Yintoni "Domostroy"? "Domostroy": umbhali, unyaka indalo, isishwankathelo

A lesikhumbuzo yenkcubeko unique wahlala ababephila ukususela abemi Russia yamandulo. Kuyilwe ngenkulungwane ye-16, le ncwadi yaba isikhokelo kuphela ekunene hayi kuphela abo ukwakha indlu. Kwadlula njengesiseko kwindalo usapho kunye nokulima. Yintoni "Domostroy" kunokuba kwakunjalo ukuba ookhokho bethu yaye sayo mbali? Zama ukuqonda.

indlu Encyclopedia Russia yamandulo

"Domostroy" - uluhlu lwemithetho kunye neengcebiswano ezinokusetyenziswa ukuze yonke imihla. Yena idibanisa yokomoya kunye yehlabathi. Yiloo nto le ncwadi yeyona yokuqala "Encyclopedia of indlu" - oko kukuthi "Domostroy".

Ukongeza iingcebiso namacebo, bulawula kwinjoli isiko zanikezelwa. waba imitshato, imibhiyozo kunye yokuzonwabisa yonke imihla ukuze ungqinelane nezinto le ncwadi.

Amanye amazwe ngempazamo abakholelwa ukuba okukule "despotism amadoda" wazi yonke into, ngaphandle kokukhetha, abahlali Russia.

Ukuvela "despotism ngamadoda"

Ngenkulungwane ye-16 lenyuka inani ngqangi. Baba ibaluleke kakhulu. Kunokuba ngesikhumba phepha waqalisa ukusetyenziswa ngempumelelo, leyo bazisa eRashiya evela eYurophu. Ngoko ke, ukudalwa "despotism amadoda" kungaba nokuba emidala ayisashicilelwa. Abanye abaphandi ingxelo iinguqulelo ezibini zesishumi se-encyclopedia endala. Enye yazo isimbo endala kakhulu, engqongqo, kodwa echanekileyo sisilumko. A wafaka ziqinile yesibini nemiyalelo limnqakathi.

I 'Domostroy "(unyaka kusungulwa akwaziwa ukuba Qinisekisa) kwisiqingatha sokuqala kwenkulungwane ye-16 e-Velikiy Novgorod.

Uhlobo ziyingqokelela ezinjalo Slavic kunye neemfundiso kunye neengcebiso "Zlatoust", "izmaragd", "Chain Golden".

In "Domostroi" lonke ulwazi ngaphambili eziprintiweyo nemigangatho zaye zaqulunqwa. Ukuphonononga "Ukuyalela" Monomakh, u nga ha kuma kwihi ezininzi imigaqo yokuziphatha yokuziphatha evela zaphawula ezahlukeneyo.

Ngubani na ke umbhali?

Imibono malunga bemeko- esisodwa Encyclopedia diverge. Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba umbhali we "despotism amadoda" - utata ngokomoya Ivana Groznogo - ngumbingeleli uSylvester. Wadala incwadi ukuze lakheke yokumkani. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba uSylvester Ndipinde ndawabhala kwakhona lama "Domostroy" phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-16.

isishwankathelo

Kufuneka sifunde umxholo kule ncwadi zokuphuculwa ekhaya, ukuze baqonde oko kunyanzelekileyo yaye kutheni ubezukile yicawa. Ukuba uthathe njengesiseko nokudalwa uSylvester thina, ine- intshayelelo, umyalezo ukusuka unyana kuyise kwaye phantse 70 (okunene 67) izahluko. Babedityaniswa kumacandelo eziphambili yokomoya, yehlabathi, ukupheka usapho.

Phantse zonke izahluko babe nolwalamano olusondeleyo imithetho zamaKristu nemiyalelo. Emva kokuba "isohlwayo unyana kayise," kwisahluko esilandelayo sichaza indlela amaKristu ngokuchanekileyo akholelwa kuBathathu Emnye oyiNgcwele kunye uMama Pure kaThixo. Bababikela ukuba kunqula indlela izinto ezingcwele kunye nemikhosi ezingcwele.

Umbhali we "despotism amadoda" ngokweenkcukacha uxelela abafundi ukuba benze njani izaphetha, ubhaptizo, umthendeleko, umthendeleko isonka adle. Yintoni Akuvunyelwe ukuyenza ebandleni.

Kubaluleke kakhulu kule ncwadi inikwa unqulo kakumkani yonke mlawuli ukuba simanyene ukubaluleka ngenxa yeCawa kwaye ngumlawuli abantu.

Uqeqesho lukayihlo, ukuba unyana wakhe

Ndingathanda aqhelane ethi "Domostroy", isishwankathelo ochazwe ngasentla ngokwenkcukacha ngakumbi.

Indawo ekhethekileyo luqeqesho ibalulekileyo "despotism amadoda" - imithetho kaBawo. Ukhankanye ukuba unyana wakhe, yena kuqala wamsikelela. Ngaphezu koko, ufundisa unyana wakhe, umfazi wakhe kunye nabantwana ukuze siphile ngokuvisisana nemithetho zamaKristu, nenyaniso kunye nesazela esilungileyo, bakholwayo yaye kukugcina imiyalelo kaThixo. UYise eyenza la imigca unyana wakhe nendlu yakhe, athi: ". Ukuba esi sibhalo ababamkeli, uya kuba noxanduva ngokwabo ngeMini Yomgwebo"

Ngayo utyalo nobukhulu, ubulumko kunye nekratshi. ukhokelo olunjalo bekuya kuba ezifanelekileyo nangaliphi na ixesha. Ngapha koko, abazali bafuna abantwana babo elungileyo, bafuna ukubona abantu abanyanisekileyo, nemfesane nezinesidima. ulutsha lwanamhlanje kuvame amabinzana ezo ooyise noonina. A "Domostroy", unyaka kwendalo leyo wawa ixesha sentlonelo ekhethekileyo kaThixo, umoyisele zonke endaweni yayo. Yeyona yomthetho ayifanele ukuba babulawe kunye ingongoma. Yena akazange imibuzo. Waye ehleli yonke intsapho yakhe 'inqwanqwa' zabo, ichaza ulwalamano phakathi kwabo, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, kubenza kubo. Nantso into "Domostroy".

Le ukuhlonelwa nokuthobela uyise nonina

Abantwana aluvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukuba bafunge kunye nabazali babo kakubi kwabo igwetywe. odolo Bee ukuba kwenziwe ngaphandle kwemiqathango, ngaphandle ngokuxoxa abazali bakhe bathi.

Bonke abantwana kufuneka ukuthanda uyihlo nonyoko, ukuba bayithobele, ukuba imbeko iminyaka yabo endala baze bayithobele ezintweni zonke. Abo bangamthobeliyo, elinde isiqalekiso amsongele. Kwaye ke abantwana, anike uyise nonina nokuthobela, ungoyiki - ziya kuhlala ekulungeni, ngaphandle maxangu.

Intloko izele bubulumko, ukuhlonipha ngamnye. Oku kusikhumbuza ukuqhubeka elizayo kunye elidlulileyo, ukuba ukuhlonipha abazali - ongamandla kuluntu lonke. Ngelishwa, le nto ngoku kupasa njengoko inyaniso kunye eqhelekileyo. Abazali baye balahlekelwa ukuthembeka abantwana babo.

malunga womluki

Ngaloo mihla umsebenzi ngokunyaniseka kwakuxatyiswe kakhulu kunene. Ngoko ke, i "despotism amadoda" imithetho echaphazelekayo uphumezo yesazela kunye ophezulu umgangatho nawuphi na umsebenzi.

Ukulahlwa shi ngabo ongenakuxoka, esebenza kakubi, undilalanise, musa ukwenza okulungileyo ukuze kungenelwe yoluntu. Phambi kokuba uqale naliphi na ishishini kufuneka ukuwela uze ucele iintsikelelo ezivela iNkosi kathathu ukuba niqubude kulo ilizwe elingcwele. Wonke womluki (ukupheka, ukulungiselela inventri, unokwakhela) kufuneka umntu siqale ngeengcinga ezicocekileyo kunye nezandla ndahlamba.

Yonke into yenziwa iingcinga kunye neminqweno nyulu, uya kuzuza abantu. njani na zikhuphisana nto? ..

Ukuthintelwa "despotism ngamadoda"

Ngenxa kwabakho lo rhulkumente mtsha apha 1917. Le iseti yemithetho irhoxisiwe, yaye akuvumelekanga. Kakade ke, oku ngenxa yokuba abalweli abachasene ze zonqulo yaye yonke into enxulumene nayo. Ngoko ke, "Domostroy" ayikwazanga zamkelwe ngurhulumente omtsha. Ukulwa lobuzwilakhe kunye serfdom (ezixhaswa yi-Church) wawukwalela ukukhankanywa unqulo kunye yenkolelo.

Kuyo yonke le ncwadi ababhali xesha bazisa ukuba umfundi ingcinga yokuba akukho Thixo. Kakade ke, neemfundiso ukunqulwa zababingeleli zonqulo incwadi, ooyise ubulungiseleli yabo yokomoya kukumkani, zaza zafa zonke iintlobo abalawuli ayikwazanga avunyelwe kuyo nayiphi na imeko.

Loo kumzabalazo wokulwa unqulo eminyaka abazange kuchaphazela kakuhle kwi nokuziphatha uluntu namhlanje.

ngexabiso lemfundo

Nangona kukhankanywe kwincwadi amagama afana "Mini Yomgwebo", "umtyholi", "abangendawo", zonke ezi mithetho ngoku bekuya kuba sisikhokelo elungileyo kwimisebenzi semihla ngemihla. Ngenxa yokuba, asekelwe kwiisethi imithetho standard Akulula "umthetho ezingabhaliweyo" kubemi mihla eRashiya.

Zokuziphatha ziveliswa ngokusekelwe norms yokuziphatha abasondeza abazali, esikolweni, uluntu. Awusoloko anikele ingqalelo ngenxa oku. Singasathethi into yokuba nayiphi na imigaqo owamkelwa ngabo bonke ukusetyenziswa ngemihla. Ibandla ayisa njengento ngabantu ukuze imbeko yonke imimiselo kaThixo.

Ngoku, imisebenzi emininzi yaye kwakhiwe libe nentsingiselo entsha. Imisebenzi yakhatywa, uselegwetyiwe, yamkelwa brilliant and abanetalente. "Domostroy" - yenye yezi indalo unique sithwele kuba isizukulwana esitsha usapho mihla, yaye bonke abantu eninzi amacebiso aluncedo yonke imihla. Ingcamango ephambili ncwadi - ke imfundo yabantwana ukususela kwimihla yakudala, ulwalathiso imisebenzi emihle komntwana, nembonakalo ukulunga kuzo zonke izenzo zakhe. Nokuba oku akunjalo ningaswele kuluntu lwethu izele ubuxoki, ukuzenzisa, nomona, umsindo kunye ndlongo?

Ukubaluleka zembali

Ukuvela sale ncwadi, sinako ngoku ukufumana ulwazi malunga nobomi kunye nobomi babantu belo xesha. "Domostroy" yabhalwa ukuba ababukeli, ngokuba abantu ubume ezahlukeneyo kwezentlalo. Esi sikhokelo ukuba emkhosini, oomabhalane, inkonzo kwaye bonke abemi abo intsapho, ukudala kwemizi yenu. Kungakhathaliseki nokuba incwadi ibonisa ubomi benene, okanye umgaqo ukwenza ubomi ofanelekileyo, oko ezibalulekileyo ezimbalini gqitha abantu abahlala ngoku eRashiya. Abaphandi basafunda ngokwesantya sakhe, ubomi yenkcubeko neengqondi yabemi Russia ngenkulungwane ye-16. Nangona ngelo xesha hlobo kaloku, akukho ukuzonwabisa, ekubeni naliphi Church zokuzonwabisa phantsi kwaye akuvumelekanga. Yintoni "Domostroy" basem-? Olu lulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu malunga nobomi zabucala, izithethe ezixabisekileyo zosapho, imithetho yonqulo, izithethe kunye nemithetho yobomi bemihla ngemihla kwintsapho Russian yelo xesha.