.

Yamal

I Yamal Peninsula ise kwindawo Arctic kumantla inkulu plain West eSiberia ehlabathini. indawo yayo ngaphezu kwe 769 lamawaka. km Square. Uninzi lwabo ngaphezu Arctic Circle. Iguqulwe ukusuka ulwimi Nenets igama elithetha "Kuphela Land ngayo", nto leyo luyahambisana na indawo.

On nommandla wayo phezu kwamawaka 300 amachibi kunye 48 lamawaka imilambo yamanzi. Inxalenye le ndawo mgxobhozo, nangona defrosting kwenzeka kuphela ehlotyeni. Imozulu kakhulu kakhulu, kabukhali yezwekazi. Ukongeza abandayo iinkanyamba Arctic kunye khona umoya evela Pacific Ocean Atlantic, imozulu ichaphazela permafrost kunye kufutshane womkhenkce kuLwandle Kara, nto leyo esika nzulu kulo ilizwe. Winter e Yamal ihlala ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezisibhozo, ithemometha angehla thabatha degrees 59. I-avareji lobushushu yonyaka singaphantsi zero.

Kodwa ihlobo mfutshane yaye kubanda kakhulu, nangona iintsuku ezithile lobushushu ukuze kuvuka ku + 30 kulo lonke fogs isoloko nkqi, ingakumbi ekwindla ekuqaleni. Lidla yenzeka izaqhwithi owahluke ngokwemvelo, ekhatshwa izibane. iintsuku ezibandayo nobusuku - oku kwakhona uphawu kwezi ndawo.

yolwazi lwejiyografi

Taz Peninsula ukwakweli ongasentla West Siberian Plain. Kwimephu kunokwenzeka ukufumana Mezhuyev taz kunye OB lip. Ubude ngayo solulelwe phantse 200 km, iye umlinganiselo ububanzi kweekhilomitha ezili-100. Obusa phezu eArabha, ezinemithi phezu kolwandle kwa-100 km. Izihluma ekusingasiqithi uphawu le emathafeni. Kugcwele ubulembu kunye ulele kunye amatyholo. Le ndawo ngokoqobo dissected nemiwonyo, uninzi lwazo nzulu kakhulu. Kwakhona, kukho amachibi ezininzi nemigxobhozo. Usingasiqithi ibekwe kwindawo permafrost, apho umhlaba ngumkhenkce kwabaninzi ubunzulu mitha, nkqu ngexesha epholile ehlotyeni elifutshane nomkhe- akukho ngaphezu kwesiqingatha semitha. Zonke ezi zinto zichaphazela enezityalo nezilwanyana.

Le lali Tazovsky

Taz wendawo embindini kwisithili yeyona kwilali igama elifanayo. Kubhaliwe ibekwe 200 km kumntla weArctic Circle. Phambi kokuba kwiziko lesithili, idolophu Salekhard, ulwandle - 986 km, emoyeni - 552 km. To Tyumen elula wamanzi ngenxa 2755 km, yaye umoya 1341 km. Kwi-230 km ukusuka ukuhlaliswa kwisikhululo sikaloliwe Korotchaevo. Taz In abantu 7339.

Xa zizonke, lo mmandla uquka zokuhlala 11 kunye neeyunithi 5 zolawulo. On taz siqithi elisekwe air traffic, kukho umendo entsha. izibonelelo lwakhiwe. Ezi amatsha ezenza kube lula ukuba unikeze taz Peninsula, abemi kunye namashishini zonke kuyimfuneko. Le ndawo ke imyuziyam, isikolo umculo kunye nesikolo kwezobugcisa abantwana, amathala eencwadi kunye namanye amaziko enkcubeko. Konke oku kwenziwa kuzo zombini balapha kunye oilmen ababeze ukuphuhlisa imithombo yezimbiwa osisityebi, ukuba akanakusebenzisa bachithe ixesha labo lokuphola, ngelixa abantwana babo bafumana imfundo ebanzi.

ulwazi zembali

Le hambo ukuya taz Peninsula lokuqala baqalisa ukuba ukuxhotyiswa nguRhulumente yoBukhosi Russian ngenkulungwane ye-16. Phezu komlambo, ebizwa ngokuba Nenets Tas-Yam uYehova, afumana idolophu encinane kwimarike, kamva eyabizwa ngokuba Zlatokipyaschaya Mangazeya.

Uhambo lwase-abahlali kunye Cossacks kwezi ndawo malunga inyanga phezu kwemilambo, amalungiselelo sabangela, amafutha kunye nezinye izinto eziyimfuneko. inkundla Back zabuya lithwele iintlanzi exabisekileyo kunye oboya. Kwezi imiphetho ukuya ubuncwane basebukhosini yanyuselwa 80 lamawaka imisila Sable. Kodwa akuzange kube kudala, akazange afune intsebenziswano yasekuhlaleni, kunye neemeko ukunyuka intaba zazinzima kakhulu. Yaye kungekudala malunga Mangazeya ilityalwe de kwinkulungwane yama-18. yokuqala ekwahlala ka Halmer-Sede zabhaliswa ngo-1852, nto leyo ithetha "akuMazwe yaseNtabeni." Isibakala sokuba ibisekwe phezu kwentaba, apho kwakukho khona Nenets amangcwaba endala. Kwaye kwakhona idilizwe Imiqodi kunye uboya kunye nentlanzi kwimimandla engundoqo ye-lizwe.

Ngexesha leSoviet

Xa iiBolsheviks wangumlawuli, oko yasekwa Yamal-Nenets Ukuzilawula District, eziquka ummandla taz. Apha mveliso intlanzi yasekwa, oko kwavula izibuko njengomlambo moya, iikliniki, izikolo kunye nezinye izibonelelo. Umsebenzi iphambili ndawo baba intlanzi kunye nenyama imisebenzi. Eli lixesha xa taz kusingasiqithi (Russia) lakhula ngokukhawuleza.

Xa 60s zenkulungwane yokugqibela, xa ezinzulwini Yamal iidipozithi of hydrocarbon kwafunyanwa. An kwimveliso ye-oyile negesi esebenzayo, ukuhlola wejoloji kummandla lonke. Le meko iye kwaye siseyeyona nto iphambili ngokubaluleka. Ngoku ke kwiinkampani ze-oyile likhulu lizwe ukuhlola kunye nokuveliswa zegolide engamanzi kwezi nkalo, ukuzoba ezikude amazwe amawaka abantu abasebenzi.

Biota

Imozulu taz Peninsula pretty abangqwabalala, ngoko ke enezityalo nezilwanyana, kakhulu ezininzi. Kodwa ke kokufika kwehlobo elifutshane apha emfutshane imihlambi iintaka ezifudukayo azalela kule ezibonakala yokusetyenziswa encinane ubomi behlabathi. A lot of iintaka ezihlala kunye indlwana apha, zidweliswe zisemngciphekweni, kwaye ayikho enye.

Le uhlaza esilawulwa ubulembu kunye ulele, moss, imithi, nenomlanga kunye namatyholo. Fauna imelwe izilwanyana ezinoboya, nenokuthi maxa wambi ichaphazeleke abazingeli okuloba kunye abangenamvume. Ngaphandle kwizikolo ezikude losingasiqithi kunye nokuphelela iimeko zemozulu, kukho ezininzi abanqwenela ukuba kugxininiswe ezi oboya ezixabisekileyo kunye nentlanzi.

ngabantu bendawo

Taz Peninsula, laso amelwe bezizwe 36 ezahlukeneyo, inani elincinane zokuphila ezahlukeneyo. Abaninzi kubo - inzalelwane le Nenets, nabanye - awayevela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo abasebenzi yeoli eli lizwe kunye komhlaba.

Bomthonyama ezi abahedeni balinqule sithixo Numu kunye nomlawuli lemimoya Nga. Izizukulwana ngezizukulwana wadlulisela ngononophelo kumasiko ookhokho babo. Imozulu lizwe ezilungele adle, nabemi zomthonyama kaninzi benza lo msebenzi. Bebonke ukuzulazula kunye nemihlambi yabo phezu babeziindleko ezinkulu Yamal, ukuphila ngokwenza impahla izikhumba zezilwanyana ezintenteni. Kwaye Nenets sibonwa nabalobi.

imithi Rare ezikhula phezu kumathafa, kukho izinto enizihlonelayo, amasebe awo ahonjiswe ezineeribhoni, abo beza bathandaza bafuna iintsikelelo uMoya. Ukuhambelana nale izithethe akuthethi ukuba abantu bengazi. Abantwana ababhalise kwizikolo zokubhoda, yaye emva kokugqiba kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo yokukhetha indlela yabo.

Taz Peninsula, iifoto apho kuchaphazela ubuhle bendalo kumathafa elisingise ngenxa kwiikhilomitha ezininzi, yenziwe kakuhle yaze yapapashwa. Kwiindawo zokuhlala phantsi zokwakha esebenzayo kuphuhliso lwezindlu kunye nezibonelelo.