Xa isiseko Nizhny Novgorod? History of Nizhny Novgorod

Ngokutsho manani, abemi ubungakanani omkhulu Nizhny Novgorod - ngaphezu kwezigidi 1.26 nabantu beentlanga ezahlukeneyo. Russian zenza i inxalenye enkulu yabemi balo - 95%.

Eyona ibalulekileyo kukuba uninzi lwale ezisezantsi ibekwe ezindulini. Le nomtsalane yendalo emangalisayo zesixeko samandulo.

Eli nqaku inokufumaneka nezinye iinkcukacha ezinxulumene nalo iindawo ezimangalisayo yimbali of Russia: umnyaka kwesiseko ka Nizhny Novgorod, indawo, imbali ukubunjwa njalo njalo.

Nizhny Novgorod: indawo, ulwazi jikelele

Famous Russian Oka River wohlula wonke umzi lezabelo-2, phantse malosvyazannye omnye komnye: encotsheni - ofisini kunye nezembali, ezantsi - zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo. Indawo, isixeko ukwakweli ekuthiwa-hlukanisa - kwi ekudibaneni imilambo emikhulu: i Oka kunye iVolga.

Nizhny Novgorod kubekwe phezu zombini lomlanjana Oka naphezu kodonga lasekunene iVolga. Wakha phezulu kakhulu ngokungakhethiyo - ithe ayaba imilo eqinisekileyo, nkqu iziko ukwakweli ngaphandle kwesixeko.

On ezindulini eziphakamileyo (iintaba Dyatlov) wolula indawo kodonga lasekunene umzi, ezinkqantosini, nezihlambo (yezandyondyo le Oka River) - kodonga lasekhohlo.

Yintoni etsala isixeko Nizhny Novgorod? Yena usimema provincialism yakhe emangalisayo, nangona ubukhulu kunye nokuba kufutshane ngemilinganiselo sixeko.

Zenzeka nize ebomini ukususela kunyaka-40 ubudala eSoviet-era Lower ukungafumaneki isanda kuphela. Oku kungenxa yokuba ngo-1959, engena esixekweni ngokuba abasemzini sele ivaliwe ngenxa yokuba iindwendwe ezininzi akanamdla kwiziza zembali kunye namashishini asekuhlaleni (wokhuselo). Mhlawumbi ngenxa nganeno zembali apha Lahlala phantse lomelele.

Ubuqaqawuli mzi mkhulu?

Umbhali omkhulu Russian Mxim Gorky (wazalwa, enze umsebenzi wakhe) kunye amadoda adumileyo Minin kunye Pozharsky, wakhulula isixeko eMoscow ukusuka zezibonda - uzuko nokuzingca komzi.

Xa intliziyo Nizhny Novgorod, kukho izindlu ezininzi, apho Gorky wahlala kwaye wasebenza. Xa igama ubomi zombhali ngo-1932 imbeko emzini wakhe Gorky ukuze ngokuba kude 1990.

Stone yesicelo, icawa ezininzi ngobukhulu, imoto-mveliso "GAS" - yeyona ibalulekileyo ezinomtsalane ezininzi kweso sixeko.

Namhlanje, obukhulu ezinkulu zembali bokwakha apha ecaleni esinezibonelelo mihla edulusele ngaphandle.

History of Nizhny Novgorod

Tatar-Mongol lihlaselwe watshabalalisa Nizhny Novgorod. Xa zizonke, lo mzi iye yenziwa 17 kuhlaselwa kwimbali ubukho bayo. Noko ke, ngokuphindaphindiweyo waphila yaye ziyaqiniswa kwindawo yayo (uqoqosho, ezopolitiko, enkolo nenkcubeko).

Ngenxa kwindawo yayo entle wejografi, ukuthuthwa emihle (ngumhlaba nemilambo), esi sixeko bya kakhulu kakuhle. River wavumela ukuba ukuthutha iimpahla kwilizwe liphela. Le dolophu yaziwa njenge epokothweni Russia - iziko yorhwebo enkulu kweminyaka 18-19.

Ngemihla yakudala, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, Nizhny Novgorod waduma ngenxa abalinganiswa bakhe, weza ukulwa izidalwa ePoland. Kwaba ngo 1612, xa izibonda Nizhny Novgorod wamajoni phantsi umyalelo we Kuzma Minin kunye nguDmitry Pozharsky. umbhiyozo lonyaka Day Unity kaZwelonke (ngoNovemba th 4 imini) eRashiya azinikele ubuqhawe ezi heroes-Nizhny Novgorod.

Kwi ndawo (kwi ezantsi), apho iinkokheli zabantu, ukuze ndilwe bahlaseli, imbeko yabo ilitye lesikhumbuzo (neenqwelwana efanayo kwi Red Square eMoscow).

Unyaka kwesisekelo Nizhny Novgorod

Kutheni Novgorod "bottom"? Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba oku kungenxa yokuba isixeko ibekwe ngezantsi Novgorod odumileyo.

Ngenene, inyaniso kukuba phakathi kwinkulungwane-7, weekhilomitha-4 ukuya emlonyeni Oka kwakanye iyimisele Slavic zokuhlala onqatyisiweyo. Oku kubhekiselele kwidolophu endala asinda de ngenkulungwane ye-17.

Noloyiso 1221, lo ukunyuka intaba unyaka avunyelwe kwindawo kunokuba kuluncedo (ngaphezu intlanganisela iVolga kunye Oka) ngokwemiqathango impi ukwakha i "bottom" isixeko esitsha. Ngelo xesha zakhiwa khona nezomthi nemiphanda iinqaba, ngaphakathi apho lwakwakhiwa yecawa ka-zingelosi Michael. Ngoko kwabakho isiseko Nizhny Novgorod.

Eyona engundoqo ezinomtsalane kwisixeko

Oku iziganeko izityebi zembali isixeko olukhulu zesikhumbuzo ezininzi bokwakha. UNESCO kwakukho Nizhny Novgorod kuluhlu lwe izixeko 100, emele ixabiso jikelele.

Le ndawo kakhulu umdla liziko wembali - St. Pokrovskaya nezakhiwo ezindala kunye namanani ngobhedu yinzwakazi.

Yesicelo of Nizhny - intliziyo mzi. Nizhny Novgorod base kwenzeka kule ndawo.

Nantsi ke ilangatye obungunaphakade, izakhiwo zikarhulumente, iiholo ikonsathi enkulu, iCawa iNgelosi uMikhail (apha ke izidumbu i-Grand Neendwalutho kunye Kuzma Minin). Ngelo xesha, kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha aphantsi Nizhny Novgorod.

Wakha lesikhumbuzo kufutshane yesicelo of Nizhny Novgorod hero V. Chkalov kwaye uyonyulwa abakhenkethi kunye nabahlali kwisixeko Chkalov ngezinyuko. Nge ukuphakama kwalo kubonakala iimbono ezintle komlambo omkhulu iVolga.

Isiseko of Nizhny Novgorod ezinxulumene nokwakhiwa kukho icawa ezintle nezigodlo: i Cathedral of ungowokubongwa Virgin, Macarius Monastery, Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (ekunene ngasemlanjeni), Staroyarmarochny Cathedral kunye nabanye abaninzi. et al.

Enye yezona zinto zithandwa ukuba abakhenkethi ukuba uhambo kwi emkhombeni. Ngexesha cruise inika iimbono omangalisayo mzi, kwi leri Chkalovsky kunye Verhnepechersky monastery.