Uxilongo ungumntwana: iintlobo neendlela. Ukuhlolwa abantwana

Xa iimeko zobomi mihla uba sifo ngokwasengqondweni kwaye zokufundiswa kubaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso abantwana.

Concept kunye nendima

Ukuze ufumane indlela ngamnye umntwana ukwazi amandla kunye nobuthathaka bakhe, kakuhle ukuqeqesha nokufundisa ekhaya kunye namaziko emfundo, ngexesha ukunika uncedo engqondweni kuyimfuneko uxilongo umntwana. Oku kubandakanya lihlolisisa lweempawu ngokwasengqondweni, uvavanyo ubuntu, uqikelelo lophuhliso ngakumbi.

iintlobo zophando

iintlobo ezininzi noxilongo. Kuba lula ukuba adla zihlelwa ngokwemimiselo ezahlukeneyo.

Ulwahlulo kakhulu ezisebenzayo kukuba ikheswa iintlobo, ngokuxhomekeke isifundo isifundo:

• Uxilongo ubuntu - inkcazelo yesimo, ezifana nokuzixabisa.
• Uxilongo of Sphere ngokweemvakalelo. Siye sifunde ziingcathu, amava, isimo sengqondo nemigangatho yokuziphatha.
• Uxilongo ekubamba - une yophuhliso komntwana ngokuhlakanipha, ukufunda ingqondo, isifundo yokhetho osisi (inkcazo ngasesandleni, iliso elibalaseleyo, njl ...).
• ukuziphatha diagnosis.

Kodwa lo ukwahlukana kunokuba ngendlela engaqondakaliyo, ekubeni kukho kukho uxilongo olunzulu umntwana, xa kukho uphando olunzulu kunye novavanyo iimpawu zonke okanye eziliqela iindawo.

Ukuze ube nako yokuhlela umdla lweendidi msebenzi luvo (une ingqalelo, indlela yokucinga, inkumbulo, intetho, izakhono zokufunda). Kuliwa ngokobudala (une yabantwana abakwiminyaka zabasakhasayo, uxilongo yabantwana abakwiminyaka yokuba sesikolweni zaseprayimari).

indlela

Iindlela noxilongo abantwana zahlukahlukene kakhulu yaye ngamnye kubo kuxhomekeke kudidi lwe sifundo. Ngoku elahlekile iindlela zayo iqela ixabiso, ukunika indlela yokuvavanyelwa ngamnye. Kodwa ukuze isifo umntwana yaba yimpumelelo, kubalulekile ukukhetha isixhobo ekunene eziza kusetyenziswa kwixesha elizayo. Ukuziqhelisa, iisayikholojisti basoloko ukusebenzisa iseti zilandelayo izixhobo:

• Uqwalaselo - isifundo iimpawu ngqondweni umntwana phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo. Le kokwakhelwa yokuziphatha, umdlalo, intsebenziswano kunye nabanye.
• Incoko - kunika uluvo lokuba lo mntwana ngenxa yokwenza zoqhagamshelwano kunye nonxibelelwano ngqo.
• Indlela uphando ngentsebenzo abantwana - uhlalutyo imizobo, wobugcisa.
• indlela zovavanyo - ibandakanya isifundo intshukumo lwezifundo wadala ngokukodwa, iimeko eyenziwe.
• Uvavanyo abantwana - indlela ixhaphakileyo esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwengqondo namhlanje.

test ndlela

indlela vavanyo kubizwa ngokuba ebanzi, indlela entsonkothileyo sifo, njengoko ngexesha kokuvavanywa usebenzisa uluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo ukufunda ngokubuka indlela kovavanyo, uhlahlelo neziphumo zemisebenzi yalo kunye neemeko zovavanyo. Ngoko ke, ngokuba abantwana kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo - iimvavanyo, iikhweshine, iimvavanyo, imisebenzi emiselweyo, iimvavanyo, izenzo.

Iimvavanyo, emibuzo idla ngokusetyenziswa uxilongo khweshine zobuntu isebenza kakuhle ekumiseleni uhlobo yesimo. imisebenzi Uvavanyo zidla swi nasekufundweni kwisigaba ngokweemvakalelo ngokwasengqondweni, kwaye ingakumbi echaphazelekayo xa kuyimfuneko uxilongo ukulungela umntwana esikolweni. Uvavanyo-izenzo zisetyenziswa xa ukufunda yokuziphatha.

isifo ubuntu

Uxilongo umntwana ukuba imikhwa siseko: sawo, ukulungelelana, nokushukumisa iinkqubo luvo, njl kubalulekile, njengoko ethwele iimpendulo kwimibuzo emininzi kule ukuziphatha umntwana ... Amanqaku ntlobo ezine eziphambili yesimo kakhulu kubonakala ebuntwaneni, yaye xa kusetyenziswa ekufunyanisweni ngokuchanekileyo iinkqubo zabantwana lula ukulungisa zokufundisa.

Kakade ke, isigqibo sawo lo mntwana, ikhweshine ne wamema nabazali bakhe. Ngokuba abantwana abadadlana ukuba iimvavanyo ezizimeleyo kunye nemibuzo. Uhlalutyo kwisiphumo se iimpendulo uvavanyo kuthiwe umntwana choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic okanye melancholic.

Uvavanyo "iibhloko yokuGqithisela umbhalo okhawulezileyo"

Isifundo nefolokhwe ubungakanani amancinci ezifakwe inani ezahlukeneyo ngeebhloko ze unike umntwana umsebenzi ukuthwala iityhubhu malunga kumgama weemitha ezintathu-, ndikubuyisele emva efanayo. Emva koko wabeka umthwalo phezu kwetafile ukuze kungabikho dice bawa. Blade kufuneka kubanjwa ngesandla esinye.

Ngokutsho iziphumo zeemvavanyo ukulinganisela eqikelelweyo (ntoni ukuziphatha ubonisa umntwana kunye nokusilela, uchaza ukuba ukunganeliseki), ukukwazi ukusebenza (njani ixesha elininzi umntwana ephumelela ekuqhubeni umsebenzi), ukuhamba kweenkqubo luvo (a umntwana uyaqonda kwaye uyayamkela umsebenzi ngayo ngokukhawuleza, siye sazikisa ukucinga ukuba ukusebenza, aphazamiseka ).

Le program ukucaza uhlobo self-vavanyo: test "somthamo"

Funda ngendlela umntwana ikuhluza ngokwakhe yenza uvavanyo eqhelekileyo kakhulu, ngexesha apho umntwana unika umzobo ileli amanyathelo ezisixhenxe, apho umlinganiselo kwinqanaba ngaphezu kwabanye. Lo mntwana wachaza ukuba amanyathelo amathathu eliphezulu ezi kids ezilungileyo, nabantwana zamawonga phezulu, phezu inyathelo wesixhenxe. Abantwana abahluphekayo akhiwe kwi emazantsi emithathu kwanala - ezimbi. Kwi kwinqwanqwa oluphakathi abantwana abangakwaziyo sezandleni okubi okanye okulungileyo. Olu vavanyo kufuneka uqaphele indawo yayo kule kwileli, uze ucacise ukuba kutheni yena ngokwakhe apho. Xa umntwana ukhetha inyathelo, yena wabuza ukuba usixelele ukuba lishishini okanye ufuna ukuba njalo? Ukuba uvakalelwa oku gqo, ukonwabela inyathelo apho angathanda ukuma. Vumela ukhetha eyayiza kubeka unina wakhe.

Test ikuvumela ukuba ukwazi njani umntwana aphonononge iimpawu zakhe buqu kwakunye uluvo lwakhe malunga nendlela kubonakala kwabanye (umama).

Ngokutsho uvavanyo igqityiwe, ngengqondo yenza izigqibo zilandelayo:

• Self-assessment ayanelanga overpriced - umntwana ibekwe nangoko ngokwayo kwi phezulu sisiganeko incontrovertible, ngaphandle kwengcaciso, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo.
• Eqolo ukuzithemba - ucinga kwaye ukhetha phezulu, ukuthetha ngezinto ezithile iziphene, kodwa echaza oko kungaphaya izinto zayo.
• Self-assessment ifanelekile - ecinga ngokwakhe uthi kwi Inyathelo lesibini okanye elesithathu, echaza ukuzikhethela yakhe.
• Uvandlakanyo phantsi - ke ubeka yena kwenye rungs asezantsi ngaphandle ingxabano.

Uxilongo kwisigaba ngokweemvakalelo

Uxilongo lwe umntwana akunakwenzeka ngaphandle zoviwo ngokweemvakalelo volitional. Abakwisikolo sabantwana Kuyinto lisalawula kwisigaba kushicilelo. World yaziwa iimvakalelo, kunokuba engqondweni.

Kubaluleke kakhulu kwaye ulwazi kubazali (abagcini) abantwana kweminyaka 6 kokuxilongwa. Ekubeni ngeli ubudala, kukho iimvakalelo ezifana nexhala, uloyiko, ukuba neentloni, kukho isicwangciso ye-year-ukubaluleka ezintandathu, apho phando, uvavanyo ubuntu.

Uvavanyo "Cactus"

Buza umntwana wakho ukuba bazobe cactus kwi ephepheni. Musa ukunceda okanye ezibonisayo. Nayiphi na imibuzo, kungakuhle ukuba aphendule evasively: ". Cinga malunga nayo kancinci, unako ukuyenza" Musa ukuvumela umbono wakho kwaye musa ukuvakalisa izimvo zabo.

Umfanekiso isixelela awohluke nangokweemvakalelo bomntwana. Hlola iziphumo ngokweenkcukacha:

• Ubukhulu kunye nesikhundla wentyatyambo rhuthu emajukujukwini ibonisa ukuba uchaza ngokwalo njengoko umntwana ehlabathini. Flower yobukhulu enkulu kumbindi wephepha ibonisa iimpawu self-begodu nobunkokheli. cactus Small iboniswe ngezantsi, ibonisa engakhuselekanga, ubuntu obesondliwa mculi.
• umgca ezixhuzuxhuzulayo, kukho uxinzelelo olumandla ipensile esikhutshwe umntwana 'ukungxama.
• cactus inameva lubonisa ubuvila. Le iinaliti ngaphezulu ixesha elide ezivelileyo ukusuka intyatyambo, kokukhona ngesidanga ubuvila komntwana.
• Cactus etyalwe ngembiza intyatyambo, sibe 'ikhaya "abantwana, efuna ukukhusela usapho.
• Cactus ezikhula entlango, kubonisa ingqiqo elilolo.

isifo ingqondo

Test-reference ikakhulu ukufumana ukusetyenziswa kwi ngokwasengqondweni iinkalo zokufunda. Kule nkalo zezifundo saveyi ingqalelo, inkumbulo, ukucinga analytical, izakhono motor ocoliweyo, imisebenzi zoqeqesho lwezakhono.

Uvavanyo "Ukubandakanywa anomxholo othi"

Ibattery phambi komntwana ze-bedded ezintandathu matryoshka wabeka amawele ezintandathu, ezahlukeneyo ngobukhulu, ku ezahlukene ubukhulu. Emva koko ukususa omnye kubo, ukulungelelanisa umgama phakathi eseleyo. Mkhuthaze umntwana wakho ukuba abone indawo yakhe ngaphambili. Ukuba yimpumelelo, lo bazixakekisa uvavanyo umsebenzi: susa onodoli ezimbini series.

Olu vavanyo lujoliswe ukuvavanya umgangatho cognitive-kuqikelelwa lo umda, orientation ixabiso.

Uvavanyo "Ukwahlukanisa imifanekiso"

Na ezandleni amaqela amabini imifanekiso. Isibhozo ibonisa izitya, isibhozo - iimpahla. Bonisa umntwana wakho ukuba ikhadi kunye umfanekiso ngecephe babeka phezu kwetafile. Ngoku - ikhadi elinomfanekiso i ibhatyi, ubeke etafileni kude ukusuka icephe. Icephe kunye ibhatyi zilungiswe ngendlela efana ukuya nokubuya omnye komnye nakubo imifanekiso kwaba lula ukuqhubeka manqaku.

Emva koko, ngendlela eyahlukileyo ukubonisa umntwana wakho imifanekiso impahla izinto okanye impahla kunye nesicelo ukuba ikhadi ecaleni kwinamba oyifunayo. Musa ukutshintsha, ukuba iimpahla kange lifakwe kwelo qela. Uvavanyo lugqityiwe, cela isifundo ukucacisa ukuba kutheni ke ngoko amalungiselelo amakhadi.

Injongo yale vavanyo kukuchonga izakhono ukwenza gabalala iimpawu ezibalulekileyo liphandisisiwe ubuchule nokuthelekelela lomhlaba.

Uvavanyo "Fumana ixesha lonyaka"

Ukubeka umntwana imifanekiso emine ebonisa amaxesha onyaka wosondeza ibonisa apho emthonjeni, apho ebusika, njalo njalo. D., uze uchaze oko izizathu yena ukuyichaza.

Uvavanyo ibona Maturity izimvo malunga namaxesha onyaka.

Uvavanyo "Khangela Umahluko"

Phambi kovavanyo sebali wabeka imifanekiso ezimbini ezifanayo xa uqala, kodwa iimviwo kufutshane nenani lweeyantlukwano.

Umntwana ukhangela ubiza umahluko. Uvavanyo lihlola ingqalelo ubuchule ukuthelekisa.

Uvavanyo "Yayiyintoni kuqala, uze emva koko yintoni?"

isakhiwo sebali Psychologist ubonisa imifanekiso emine. Omnye umfana athe wemba umhadi ukuze yesibini - uyitha kwiimvaba imbewu umngxuma, nangowesithathu - sprout ukunkcenkceshela, ngenyanga yesine - ancome kweentyatyambo. Umntwana luyamenywa ukuba abeke imifanekiso ngokulandelelana. Uvavanyo ibhaqa ukukwazi ukufumanisa ukulandelelana kweziganeko.

ukulungela isikolo

Uphononongo lwe ingqondo uba kubaluleke ngakumbi xa ufuna intumekelelo lokubhaqa umntwana esikolweni.

Ukuzimisela ukufunda esikolweni kufuna phambi izakhono ezithile kunye inqanaba lophuhliso yokucinga, inkumbulo kunye nengqalelo.

Uvavanyo "Ngaphandle inani akufuneki okanye ngubani?"

Ukunikezela uthotho lwamanqaku ezine (izinto imifanekiso), umntwana uyabuzwa ukufumana ezingaphezulu uze uchaze ukuba kutheni. Xa evela kwiqela equka ilori, imoto abakhweli, lo moya kunye inqwelo, uvavanyo aliquki moya, ukucela iimpendulo waqiqa, cela ukuba igama kwenye ngokuba zonke izinto ziquka kwemfuneko noko wahlala kuyo nayiphi na indlela yothutho.

Uvavanyo ibhaqa ukukwazi izinto qela kwi imigca, inqanaba ukubunjwa izimvo malunga ihlabathi.

Uvavanyo "Fumanisa kanye efanayo"

Kulo mfanekiso ubonisa yamaHindu ezisixhenxe phantse twatse, kwaye bobabini ezifanayo. Umahluko phakathi eseleyo singabalulekanga - kuwuma ezahlukeneyo ngayo eli laphu isambuleli. Umntwana kufuneka ngokuzimeleyo kwaye ufumane ngokukhawuleza isambrela ezimbini twatse. Uvavanyo uhlola inqanaba ingqalelo.

Uvavanyo "Khumbula zonke izinto"

Umntwana ukuhlola imifanekiso 9 ekhoyo. Imele khumbula ngenxa imizuzwana 15-20. Emva koko, ukuvula, kufuneka abizwe ubuncinane abasixhenxe ukuya izinto ezisibhozo. Uvavanyo ibonisa inqanaba lophuhliso lwe memory.